Dissipationless Hall current in dense quark matter in a magnetic field
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72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
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Results for “Dense quark matter”
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Generalized Beth–Uhlenbeck approach to mesons and diquarks in hot, dense quark matter
An important first step in the program of hadronization of chiral quark models is the bosonization in meson and diquark channels. This procedure is presented at finite temperatures and chemical potentials for the SU(2) flavor case of the NJL model with special emphasis on the mixing between scalar meson and scalar diquark modes which occurs in the 2SC color superconducting phase. The thermodynamic potential is obtained in the Gaussian approximation for the meson and diquark fields and it is given in the Beth–Uhlenbeck form. This allows a detailed discussion of bound state dissociation in hot, dense matter (Mott effect) in terms of the in-medium scattering phase shift of two-particle correlations. It is shown for the case without meson–diquark mixing that the phase shift can be separated into a continuum and a resonance part. In the latter, the Mott transition manifests itself by a change of the phase shift at threshold by π in accordance with Levinson’s theorem, when a bound state transforms to a resonance in the scattering continuum. The consequences for the contribution of pionic correlations to the pressure are discussed by evaluating the Beth–Uhlenbeck equation of state in different approximations. A similar discussion is performed for the scalar diquark channel in the normal phase. Further developments and applications of the developed approach are outlined.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Anyonic particle-vortex statistics and the nature of dense quark matter
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72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Domain growth and ordering kinetics in dense quark matter
The kinetics of chiral transitions in quark matter is studied in a two-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. We focus on the phase-ordering dynamics subsequent to a temperature quench from the massless quark phase to the massive quark phase. We study the dynamics by considering a phenomenological model (Ginzburg-Landau free-energy functional). The morphology of the ordering system is characterized by the scaling of the order-parameter correlation function.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Two- and three-color two-quark states in warm, dense quark matter
We study the Gaussian fluctuations of the two-flavor, meson-diquark bosonized NJL model for two and three colors at the color superconducting phase transition. The analysis is based on analytical properties of the polarization matrix. Pionic fluctuations are shown to be stabilised in the 2SC phase compared to the two-color result where they are right on threshold.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Dense Quark Matter in Magnetic Fields (Final Report)
Final Report for DOE grant DE-FG02-07ER41458. This grant was originally a three-year project. However, this final report summarizes the results of the first two years, as at the end of the second year of the grant the PIs moved to a new university and the grant was closed. The work done under the first two years of the DOE grant led to several papers and presentations. It also served to train one undergraduate and three graduate students.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Multiple scattering of heavy quarks in dense matter and the parametric prominence of drag
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Abir, Raktim↗
Final Report for Project. Quark matter under extreme conditions
The results obtained in the two years of the grant have served to shine new light on several important questions about the phases of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) under extreme conditions that include quark matter at high density, as well quark-gluon plasma at high temperatures, both in the presence of strong magnetic fields. The interest in including an external magnetic field on these studies is motivated by the generation of large magnetic fields in off-central heavy-ion collisions and by their common presence in astrophysical compact objects, the two scenarios where the physics of quark matter becomes relevant. The tasks carried out in this DOE project led us, among other things, to discover the first connection between the physics of very dense quark matter and novel materials as for instance topological insulators and Weyl semimetals; they allowed us to find a physical explanation for and a solution to a standing puzzle in the apparent effect of a magnetic field on the critical temperature of the QCD chiral transition; and they led us to establish by the first time that the core of the observed two-solar-mass neutron stars could be made up of quark matter in certain inhomogeneous chiral phases in a magnetic field and that this was consistent with current astrophysical observations. A major goal established by the Nuclear Science Advisory committee in its most recent report “Reaching for the Horizon” has been “to truly understand how nuclei and strongly interacting matter in all its forms behave and can predict their behavior in new settings.” The results found in this DOE project have all contributed to address this goal, and thus they are important for advancing fundamental knowledge in the area of nuclear physics and for enhancing our understanding of the role of strong magnetic fields in the two settings where they are most relevant, neutron stars and heavy-ion collisions.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
The physics of hot and dense quark-gluon matter
This technical report describes the work done under the DOE grant DE-FG-88ER41723 (final award number DE-SC0005645), "The physics of hot and dense quark-gluon matter", during the year of 12/01/2010 through 11/30/2011. As planned in the proposal, the performed research focused along two main thrusts: 1) topological effects in hot quark-gluon matter and 2) phenomenology of relativistic heavy ion collisions. The results of research are presented in 12 papers published in reputable refereed journals (Physical Review Letters, Physical Review, Physics Letters and Nuclear Physics). All of the performed research is directly related to the experimental programs of DOE, especially at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Much of it also has broader interdisciplinary implications - for example, the work on the non-dissipative chiral magnetic current is directly relevant for quantum computing. The attached report describes the performed work in detail.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Nonuniform phases in the ’t Hooft extended Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model
The phase diagram of cold dense quark matter is studied using the ’t Hooft extended Nambu-Jona–Lasinio Model applied to the light quark sector with a finite current mass for the strange quark (up and down are considered in the chiral limit). By relaxing the traditional uniformity assumptions and considering a modulated light quark condensate background we investigate the possible existence of non-uniform phases in this region of the phase diagram. The effects of changes in the coupling strengths of the model are studied and it is shown that the inclusion of flavour mixing combined with the finite current mass of the strange quark catalyses the appearance of the non-uniform phases, extending the domain for their existence.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Order Parameters and Color-Flavor Center Symmetry in QCD
Common lore implies that N -color QCD with massive quarks has no useful order parameters that can be nontrivial at zero baryon density. However, such order parameters do exist when there are n f quark flavors with a common mass and d ≡ g c d ( n f , N ) > 1 . These theories have a Z d color-flavor center symmetry arising from intertwined color center transformations and cyclic flavor permutations. Furthermore, the symmetry realization depends on the temperature, baryon chemical potential, and value of n f / N , with implications for conformal window studies and dense quark matter.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Emergence of a nonuniform pion condensate in the (1 + 1)-dimensional Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
The (1 + 1)-dimensional Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model describing the system of two-flavor quarks is studied in the limit of a large number of colors in the presence of a baryon chemical potential Micro-Sign and an isospin chemical potential Micro-Sign {sub I}. The possible formation of a nonuniform pion condensate in dense quark matter is considered for the cases of both the massive and the massless model.
