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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

Multiple species beam production on laser ion source for electron beam ion source in Brookhaven National Laboratory

Extracted ion beams from the test laser ion source (LIS) were transported through a test beam transport line which is almost identical to the actual primary beam transport in the current electron beam ion source apparatus. The tested species were C, Al, Si, Cr, Fe, Cu, Ag, Ta, and Au. The all measured beam currents fulfilled the requirements. However, in the case of light mass ions, the recorded emittance shapes have larger aberrations and the RMS values are higher than 0.06 π mm mrad, which is the design goal. Since we have margin to enhance the beam current, if we then allow some beam losses at the injection point, the number of the single charged ions within the acceptance can be supplied. For heaver ions like Ag, Ta, and Au, the LIS showed very good performance.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Charge breeding results and future prospects with electron cyclotron resonance ion source and electron beam ion source (invited)

The Californium Rare Ion Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU) of the Argonne National Laboratory ATLAS facility will provide low-energy and reaccelerated neutron-rich radioactive beams for the nuclear physics program. A 70 mCi {sup 252}Cf source produces fission fragments which are thermalized and collected by a helium gas catcher into a low-energy particle beam with a charge of 1+ or 2+. An electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source functions as a charge breeder in order to raise the ion charge sufficiently for acceleration in the ATLAS linac. The final CARIBU configuration will utilize a 1 Ci {sup 252}Cf source to produce radioactive beams with intensities up to 10{sup 6} ions/s for use in the ATLAS facility. The ECR charge breeder has been tested with stable beam injection and has achieved charge breeding efficiencies of 3.6% for {sup 23}Na{sup 8+}, 15.6% for {sup 84}Kr{sup 17+}, and 13.7% for {sup 85}Rb{sup 19+} with typical breeding times of 10 ms/charge state. For the first radioactive beams, a charge breeding efficiency of 11.7% has been achieved for {sup 143}Cs{sup 27+} and 14.7% for {sup 143}Ba{sup 27+}. The project has been commissioned with a radioactive beam of {sup 143}Ba{sup 27+} accelerated to 6.1 MeV/u. In order to take advantage of its lower residual contamination, an EBIS charge breeder will replace the ECR charge breeder in the next two years. The advantages and disadvantages of the two techniques are compared taking into account the requirements of the next generation radioactive beam facilities.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Laser ion source with solenoid for Brookhaven National Laboratory-electron beam ion source

The electron beam ion source (EBIS) preinjector at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is a new heavy ion-preinjector for relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) and NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL). Laser ion source (LIS) is a primary ion source provider for the BNL-EBIS. LIS with solenoid at the plasma drift section can realize the low peak current ({approx}100 {micro}A) with high charge ({approx}10 nC) which is the BNL-EBIS requirement. The gap between two solenoids does not cause serious plasma current decay, which helps us to make up the BNL-EBIS beamline.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Numerical simulation of ion charge breeding in electron beam ion source

The Electron Beam Ion Source particle-in-cell code (EBIS-PIC) tracks ions in an EBIS electron beam while updating electric potential self-consistently and atomic processes by the Monte Carlo method. Recent improvements to the code are reported in this paper. The ionization module has been improved by using experimental ionization energies and shell effects. The acceptance of injected ions and the emittance of extracted ion beam are calculated by extending EBIS-PIC to the beam line transport region. An EBIS-PIC simulation is performed for a Cs charge-breeding experiment at BNL. The charge state distribution agrees well with experiments, and additional simulation results of radial profiles and velocity space distributions of the trapped ions are presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Optics modification of the electron collector for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Electron Beam Ion Source

The Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) operates with electron beam current up to 10 A and frequency up to 4-5 Hz. The observation of the vacuum conditions and the temperature of the electron repeller electrode inside the electron collector (EC) points to heavy heating of this electrode by the backscattered electrons generated by the primary electron beam on the inner surfaces of the EC. The ion optics adjacent to the EC operates at potentials of up to 50 kV and higher and the flashes of the desorbed gas may cause discharges and have detrimental effect on the vacuum conditions in the ion trap, and possible instability of the extracted ion beam. The proposed modification of the EC optics has a goal of eliminating the heating of the internal EC electrodes with preservation of the existing structure of the ion optics. The results of computer simulations of the electron beam dissipation and ion extraction are presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Design of the injection beamline for the Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade electron beam ion source charge breeder

The design of the ion injection line connecting the electron beam ion source (EBIS) charge breeder and the Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade radio frequency quadrupole cooler-buncher at the Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System was investigated with particle tracking simulations. The injection line was configured to accommodate several differential pumping sections, individual optical components were optimized to minimize emittance growth, and the ion beam parameters were matched with the EBIS electron beam acceptance to minimize losses upon injection.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Optics modification of the electron collector for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Electron Beam Ion Source

The Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) operates with electron beam current up to 10 A and frequency up to 4-5 Hz. The observation of the vacuum conditions and the temperature of the electron repeller electrode inside the electron collector (EC) points to heavy heating of this electrode by the backscattered electrons generated by the primary electron beam on the inner surfaces of the EC. The ion optics adjacent to the EC operates at potentials of up to 50 kV and higher and the flashes of the desorbed gas may cause discharges and have detrimental effect on the vacuum conditions in the ion trap, and possible instability of the extracted ion beam. The proposed modification of the EC optics has a goal of eliminating the heating of the internal EC electrodes with preservation of the existing structure of the ion optics. The results of computer simulations of the electron beam dissipation and ion extraction are presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Ion optics of RHIC electron beam ion source

RHIC electron beam ion source has been commissioned to operate as a versatile ion source on RHIC injection facility supplying ion species from He to Au for Booster. Except for light gaseous elements RHIC EBIS employs ion injection from several external primary ion sources. With electrostatic optics fast switching from one ion species to another can be done on a pulse to pulse mode. The design of an ion optical structure and the results of simulations for different ion species are presented. In the choice of optical elements special attention was paid to spherical aberrations for high-current space charge dominated ion beams. The combination of a gridded lens and a magnet lens in LEBT provides flexibility of optical control for a wide range of ion species to satisfy acceptance parameters of RFQ. The results of ion transmission measurements are presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Demonstration of closed shell breeding of cesium ions with an electron beam ion source

An electron beam ion source serves as a charge breeder for the Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU) at the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS). The source accepts radioactive beams of 1+ or 2+ ions and raises their charge state for post-acceleration by ATLAS. The efficiency of this process impacts the length of each experiment and, hence, the type and number of experiments that can be run in each program cycle. Recent efforts to improve the charge breeding efficiency for the 80 < A < 160 species typical of CARIBU have focused on utilizing the closed shell breeding technique. Here, with this technique, the electron beam energy is manipulated to take advantage of the large gap in ionization energies at shell closures and selectively populate a single charge state. Charge breeding studies with stable cesium ions have demonstrated an absolute efficiency of 72% for Cs 27+ and a total efficiency of 93%. The Cs 27+ efficiency result represents a factor of 3 improvement over the previous best charge breeding result of 23% for Cs 27+ .

Vondrasek, R. [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), ↗
DOE OSTI2012

Development of electron beam ion source charge breeder for rare isotopes at Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade

Recently, the Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU) to the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS) was commissioned and became available for production of rare isotopes. Currently, an electron cyclotron resonance ion source is used as a charge breeder for CARIBU beams. To further increase the intensity and improve the purity of neutron-rich ion beams accelerated by ATLAS, we are developing a high-efficiency charge breeder for CARIBU based on an electron beam ion source (EBIS). The CARIBU EBIS charge breeder will utilize the state-of-the-art EBIS technology recently developed at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The electron beam current density in the CARIBU EBIS trap will be significantly higher than that in existing operational charge-state breeders based on the EBIS concept. The design of the CARIBU EBIS charge breeder is nearly complete. Long-lead components of the EBIS such as a 6-T superconducting solenoid and an electron gun have been ordered with the delivery schedule in the fall of 2011. Measurements of expected breeding efficiency using the BNL Test EBIS have been performed using a Cs{sup +} surface ionization ion source for external injection in pulsed mode. In these experiments we have achieved {approx}70% injection/extraction efficiency and breeding efficiency into the most abundant charge state of {approx}17%.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Fast and efficient charge breeding of the Californium rare isotope breeder upgrade electron beam ion source

The Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS), developed to breed Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU) radioactive beams at Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS), is being tested off-line. A unique property of the EBIS is a combination of short breeding times, high repetition rates, and a large acceptance. Overall, we have implemented many innovative features during the design and construction of the CARIBU EBIS as compared to the existing EBIS breeders. The off-line charge breeding tests are being performed using a surface ionization source that produces singly charged cesium ions. The main goal of the off-line commissioning is to demonstrate stable operation of the EBIS at a 10 Hz repetition rate and a breeding efficiency into single charge state higher than 15%. These goals have been successfully achieved and exceeded. We have measured (20% ± 0.7%) breeding efficiency into the single charge state of 28+ cesium ions with the breeding time of 28 ms. In general, the current CARIBU EBIS operational parameters can provide charge breeding of any ions in the full mass range of periodic table with high efficiency, short breeding times, and sufficiently low charge-to-mass ratio, 1/6.3 for the heaviest masses, for further acceleration in ATLAS. In this study, we discuss the parameters of the EBIS and the charge breeding results in a pulsed injection mode with repetition rates up to 10 Hz.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2014

A compact, versatile low-energy electron beam ion source

A new compact Electron Beam Ion Source, the Dresden EBIT-LE, is introduced as an ion source working at low electron beam energies. The EBIT-LE operates at an electron energy ranging from 100 eV to some keV and can easily be modified to an EBIT also working at higher electron beam energies of up to 15 keV. We show that, depending on the electron beam energy, electron beam currents from a few mA in the low-energy regime up to about 40 mA in the high-energy regime are possible. Technical solutions as well as first experimental results of the EBIT-LE are presented. In ion extraction experiments, a stable production of low and intermediate charged ions at electron beam energies below 2 keV is demonstrated. Furthermore, X-ray spectroscopy measurements confirm the possibility of using the machine as a source of X-rays from ions excited at low electron energies.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Cluster ion source for external injection and high capacity filling of light elements into the relativistic heavy ion collider electron beam ion source

