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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Short Range Correlations and the EMC Effect

This Letter shows quantitatively that the magnitude of the EMC effect measured in electron deep inelastic scattering at intermediate x{sub B}, 0.35{<=}x{sub B{<=}}0.7, is linearly related to the short range correlation (SRC) scale factor obtained from electron inclusive scattering at x{sub B{>=}}1. The observed phenomenological relationship is used to extract the ratio of the deuteron to the free pn pair cross sections and F{sub 2}{sup n}/F{sub 2}{sup p}, the ratio of the free neutron to free proton structure functions. We speculate that the observed correlation is because both the EMC effect and SRC are dominated by the high virtuality (high momentum) nucleons in the nucleus.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2010

Photon parton distributions in nuclei and the EMC effect

Photons, as well as quarks and gluons, are constituents of the infinite momentum frame (IMF) wave function of an energetic particle. They are mostly equivalent photons whose amplitude follows from the Lorentz transformation of the particle rest frame Coulomb field into the IMF and from the conservation of the electromagnetic current. We evaluate in a model independent way the dominant photon contribution {proportional_to}{alpha}{sub em}(Z{sup 2}/A{sup 4/3})ln(1/R{sub A}m{sub N}x) to the nuclear structure functions as well as the term {proportional_to}{alpha}{sub em}Z/A. In addition we show that the definition of x consistent with the exact kinematics of eA scattering (with exact sum rules) works in the same direction as the nucleus field of equivalent photons. Combined, these effects account for the bulk of the hadronic European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect for x{<=}0.5 where Fermi motion effects are small. In particular, for these x the hadronic mechanism contribution to the EMC effect does not exceed {approx}3% for all nuclei. Also, the A dependence of the hadronic mechanism of the EMC effect for x>0.5 is significantly modified.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

EMC effect for light nuclei: new results from Jefferson Lab

High energy lepton scattering has been the primary tool for mapping out the quark distributions of nucleons and nuclei. Measurements of deep inelastic scattering in nuclei show that the quark distributions in heavy nuclei are not simply the sum of the quark distributions of the constituent proton and neutron, as one might expect for a weakly bound system. This modification of the quark distributions in nuclei is known as the EMC effect. I will discuss the results from Jefferson Lab (JLab) experiment E03-103, a precise measurement of the EMC effect in few-body nuclei with emphasis on the large x region. Data from the light nuclei suggests that the nuclear dependence of the high x quark distribution may depend on the nucleon's local environment, rather than being a purely bulk effect. In addition, I will also discuss about a future experiment at the upgraded 12 GeV Jefferson Lab facility which will further investigate the role of the local nuclear environment and the influence of detailed nuclear structure to the modification of quark distributions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Pion-induced Drell-Yan processes and the flavor-dependent EMC effect

Pion-induced Drell-Yan processes are proposed as a promising tool with which to measure the flavor dependence of the European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect, that is, the flavor-dependent modification of quark distributions in the nuclear medium. Existing pionic Drell-Yan data are compared with calculations using a recent model for nuclear quark distributions that incorporates flavor-dependent nuclear effects. While no firm conclusions can yet be drawn, we find that existing Drell-Yan data likely imply a flavor dependence of the EMC effect. We demonstrate that pion-induced Drell-Yan experiments on nuclear targets can access new aspects of the EMC effect not probed in deep inelastic scattering and can therefore provide important new constrains on the nuclear quark distributions. Predictions for possible future pion-induced Drell-Yan experiments are also presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Measurements of the EMC effect in few-body nuclei at large x

Recent data on the EMC effect from Jefferson Lab experiment E03103 suggest that the nuclear dependence of the high x quark distribution may depend on the local nuclear environment, rather than being a purely bulk effect. We briefly discuss the analysis and results of the E03103 experiment focusing on the light nuclei and high x region. In addition, we also discuss a future experiment at the upgraded 12 GeV Jefferson Lab facility which will further investigate the role of the local nuclear environment and the influence of detailed nuclear structure on the modification of quark distributions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Short range correlations and the EMC effect

The magnitude of the EMC effect measured in electron deep inelastic scattering (DIS) is linearly related to the Short Range Correlation (SRC) scaling factor obtained from electron inclusive scattering. We speculate that the observed correlation is due to the fact that both the EMC effect and SRC are dominated by high momentum nucleons in the nucleus. The observed phenomenological relationship can be used to extract the ratio of the deuteron to the free pn-pair cross sections, the DIS cross section for a free neutron, View the MathML source, the ratio of the free neutron to free proton structure functions, and the u/d ratio in a free proton.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

