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Materials Data on Cu2S by Materials Project

Cu2S crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Cu2S sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. there are twelve inequivalent Cu1+ sites. In the first Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The Cu–S bond length is 2.33 Å. In the second Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing CuS4 trigonal pyramids. There are a spread of Cu–S bond distances ranging from 2.25–2.64 Å. In the third Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The Cu–S bond length is 2.26 Å. In the fourth Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.35 Å) and one longer (2.36 Å) Cu–S bond lengths. In the fifth Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three S2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–S bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.61 Å. In the sixth Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three S2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–S bond distances ranging from 2.20–2.27 Å. In the seventh Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The Cu–S bond length is 2.23 Å. In the eighth Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three S2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–S bond distances ranging from 2.30–2.33 Å. In the ninth Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.23 Å) and one longer (2.24 Å) Cu–S bond lengths. In the tenth Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three S2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–S bond distances ranging from 2.23–2.33 Å. In the eleventh Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The Cu–S bond length is 2.25 Å. In the twelfth Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.17 Å) and one longer (2.19 Å) Cu–S bond lengths. There are six inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Cu1+ and one S2- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.12 Å. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Cu1+ atoms. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Cu1+ and one S2- atom. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted pentagonal planar geometry to five Cu1+ atoms. In the fifth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Cu1+ atoms. In the sixth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Cu1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Cu2S by Materials Project

Cu2S crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Cu1+ sites. In the first Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three equivalent S2- atoms. All Cu–S bond lengths are 2.45 Å. In the second Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded to five equivalent S2- atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing CuS5 trigonal bipyramids. There are three shorter (2.45 Å) and two longer (2.68 Å) Cu–S bond lengths. S2- is bonded to eight Cu1+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing SCu8 hexagonal bipyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Cu2S by Materials Project

Cu2S crystallizes in the tetragonal P4_32_12 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cu1+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three equivalent S2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–S bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.32 Å. S2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Cu1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Cu2S by Materials Project

Cu2S crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Cu1+ sites. In the first Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent S2- atoms. Both Cu–S bond lengths are 2.19 Å. In the second Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three equivalent S2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.26 Å) and one longer (2.40 Å) Cu–S bond lengths. S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Cu1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Cu2S by Materials Project

Cu2S crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Cu1+ sites. In the first Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent S2- atoms. Both Cu–S bond lengths are 2.21 Å. In the second Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent S2- atoms. Both Cu–S bond lengths are 2.15 Å. In the third Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent S2- atoms. Both Cu–S bond lengths are 2.15 Å. S2- is bonded to four Cu1+ atoms to form distorted corner-sharing SCu4 trigonal pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Evaluating Iodine Immobilization Technologies: Cermets, Polycermets, and Polyhalmets

The work in this report documents the efforts conducted to assess the feasibility of some of the ideas documented in Pacific Northwest National Laboratory invention disclosure reports (IDRs) including: 1) Iodine capture in polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-containing composite sorbents (32451-E). In this work, the composites evaluated included Ag0, Bi0, Cu0, Bi2S3, and Cu2S embedded in PAN. 2) Metal iodide removal from these sorbents through dissolution in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (32729-E). In this work, PAN dissolution was evaluated for multiple types of sorbents including Ag-Pan, Bi-PAN, Cu-PAN, Bi2S3-PAN, and Cu2S-PAN. 3) Using metal-sulfide sorbents for iodine capture (32647-E). In this work, the composites evaluated under this IDR included Ag2S, Bi2S3, and Cu2S embedded in PAN. 4) Using low-melting metals to immobilize (encapsulate) iodine-loaded and polymer-containing sorbents into polymer-ceramic-metal (called polycermet) or polymer-halide-metal (called polyhalmet) composite waste forms (32625-E). In this work, the iodine-loaded PAN composites included AgI-PAN, BiI-PAN, and CuI-PAN. 5) Ceramic-metal composite waste form synthesis of polymer-containing materials using low-melting metals like bismuth, tin, or bismuth-tin alloys (32537-E). In this work, the metals evaluated included Bi, 58Bi-42Sn eutectic. 6) Cermets for immobilizing commercial sorbents loaded with radioiodine (32806-E). In this work, AgIX (iodine-loaded silver faujasite zeolite) was evaluated in cermet form.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗

Biomineralization of Cu 2 S Nanoparticles by Geobacter sulfurreducens

Biomineralization of Cu has been shown to control contaminant dynamics and transport in soils. However, very little is known about the role that subsurface microorganisms may play in the biogeochemical cycling of Cu. In this study, we investigate the bioreduction of Cu(II) by the subsurface metal-reducing bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens. Rapid removal of Cu from solution was observed in cell suspensions of G. sulfurreducens when Cu(II) was supplied, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses showed the formation of electron-dense nanoparticles associated with the cell surface. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) point analysis and EDX spectrum image maps revealed that the nanoparticles are rich in both Cu and S. This finding was confirmed by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analyses, which identified the nanoparticles as Cu 2 S. Biomineralization of Cu x S nanoparticles in soils has been reported to enhance the colloidal transport of a number of contaminants, including Pb, Cd, and Hg. However, formation of these Cu x S nanoparticles has only been observed under sulfate-reducing conditions and could not be repeated using isolates of implicated organisms. As G. sulfurreducens is unable to respire sulfate, and no reducible sulfur was supplied to the cells, these data suggest a novel mechanism for the biomineralization of Cu 2 S under anoxic conditions. The implications of these findings for the biogeochemical cycling of Cu and other metals as well as the green production of Cu catalysts are discussed.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