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Neighborhood Keeper is a collective defense and community-wide visibility solution that provides a more effective industrial cyber defense by sharing threat intelligence at machine-speed across industries and geographic regions.
This report updates the high-level test plan for evaluating surface deposition on three commercial 32PTH2 spent nuclear fuel (SNF) canisters inside NUTECH Horizontal Modular Storage (NUHOMS) Advanced Horizontal Storage Modules (AHSMs) from Orano (formerly Transnuclear Inc.) and provides a summary of the surface sampling activities that have been conducted to date. The details contained in this report represent the best designs and approaches explored for testing as of this publication. Given the rapidly developing nature of this test program, some of these plans may change to accommodate new objectives or requirements. One goal of this testing is to collect defensible and detailed dust deposition measurements from the surface of dry storage canisters in a marine coastal environment to guide chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) research. Another goal is to provide data for the validation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based deposition modeling. To facilitate surface sampling, the otherwise highly prototypic dry storage systems will not contain SNF but rather will be electrically heated to mimic the decay heat and thermal hydraulic environment. Test and heater design is supported by detailed CFD modeling. Instrumentation throughout the canister, storage module, and environment will provide extensive information about the thermal-hydraulic behavior of horizontal dry cask storage systems. Manual sampling over a comprehensive portion of the canister surface at regular time intervals will offer detailed quantification and composition of the deposited particulates from a realistic storage environment. Discussions of a potential host site for the Canister Deposition Field Demonstration (CDFD) are ongoing. Until a host site is chosen, testing of key CDFD hardware components including the heater assemblies, power skid, and remote data acquisition system will continue. Functional testing of the finalized heater assemblies and test apparatus started this fiscal year. These initial heater tests have shown the assemblies are performing within design specifications. Staged surface sampling of a mockup of a canister outside the AHSM on a transfer skid was also performed. Refinements to the sampling procedures and techniques were captured from observation of these activities and lessons-learned debriefs. These updated sampling procedures and techniques are planned to be tested again in the field using the mockup in order to assure personnel are using the most accurate and repeatable methods possible prior to deployment for actual CDFD testing.
This report updates the high-level test plan for evaluating surface deposition on three commercial 32PTH2 spent nuclear fuel (SNF) canisters inside NUTECH Horizontal Modular Storage (NUHOMS) Advanced Horizontal Storage Modules (AHSMs) from Orano (formerly Transnuclear Inc.) and provides a description of the surface characterization activities that have been conducted to date. The details contained in this report represent the best designs and approaches explored for testing as of this publication. Given the rapidly developing nature of this test program, some of these plans may change to accommodate new objectives or requirements. The goal of the testing is to collect highly defensible and detailed dust deposition measurements from the surface of dry storage canisters in a marine coastal environment to guide chloride-induced stress corrosion crack (CISCC) research. To facilitate surface sampling, the otherwise highly prototypic dry storage systems will not contain SNF but rather will be electrically heated to mimic the decay heat and thermal hydraulic environment. Test and heater design is supported by detailed computational fluid dynamics modeling. Instrumentation throughout the canister, storage module, and environment will provide extensive information about thermal-hydraulic behavior. Manual sampling over a comprehensive portion of the canister surface at regular time intervals will offer a high-fidelity quantification of the conditions experienced in a harsh yet realistic environment. Functional testing of the finalized heater assemblies and test apparatus is set to begin in December 2022. The proposed delivery of the canisters to the host test site is June/July 2023, which is well ahead of when the AHSM installations would be completed.
The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) was requested by Savannah River Remediation (now Savannah River Mission Completion (SRMC)), through a Technical Task Request, to characterization the “as-received” Recycle Collection Tank (RCT) Sample identified as sample batch 4945 [Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) batch 796)], which was delivered to SRNL Shielded Cells on January 28, 2021. The RCT characterization data will be used as input to the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) Recycle Diversion Project. This RCT report is the first of three sample characterization reports that will be used for this DWPF Project. The other DWPF reports will involve the characterization of the Off-Gas Condensate Tank (OGCT) and the Slurry Mix Evaporator Condensate Tank (SMECT) samples.
The objectives of this study is to verify if the exposure to greater nighttime radiance is associated with changes in the sleep/wake schedule and with greater sleep disturbances. Methods: The target population was the adults (18 years and older) living in California, USA. This represents 24 million of inhabitants. A total of 3,104 subjects participated in the survey (participation rate 85.6%). The participants were interviewed by telephone using the Sleep-EVAL system. The interviews covered several topics including sleeping habits, sleep quality, sleep disturbances, physical symptoms related to menopause. Chronic insomnia was defined as difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep for at least 3 months. Global nighttime light emissions have been collected by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) sensors. We extracted the radiance calibrated nighttime lights corresponding to the date of the interviews for a three by three window centered on each coordinate corresponding to an interview address. Results: Dissatisfaction with sleep quantity and/or quality was associated with an increased nighttime radiance (p=0.02). Similarly, excessive sleepiness accompanied with impaired functioning was significantly associated with an increased nighttime radiance (p (is) less than 0.0001). The association remained significant after controlling for age, gender and use of a night lamp in the bedroom. Confusional arousals were also significantly associated with an increased nighttime radiance (p (is) less than 0.0001). Bedtime hour was linearly increasing with the intensity of nighttime radiance: the later the bedtime, the greater the nighttime radiance (p (is) less than 0.0001). Similarly, wakeup time became progressively later as the nighttime radiance increased (p (is) less than 0.0001). Both associations remained significant after controlling for age, gender and use of a night lamp in the bedroom. Circadian Rhythm Disorders were the only sleep disorder significantly associated with increased nighttime radiance (p (is) less than 0.0001). Exposure to increased nighttime light radiance appeared to cause a shift in the sleep/wake schedule, excessive sleepiness and Circadian Rhythm Disorders.