First Measurement of the EMC effect in 10 B and 11 B

The nuclear dependence of the inclusive inelastic electron scattering cross section (the EMC effect) has been measured for the first time in 10 B and 11 B. Previous measurements of the EMC effect in A ≤ 12 nuclei showed an unexpected nuclear dependence; 10 B and 11 B were measured to explore the EMC effect in this region in more detail. Results are presented for 9 Be, 10 B, 11 B, and 12 C at an incident beam energy of 10.6 GeV. The EMC effect in the boron isotopes was found to be similar to that for 9 Be and 12 C, yielding almost no nuclear dependence in the EMC effect in the range A = 4–12. Furthermore, this represents important new data supporting the hypothesis that the EMC effect depends primarily on the local nuclear environment due to the cluster structure of these nuclei.

6 ≤ A ≤ 19↗
DOE OSTI2023

PVEMC: isolating the flavor-dependent EMC effect using parity-violating inelastic scattering in SoLID

In order to better understand the EMC effect, we propose a clean and precise measurement of the flavor dependence of the EMC effect using parity-violating deep inelastic scattering on a 48 Ca target. This measurement will provide an extremely sensitive test for flavor dependence in the modification of nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs) for neutron-rich nuclei. A measurement of the flavor dependence will provide new and vital information and help to explain nucleon modification at the quark level. In addition to helping understand the origin of the EMC effect, a flavor-dependent nuclear pdf modification could significantly impact a range of processes, including neutrino-nucleus scattering, nuclear Drell-Yan processes, and e-A observables at the Electron-Ion Collider. The parity-violating asymmetry A PV from 48 Ca using an 11 GeV beam at 80 μA will be measured using the SoLID detector, proposed for a series of measurements in Hall A at Jefferson Lab. In 68 days of data taking, we will reach 0.7–1.3% statistical precision for 0.2 < x < 0.7 with 0.6–0.7 systematic uncertainties. Here, the goal is to make the first direct measurement of the flavor dependence of the EMC effect. The precision of the measurement will allow for quantification of the flavor-dependent effects, greatly improving our ability to differentiate between models of the EMC effect and constraining the u- and d-quark contributions in neutron rich nuclei.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Light-front holography model of the EMC effect

A new two-component model of the EMC effect based on Light-Front Holographic QCD (LFHQCD) is presented. The model suggests the EMC effect is the result of the nuclear potential breaking SU(6) symmetry. The model separates the $F_{2}^{A}$ nuclear structure function into two parts: a free contribution, involving the addition of proton and neutron structure functions weighted by the number of protons and neutrons respectively, and a nuclear/medium modified contribution that involves a universal function for all nuceli. Further, the model displays a connection with the correlation between the size of the EMC effect and the SRC pair density, a 2 - extracted from kinematic plateaus at around x > 1 in inclusive quasi-elastic (QE) scattering.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Understanding the EMC effect with tagged DIS measurements

Understanding the modification of quarks in nucleons within nuclei (EMC effect) is a longstanding open question in nuclear physics. Recent experimental results from electron scattering at Jefferson Lab strengthen the correlation between the EMC effect and short- range correlated pairs (SRC) of nucleons in nuclei. That means that the EMC effect is probably driven by the high-momentum highly-virtual nucleons of the SRC pairs. This connection can be tested experimentally by measuring electron deep inelastic scattering from a nucleon and detecting its correlated SRC partner nucleon (tagging). This allows us to measure the quark modification of high-momentum nucleons. Two tagged experiments on deuterium are underway at Jefferson Lab of which one already took data and the other will take data in the upcoming years. In my talk, I will present the current knowledge of the EMC effect and its correlation to SRC pair and the status of the tagged measurements at Jefferson Lab.

Hauenstein, Florian↗
DOE OSTI2023

Understanding the EMC effect with tagged DIS measurements

Understanding the modification of quarks in nucleons within nuclei (EMC effect) is a longstanding open question in nuclear physics. Recent experimental results from electron scattering at Jefferson Lab strengthen the correlation between the EMC effect and short- range correlated pairs (SRC) of nucleons in nuclei. That means that the EMC effect is probably driven by the high-momentum highly-virtual nucleons of the SRC pairs. This connection can be tested experimentally by measuring electron deep inelastic scattering from a nucleon and detecting its correlated SRC partner nucleon (tagging). This allows us to measure the quark modification of high-momentum nucleons. Two tagged experiments on deuterium are underway at Jefferson Lab of which one already took data and the other will take data in the upcoming years. In my talk, I will present the current knowledge of the EMC effect and its correlation to SRC pairs, the status of the tagged measurements at Jefferson Lab, and simulation results for tagged measurements at the EIC.

