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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Coupled management of electric vehicle workplace charging and office building loads

Significant building energy savings are realized through heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) setpoint adjustment and daylighting control. Workplace charging (WPC) enables colocation of electric vehicles (EVs) with office building loads. We proposed managing energy use of workplace EV charging and the office building and determined the number of EVs that building energy savings can facilitate charging. We simulated building energy savings in typical medium offices in Chicago IL, Baltimore MD, and Houston TX, spanning three US climate regions. Considering the EV hosting capacity of the saved building energy and travel patterns of roundtrip commuting, we minimized EV charging costs under time-of-use electricity pricing. Managed WPC can reduce charging electricity bills compared to first-come, first-served charging. The ratio of EVs to chargers, the coincident period of commuters’ dwell time and lower electricity prices, and the number of EVs in the office impacted the economic benefits achieved through charging management.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2025

Integration of Electric Vehicle Charging Loads in Residential Building Stock Energy Modeling

The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has resulted in significant new household electric loads that have the potential to change how energy costs are incurred by homeowners and the landscape of utility operations and energy infrastructure. Whereas adoption patterns and magnitudes of residential building and EV charging loads are influenced by distinct factors, the loads themselves are tightly coupled with the behavior of the individual occupants and EV owners.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
NASA NTRS2011

Charging and Subsequent Dissipation of a Rover Wheel in the Lunar Polar Regions

As a roving vehicle moves along the lunar surface, electric charge will build up through tribo-charging. This charge collected by the roving object will have a dissipative path to either the surface or the ambient plasma, depending upon which path is most conductive. At the lunar terminator region and into nightside regions, the surface is very cold and becomes a very poor conductor. leaving the plasma as the dominant remediating current for dissipation. However, within lunar craters, even plasma currents become substantially reduced which then greatly increases electric 'dissipation times, This work will involve the advancement of the stepping astronaut charge model, by considering the charging and plasma dissipation of a rolling rover wheel, The objective of this work is to determine the nature of charging and discharging for a rover wheel as it rolls along the cold, plasma-starved lunar polar regions. The rotating wheel accumulates charge via contact electrification (tribo-charging) with the lunar regolith. This tribo-charging is dependent on the composition of the objects in contact, with insulators and conductors charging differently. Given the environmental plasma in the region, we then determine the dissipation time for the wheel to bleed off its excess charge into the surrounding plasma. A model of the rover wheel rotating continuously over a surface regolith within a polar crater has been applied. The environmental plasma has been described previously. We define a new tribo-charging term specifically for the rotating system, with charge levels defined as a function of the wheel size, area in contact with the regolith, regolith particle size distribution, as well as the velocity at which the wheel is turning. We recognize that as charged dust accumulates and sticks to the wheel, this behaves effectively as a new current. Hence, the overall charging of the system should no longer vary linearly. and begin to show signs of saturation, We are devising a dust current term to model this charge-limiting effect, and will present the results in discussion.

Jackson, T. L.↗
NASA NTRS2013

"Snow White" Coating Protects SpaceX Dragon's Trunk Against Rigors of Space

He described it as "snow white." But NASA astronaut Don Pettit was not referring to the popular children's fairy tale. Rather, he was talking about the white coating of the Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (SpaceX) Dragon spacecraft that reflected from the International Space Station s light. As it approached the station for the first time in May 2012, the Dragon s trunk might have been described as the "fairest of them all," for its pristine coating, allowing Pettit to clearly see to maneuver the robotic arm to grab the Dragon for a successful nighttime berthing. This protective thermal control coating, developed by Alion Science and Technology Corp., based in McLean, Va., made its bright appearance again with the March 1 launch of SpaceX's second commercial resupply mission. Named Z-93C55, the coating was applied to the cargo portion of the Dragon to protect it from the rigors of space. "For decades, Alion has produced coatings to protect against the rigors of space," said Michael Kenny, senior chemist with Alion. "As space missions evolved, there was a growing need to dissipate electrical charges that build up on the exteriors of spacecraft, or there could be damage to the spacecraft s electronics. Alion's research led us to develop materials that would meet this goal while also providing thermal controls. The outcome of this research was Alion's proprietary Z-93C55 coating."

McMahan, Tracy↗
NASA NTRS2015

UV-LED Project

The performance of certain classes of instruments - ones in which the test article is suspended, or floats, within the instrument - is adversely affected by the buildup of electric charge on the floating object. When spacecraft components are grounded, this charge can be easily controlled. But in the case of a free-floating asset, another method of charge dissipation is needed. One method is to use ultraviolet light to create a flow of electrons to or from the test mass, controlling its charge.