An advanced Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) is the primary ion source to supply highly charged ion beams of different elements to the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and to the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL). Intense beams of highly charged ions of various elements of the periodic table, ranging from helium to uranium, have been demonstrated since EBIS became operational in 2010. EBIS routinely provides ion beams to RHIC and NSRL quasisimultaneously with about 1 s switching time between different ion species. Such unique flexibility and rapid switching between ion species are based on external injection of singly charged ions into the EBIS trap either in “fast” or “slow” injection modes. At present, a Laser Ion Source (LIS) provides most of the ion species of solid materials using the “fast” injection mode into the EBIS trap and a Hollow Cathode Ion Source (HCIS) provides most of the ion species of gaseous elements using the “slow” injection mode into the EBIS trap. Gas injection into the EBIS trap is also possible and has been used but imposes some restrictions for the simultaneous generation of highly charged ions such as Au 32+ ions for RHIC and ions of gaseous species for NSRL. Because light ions have relatively high velocity inside the EBIS trap, efficient injection of hydrogen and helium ions and filling of the EBIS trap to high capacity is difficult from either LIS or HCIS. To overcome this restriction and enhance EBIS operational capability, we suggest injecting beams of hydrogen and helium cluster ions into the EBIS trap. Required parameters of cluster ion beam injection into the EBIS trap are estimated, and advantages of such an injection are highlighted. A cluster ion source with required high intensity is visible and will be designed, built, optimized, and tested.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2015

First test of BNL electron beam ion source with high current density electron beam

A new electron gun with electrostatic compression has been installed at the Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) Test Stand at BNL. This is a collaborative effort by BNL and CERN teams with a common goal to study an EBIS with electron beam current up to 10 A, current density up to 10,000 A/cm{sup 2} and energy more than 50 keV. Intensive and pure beams of heavy highly charged ions with mass-to-charge ratio < 4.5 are requested by many heavy ion research facilities including NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) at BNL and HIE-ISOLDE at CERN. With a multiampere electron gun, the EBIS should be capable of delivering highly charged ions for both RHIC facility applications at BNL and for ISOLDE experiments at CERN. Details of the electron gun simulations and design, and the Test EBIS electrostatic and magnetostatic structures with the new electron gun are presented. The experimental results of the electron beam transmission are given.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Simulation and optimization of a 10 A electron gun with electrostatic compression for the electron beam ion source

Increasing the current density of the electron beam in the ion trap of the Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) in BNL's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider facility would confer several essential benefits. They include increasing the ions' charge states, and therefore, the ions' energy out of the Booster for NASA applications, reducing the influx of residual ions in the ion trap, lowering the average power load on the electron collector, and possibly also reducing the emittance of the extracted ion beam. Here, we discuss our findings from a computer simulation of an electron gun with electrostatic compression for electron current up to 10 A that can deliver a high-current-density electron beam for EBIS. The magnetic field in the cathode-anode gap is formed with a magnetic shield surrounding the gun electrodes and the residual magnetic field on the cathode is (5 Division-Sign 6) Gs. It was demonstrated that for optimized gun geometry within the electron beam current range of (0.5 Division-Sign 10) A the amplitude of radial beam oscillations can be maintained close to 4% of the beam radius by adjusting the injection magnetic field generated by a separate magnetic coil. Simulating the performance of the gun by varying geometrical parameters indicated that the original gun model is close to optimum and the requirements to the precision of positioning the gun elements can be easily met with conventional technology.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2012

Production of low-Z ions in the Dresden superconducting electron ion beam source for medical particle therapy

We report on experiments with a new superconducting electron beam ion source (EBIS-SC), the Dresden EBIS-SC, with the objective to meet the main requirements for their application in particle-therapy facilities. Synchrotrons as well as innovative accelerator concepts, such as high-gradient linacs which are driven by a large-current cyclotron (CYCLINACS) and direct drive RF linear accelerators may benefit from the advantages of EBISs in regard to their functional principle. First experimental studies of the production of low-Z ions such as H{sup +}, H{sub 2}{sup +}, H{sub 3}{sup +}, C{sup 4+}, and C{sup 6+} are presented. Particular attention is paid to the ion output, i.e., the number of ions per pulse and per second, respectively. Important beam parameters in this context are, among others, ion pulse shaping, pulse repetition rates, beam emittance, and ion energy spread.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

A particle-in-cell Monte Carlo code for electron beam ion source simulation

FAR-TECH, Inc., has developed a particle-in-cell Monte Carlo code (EBIS-PIC) to model ion motions in an electron beam ion source (EBIS). First, a steady state electron beam is simulated by the PBGUNS code (see http://far-tech.com/pbguns/index.html). Then, the injected primary ions and the ions from the background neutral gas are tracked in the trapping region using Monte Carlo method. Atomic collisions and Coulomb collisions are included in the EBIS-PIC model. The space charge potential is updated by solving the Poisson equation each time step. The preliminary simulation results are presented and compared with BNL electron beam test stand (EBTS) fast trapping experiments.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