Hauenstein, Florian↗
DOE OSTI2018

The EMC Effect - New Insights and Future Studies

More than 30 years ago, the European Muon Collaboration provided evidence that quark distributions are modified in nuclei as compared to the free nucleon. The EMC Effect has been a subject of investigation, both experimentally and theoretically, ever since. To date, there is no universally accepted explanation of the EMC Effect, but recent results have given some exciting clues as to its possible origins. This presentation will focus on recent measurements of the EMC Effect and the future program of measurements of the nuclear dependence of quark distributions. Some of these measurements aim to explore the EMC Effect via measurements of a number of as-yet unmeasured nuclei, while others will attempt to gain insight via new observables, predicted to have significant nuclear effects that will provide sensitivity to particular models of the EMC Effect.

Gaskell, David↗
DOE OSTI2012

New Insights into the EMC Effect

Deep-inelastic scattering cross section ratios plotted as a function of the Bjorken scaling variable, xB, show an unexpected structure indicating that partonic structure in nuclei is different than in free nucleons. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as the EMC effect. Recent Jefferson Lab experimental data showed that the slope of the EMC effect in the 0.3 < xB > 0.7 region scales as the local nuclear density rather than the average nuclear density. This result lead to the comparison of xB>1 short-range correlation plateaus, also a local density effect, to the magnitude of the EMC effect slopes and a clear linear relation was found. In this talk, I will discuss the EMC effect and the short-range correlation plateaus and what this phenomenological relationship between the two implies.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Flavor Dependence of the EMC Effect via Inclusive Electron Scattering from $^{40}$Ca and $^{48}$Ca

The modification of the quark distribution functions in nuclei, the EMC effect, has been a topic of intense experimental and theoretical study since its original observation in 1983. At present there is no uniformly accepted explanation for the origin of the EMC effect and new observables are required to discriminate among the plethora of models put forward. Recent calculations suggest that the up quark distribution in a nucleus is modified differently than the down quark distribution for the case N dne Z. A number of techniques have been proposed to measure this flavor dependence of the EMC effect, including semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) and parity violating deep inelastic scattering (PVDIS). In this talk, I will examine the possibility of determining the flavor dependence of the EMC effect via inclusive electron scattering from $^{40}$Ca and $^{48}$Ca.

Gaskell, David↗
DOE OSTI2020

Measurement of the EMC Effect of the Helium-3 Nucleus at Jefferson Lab

The MARATHON (MeAsurement of the Fn 2 /Fp 2 , d/u RAtios and A=3 EMC Effect in Deep Inelastic Scattering Off the Tritium and Helium MirrOr Nuclei) experiment ran in the Hall A Facility of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). The experiment used a 10.59 GeV electron beam from the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) of JLab to measure the ratio of the F2 structure functions of Helium-3 and Deuterium. Data were taken in the kinematic range of 0.195 lte x lte 0.825, 2.5 (GeV/c)2 lte Q2 lte 13 (GeV/c)2, and 3.5 (GeV/c2)^2 lte W^2 lte 13 (GeV/c2)^2. This is the first measurement of the 3He EMC effect that is purely in the Deep Inelastic Scattering region. The results of this experiment constitute an important, complimentary addition, to the limited data presently available for the EMC effect of light nuclei. The MARATHON results are compared to the world data for light, medium, and heavy nuclei. This measurement is considered an essential component to uncovering the nature of the EMC effect.

Hague, Tyler↗
DOE OSTI2021

Examining the EMC effect using the ${F}_{2}^{n}$ neutron structure function

The persistently mysterious deviations from unity of the ratio of nuclear target structure functions to those of deuterium as measured in deep inelastic scattering (often termed the “EMC effect”) have become the canonical observable for studies of nuclear medium modifications to free nucleon structure in the valence regime. The structure function of the free proton is well known from numerous experiments spanning decades. The free neutron structure function, however, has remained difficult to access. Recently it has been extracted in a systematic study of the global data within a parton distribution function extraction framework and is available from the CTEQ–Jefferson Lab (CJ) Collaboration. Here, we leverage the latter to introduce a new method to study the EMC effect in nuclei by reexamining existing data in light of the the magnitude of the medium modifications to the free neutron and proton structure functions independently. From the extraction of the free neutron from world data, it is possible to examine the nuclear effects in deuterium and their contribution to our interpretation of the EMC effect. In this study, we observe that the ratio of the deuteron to the sum of the free neutron and proton structure functions has some x B and Q 2 dependencies that impact the magnitude of the EMC effect as typically observed. Specifically, different EMC slopes are obtained when data from different x B and Q 2 values are utilized. Furthermore, while a linear correlation persists between the EMC and short range correlation effects, the slope is modified when deuteron nuclear effects are removed.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