Electric charge build up↗
NASA NTRS1975

Design considerations in the creation and maintenance of electrostatic cleanliness for solar electrically propelled spacecraft

Charge build-up on spacecraft surfaces and resulting zones of electrostatic contamination have been examined for electrically active and electrically passive spacecraft with both conducting and dielectric surface materials, illuminated and nonilluminated surface conditions, and for both inclusion and neglect of free charge effects from photocurrents and ambient space plasma particles. Techniques for measurement and reduction of electrostatic contamination zone extent have been developed for spacecraft with charge release capability. Indicated limitations for contamination cleanup are about 1 volt potential variation from spacecraft to ambient plasma. Bandwidths of electrostatic monitoring and clamping devices extend to several hundred kilohertz for both DC and 'broadband' AC electrostatic cleanliness.

Sellen, J. M., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Ball-joint grounding ring

In ball and socket joint where electrical insulator such as polytetrafluoroethylene is used as line to minimize friction, good electrical contact across joint may be needed for lightning protection or to prevent static-charge build-up. Electrical contact is maintained by ring of spring-loaded fingers mounted in socket. It may be useful in industry for cranes, trailers, and other applications requiring ball and socket joint.

Aperlo, P. J. A.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Become EV Friendly With Planning Resources for Charging Infrastructure

State and local governments are key to the successful build-out of a nationwide electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure network. Visit the Alternative Fuels Data Center for resources on EV infrastructure planning, including key considerations and best practices for navigating regulatory updates to streamline infrastructure build-out.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
NASA NTRS2017

Internal Electrostatic Discharge Tests of Micro-D Connectors for Planned Europa Mission

NASA has planned a mission to study Jupiter’s moon, Europa. The mission would place a spacecraft into orbit around Jupiter, performing nominally 45 flybys of the moon. The suite of instruments onboard the spacecraft would investigate Europa’s potential to sustain life, studying the moon’s atmosphere, water-ice crust, suspected subsurface ocean, and rocky interior. The radiation environment at Europa’s orbit is severe and presents a significant threat to the spacecraft. There are several radiation effects that could be problematic, one of which is internal charging. Problems due to internal charging arise when high energy electrons penetrate the spacecraft and deposit within onboard dielectrics or floating metals. These charges can build up over time, generating electric fields that exceed the breakdown strength of materials in the region. A rapid discharge of the stored charges may occur, sending current pulses into electronics and potentially damaging them. An Internal Electrostatic Discharge (IESD) design environment was created for the planned Europa mission [Kim et al, in press]. The IESD design environment is meant to characterize the part of the radiation environment that poses the largest threat to the spacecraft with respect to internal charging. The environment was based off of electron data gathered by the Galileo spacecraft. Over the past year, the internal charging threat to several hardware components of the planned Europa Clipper spacecraft have been characterized using simulations and/or tests. The subject report documents one such test on Micro-D connectors.

Smithfield, Marianne↗
DOE OSTI2026

ResStock Measure Documentation: Electric Vehicle Adoption With Level 1 Charging

This report is part of a series describing different ResStock (TM) measures. "Measures" refers to energy efficiency retrofits that can be applied to buildings during modeling. This documentation covers the "Electric Vehicle Adoption With Level 1 Charging" measure upgrade methodology and briefly discusses key results.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

ResStock Measure Documentation: Electric Vehicle Adoption With Level 2 Charging

This report is part of a series describing different ResStock (TM) measures. "Measures" refers to energy efficiency retrofits that can be applied to buildings during modeling. This documentation covers the "Electric Vehicle Adoption With Level 2 Charging" measure upgrade methodology and briefly discusses key results.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

ResStock Measure Documentation: Electric Vehicle Adoption With Level 2 Charging and Demand Flexibility

This report is part of a series describing different ResStock measures. "Measures" refers to energy efficiency retrofits that can be applied to buildings during modeling. This documentation covers the "Electric Vehicle Adoption With Level 2 Charging and Demand Flexibility" measure upgrade methodology and briefly discusses key results.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

ResStock Measure Documentation: Efficient Electric Vehicle Adoption With Level 2 Charging

This report is part of a series describing different ResStock (TM) measures. "Measures" refers to energy efficiency retrofits that can be applied to buildings during modeling. This documentation covers the "Efficient Electric Vehicle Adoption With Level 2 Charging" measure upgrade methodology and briefly discusses key results.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

