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The micrometeoroid satellite explorer xiii /1961 chi/

Observations of v.h.f.-bistatic-aurora-backscatter-communications on 145 Mc/s within Middle Europe and from Middle Europe to Great Britain and Scandinavia covering the period from 1957 to the beginning of 1963 are analyzed with respect to the probability of occurrence of these phenomena as a function of the magnetic dip angle and the degree of geomagnetic activity. An interpretation is given of the obtained results.

MICROMETEOROID

Thermal design

Explorer XIII satellite - thermal design

EXPLORER XIII SATELLITE

Pressurized-cell experiment

Explorer XIII satellite - pressurized-cell detectors for measurement of micrometeoroid puncture hazard

EXPLORER XIII SATELLITE

Telemetry Design

The basic telemetry-system concept for Explorer XI11 was selected primarily on the basis of demonstrated performance (ref. IV-1). The successful orbiting of Vanguard I1 (1939 Alpha) and Vanguard I11 (1959 Eta) had proven the basic design of the tracking and telemetry concepts which were compatible with mini- track network. It was necessary for the NASA Langley Research Center (LRC) to expand the system to provide a 48-channel telemetry system. Two of these sys- tems were used in the Explorer XI11 in order to provide the required channel capacity.

TELEMETRY

Test program

Explorer XIII environmental test program

ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING

Helium-Like X-Ray Line Complexes Show That the Hottest Plasma on the O Supergiant ζPuppis Is in Its Wind

We present an analysis of Chandra grating spectra of k ey helium-lik e line comple x es to put constraints on the location with respect to the photosphere of the hottest ( T  6 ×10 6 K) plasma in the wind of the O supergiant ζPup and to explore changes in the 18 yr between two sets of observations of this star. We fit two models –one empirical and one wind-shock-based –to the S XV , Si XIII , and Mg XI line comple x es and show that an origin in the wind flow, abo v e r ≈1.5 R ∗, is strongly fa v oured o v er an origin less than 0.3 R ∗abo v e the photosphere ( r  1.3 R ∗), especially in the more recent, very long-exposure data set. There is a modest increase in the line and continuum fluxes, line widths, wind absorption signatures, and of the hot plasma’s distance from the photosphere in the 18 yr since the first Chandra grating observation of ζPup. Both modes of modelling include the effects of dielectronic recombination satellite emission line blending on the helium-like comple x es –the first time this has been accounted for in the analysis of He-like line ratios in O stars.

Maurice A Leutenegger