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Dipolar molecule emulator of lattice gauge theories (Final Report)
The quantum many-body problem is a great unsolved, cross-cutting challenge in physics that is of fundamental importance. Our understanding of phenomena related to dense quark matter, in particular, is challenged by this practical intractability of classical simulations. Because of the sheer cost and challenge of performing experiments that probe the length and energy scales relevant to such physics, there are practical motivations for finding theoretical methods to address the many-body problem. One promising approach is based on the use of a programmable and controllable analog quantum systems to emulate the physics of many-body problems of interest. While there are currently broad efforts to develop mid- to large-scale quantum computers, we are still likely many years away from such devices outperforming classical supercomputers for useful calculations. Even though digital quantum computers are still at a stage too premature for such tasks, approaches based on analog quantum simulators have advanced rapidly over the past two decades and can now treat many-body problems of interest on small- to medium-scale systems. Tackling the challenging many-body problems of relevance to high energy physics represents one of the great new opportunities and challenges for the field of analog quantum simulation. To address this challenge, this award brought together an interdisciplinary team of physicists with expertise in high energy theory (El-Khadra and Draper), computational and condensed matter physics (Clark), and experimental quantum and atomic, molecular, optical (AMO) science (DeMarco and Gadway), with the goal of developing realistic and optimized strategies for the analog quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories using cold atoms and molecules. This track 1 project included both theoretical and experimental goals, stated as follows. The theory goals were to "develop and verify a novel approach to quantum emulation of (1+1)d quantum link models, based on arrays of trapped quantum spins with long-range interactions." This final project report details the progress made under this award, as well as new research directions developed under this award.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Instanton Effects in Euclidean vacuum, Real Time Production, and in the Light-front Wave Functions
Nontrivial topological structures of non-Abelian gauge fields were discovered in the 1970s. Instanton solutions, describing vacuum tunneling through topological barriers, have fermionic zero modes which are at the origin of ‘t Hooft effective Lagrangian. In the 1980s, instanton ensembles have been used to explain chiral symmetry breaking. In the 1990s, a large set of numerical simulations were performed deriving Euclidean correlation functions. The special role of scalar diquarks in nucleons and color superconductivity in dense quark matter has been elucidated. In these lectures, we discuss further developments of physics related to gauge topology. We show that the instanton–anti-instanton “streamline” configurations describe “sphaleron transitions” in high-energy collisions, which result in production of hadronic clusters with nontrivial topological/chiral charges. (They are not yet observed, but discussions of dedicated experiments at the LHC and RHIC are ongoing.) Another new direction is instanton effects in hadronic spectroscopy, both in the rest frame and on the light front. We will discuss their role in central and spin-dependent potentials, form factors and antiquark nuclear “sea”. Finally, we summarize the advances in the semiclassical theory of deconfinement, and chiral phase transitions at finite temperature, in QCD, and in some of its “deformed” versions.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Equation of State and Energy Loss of Hot and Dense Quark-Gluon matter from Holographic Black Holes
By using gravity/gauge correspondence, we construct a holographic model, constrained to mimic the lattice QCD equation of state at zero density, to investigate the temperature and baryon chemical potential dependence of the equation of state. We also obtained the energy loss of light and heavy partons within the hot and dense plasma represented by the heavy quark drag force, Langevin diffusion coefficients and jet quenching parameter at the critical point and across the first-order transition line predicted by the model.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Chirally symmetric and confining dense matter with a diffused quark Fermi surface
It is possible that at low temperatures and large density there exists a confining matter with restored chiral symmetry, just after the dense nuclear matter with broken chiral symmetry. Such a phase has, so far, been studied within a confining and chirally symmetric model, assuming a rigid quark Fermi surface. In the confining quarkyonic matter, however, near the Fermi surface, quarks group into color-singlet baryons. Interaction between quarks leads to a diffusion of the quark Fermi surface. Here, we study effects of such diffusion and verify that it does not destroy a possible existence of a confining but chirally symmetric matter at low temperatures.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Higgs-confinement phase transitions with fundamental representation matter
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72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