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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Synthesis and Characterization of Core-Shell Cu-Ru, Cu-Rh, and Cu-Ir Nanoparticles

Optimizing the use of expensive precious metals is critical to developing sustainable and low-cost processes for heterogeneous catalysis or electrochemistry. Here, we report a synthesis method that yields core-shell Cu-Ru, Cu-Rh, and Cu-Ir nanoparticles with the platinum-group metals segregated on the surface. The synthesis of Cu-Ru, Cu-Rh, and Cu-Ir particles allows maximization of the surface area of these metals and improves catalytic performance. Furthermore, the Cu core can be selectively etched to obtain nanoshells of the platinum-group metal components, leading to a further increase in the active surface area. Characterization of the samples was performed with X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and ex situ and in situ transmission electron microscopy. CO oxidation was used as a reference reaction: the three core-shell particles and derivatives exhibited promising catalyst performance and stability after redox cycling. Furthermore, these results suggest that this synthesis approach may optimize the use of platinum-group metals in catalytic applications.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cu3Ru by Materials Project

RuCu3 is beta Cu3Ti-like structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ru is bonded to twelve Cu atoms to form RuCu12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent RuCu12 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve CuCu8Ru4 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen CuCu8Ru4 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent RuCu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve CuCu8Ru4 cuboctahedra. There are six shorter (2.61 Å) and six longer (2.63 Å) Ru–Cu bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Cu sites. In the first Cu site, Cu is bonded to four equivalent Ru and eight Cu atoms to form distorted CuCu8Ru4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent RuCu12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen CuCu8Ru4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent RuCu12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve CuCu8Ru4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent RuCu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen CuCu8Ru4 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Cu–Cu bond distances ranging from 2.58–2.67 Å. In the second Cu site, Cu is bonded to four equivalent Ru and eight Cu atoms to form distorted CuCu8Ru4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent RuCu12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen CuCu8Ru4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent RuCu12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve CuCu8Ru4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent RuCu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen CuCu8Ru4 cuboctahedra. Both Cu–Cu bond lengths are 2.58 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CuRu3 by Materials Project

Ru3Cu is beta Cu3Ti-like structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ru sites. In the first Ru site, Ru is bonded to eight Ru and four equivalent Cu atoms to form RuCu4Ru8 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent RuCu4Ru8 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent CuRu12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen RuCu4Ru8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent CuRu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen RuCu4Ru8 cuboctahedra. There are four shorter (2.63 Å) and four longer (2.70 Å) Ru–Ru bond lengths. All Ru–Cu bond lengths are 2.70 Å. In the second Ru site, Ru is bonded to eight equivalent Ru and four equivalent Cu atoms to form distorted RuCu4Ru8 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent RuCu4Ru8 cuboctahedra, corners with eight equivalent CuRu12 cuboctahedra, edges with twenty-four RuCu4Ru8 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent CuRu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve RuCu4Ru8 cuboctahedra. All Ru–Cu bond lengths are 2.63 Å. Cu is bonded to twelve Ru atoms to form CuRu12 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent CuRu12 cuboctahedra, corners with eight equivalent RuCu4Ru8 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent CuRu12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent RuCu4Ru8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent CuRu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen RuCu4Ru8 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