ResStock Measure Documentation: Efficient Electric Vehicle Adoption With Level 2 Charging and Demand Flexibility

This report is part of a series describing different ResStock measures. "Measures" refers to energy efficiency retrofits that can be applied to buildings during modeling. This documentation covers the "Efficient Electric Vehicle Adoption With Level 2 Charging and Demand Flexibility" measure upgrade methodology and briefly discusses key results.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
NASA NTRS2004

Polyimide/Carbon Nanotube Composite Films for Electrostatic Charge Mitigation

Low color, space environmentally durable polymeric films with sufficient electrical conductivity to mitigate electrostatic charge build-up have been under investigation as part of a materials development activity. In the work described herein, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) solutions were dispersed in solutions of a novel ionomer in N,N-dimethylacetamide resulting in homogenous suspensions or quasi-solutions. The ionomer was used to aid in the dispersal of SWNTs in to a soluble, low color space environmentally durable polyimide. The use of the ionomer as a dispersant enabled the nanotubes to be dispersed at loading levels up to 3 weight % in a polyimide solution without visual agglomeration. The films were further characterized for their electrical and mechanical properties.

Delozier, D. M.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Space Durable Polyimide/Carbon Nanotube Composite Films for Electrostatic Charge Mitigation

Low color, space environmentally durable polymeric films with sufficient electrical conductivity to mitigate electrostatic charge (ESC) build-up have been under investigation as part of a materials development activity. These materials have potential applications on advanced spacecraft, particularly on large, deployable, ultra-light weight Gossamer spacecraft. The approach taken to impart sufficient electrical conductivity into the polymer film is based on the use of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) as conductive additives. Earlier approaches investigated in our lab involved both an in-situ polymerization approach and addition of SWNT to an oligomer containing reactive end-groups as methods to improve SWNT dispersion. The work described herein is based on the spray coating of a SWNT/solvent dispersion onto the film surface. Two types of polyimides were investigated, one with reactive end groups that can lead to bond formation between the oligomer chain and the SWNT surface and those without reactive end-groups. Surface conductivities (measured as surface resistance) in the range sufficient for ESC mitigation were achieved with minimal effects on the mechanical, optical, thermo-optical properties of the film as compared to the other methods. The chemistry and physical properties of these nanocomposites will be discussed.

Watson, Kent A.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Clear, Conductive, Transparent, Flexible Space Durable Composite Films for Electrostatic Charge Mitigation

Space environmentally durable polymeric films with low color and sufficient electrical conductivity to mitigate electrostatic charge (ESC) build-up have been under investigation as part of a materials development activity. These materials have potential applications on advanced spacecraft, particularly on large, deployable, ultra-light weight Gossamer spacecraft. The approach taken to impart sufficient electrical conductivity into the polymer film while maintaining flexibility is to use single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as conductive additives. Approaches investigated in our lab involved an in-situ polymerization method, addition of SWNTs to a polymer containing reactive end-groups, and spray coating of polymer surfaces. The work described herein is a summary of the current status of this project. Surface conductivities (measured as surface resistance) in the range sufficient for ESC mitigation were achieved with minimal effects on the physical, thermal, mechanical and optical properties of the films. Additionally, the electrical conductivity was not affected by harsh mechanical manipulation of the films. The chemistry and physical properties of these nanocomposites will be discussed.

Watson, Kent A.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Carbon Nanotube/Conductive Additive/Space Durable Polymer Nanocomposite Films for Electrostatic Charge Dissipation

Thin film membranes of space environmentally stable polymeric materials possessing low color/solar absorptivity (alpha) are of interest for potential applications on Gossamer spacecraft. In addition to these properties, sufficient electrical conductivity is required in order to dissipate electrostatic charge (ESC) build-up brought about by the charged orbital environment. One approach to achieve sufficient electrical conductivity for ESC mitigation is the incorporation of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). However, when the SWNTs are dispersed throughout the polymer matrix, the nanocomposite films tend to be significantly darker than the pristine material resulting in a higher alpha. The incorporation of conductive additives in combination with a decreased loading level of SWNTs is one approach for improving alpha while retaining conductivity. Taken individually, the low loading level of conductive additives and SWNTs is insufficient in achieving the percolation level necessary for electrical conductivity. When added simultaneously to the film, conductivity is achieved through a synergistic effect. The chemistry, physical, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite films will be presented.

Smith, Joseph G., Jr.↗