Plants are often confronted by different groups of herbivores, which threaten their growth and reproduction. However, they are capable of mounting defenses against would-be attackers which may be heightened upon attack. Resistance to insects often varies among plant species, with different genotypes exhibiting unique patterns of chemical and physical defenses. Within this framework, plant access to nutrients may be critical for maximal functioning of resistance mechanisms and are likely to differ among plant genotypes. In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that access to nutrition would alter the expression of plant resistance to insects and alter insect performance in a manner consistent with fertilization regime. We used two maize (Zea mays) genotypes possessing different levels of resistance and the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) as model systems. Plants were subjected to three fertilization regimes prior to assessing insect-mediated responses. Upon reaching V4 stage, maize plants were separated into two groups, one of which was infested with fall armyworm larvae to induce plant defenses. Plant tissue was collected and used in insect bioassays and to measure the expression of defense-related genes and proteins. Insect performance differed between the two plant genotypes substantially. For each genotype, fertilization altered larval performance, where lower fertilization rates hindered larval growth. Induction of plant defenses by prior herbivory substantially reduced naïve fall armyworm growth in both genotypes. The effects between fertilization and induced defenses were complex, with low fertilization reducing induced defenses in the resistant maize. Gene and protein expression patterns differed between the genotypes, with herbivory often increasing expression, but differing between fertilization levels. The soluble protein concentrations did not change across fertilization levels but was higher in the susceptible maize genotype. These results demonstrate the malleability of plant defenses and the cascading effects of plant nutrition on insect herbivory.
The objective of this research was to measure methane emissions from marginal well sites at various basins across the United States. The goal was to collect and evaluate representative, defensible, and repeatable data and draw quantifiable conclusions on the extent of emissions from marginal wells across oil and gas producing regions of the U.S., and to compare these results to published data on the emissions from nonmarginal wells.
More than 1,600 maps of the surfaces of planets and satellites of the solar system have been produced by the U.S. geological survey and by the defense mapping agency. This collection of maps is a unique research that has been derived from maps and data returned by a series of remarkably successful space missions. These indexes have been compiled to provide a comprehensive listing of all published maps. Many maps are out of print but copies reside in many libraries and regional planetary imaging facilities. These indexes are a valuable resource for studies of the planets and satellites, and are an important starting point for the acquisition of cartographic data.
There has been an increasing interest by the international research community to use the nighttime acquired "city-lights" data sets collected by the US Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan system to study issues relative to urbanization. Many researchers are interested in using these data to estimate human demographic parameters over large areas and then characterize the interactions between urban development , natural ecosystems, and other aspects of the human enterprise. Many of these attempts rely on an ability to accurately identify urbanized area. However, beyond the simple determination of the loci of human activity, using these data to generate accurate estimates of urbanized area can be problematic. Sensor blooming and registration error can cause large overestimates of urban land based on a simple measure of lit area from the raw data. We discuss these issues, show results of an attempt to do a historical urban growth model in Egypt, and then describe a few basic processing techniques that use geo-spatial analysis to threshold the DMSP data to accurately estimate urbanized areas. Algorithm results are shown for the United States and an application to use the data to estimate the impact of urban sprawl on sustainable agriculture in the US and China is described.
Major elements of an experiment called the Infrared Sensing Aeroheating Flight Experiment are discussed. The primary experiment goal is to provide reentry global temperature images from infrared measurements to define the characteristics of hypersonic boundary-layer transition during flight. Specifically, the experiment is to identify, monitor, and quantity hypersonic boundary layer windward surface transition of the X-33 vehicle during flight. In addition, the flight data will serve as a calibration and validation of current boundary layer transition prediction techniques, provide benchmark laminar, transitional, and fully turbulent global aeroheating data in order to validate existing wind tunnel and computational results, and to advance aeroheating technology. Shuttle Orbiter data from STS-96 used to validate the data acquisition and data reduction to global temperatures, in order to mitigate the experiment risks prior to the maiden flight of the X-33, is discussed. STS-96 reentry midwave (3-5 micron) infrared data were collected at the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization/Innovative Sciences and Technology Experimentation Facility site at NASA-Kennedy Space Center and subsequently mapped into global temperature contours using ground calibrations only. A series of image mapping techniques have been developed in order to compare each frame of infrared data with thermocouple data collected during the flight. Comparisons of the ground calibrated global temperature images with the corresponding thermocouple data are discussed. The differences are shown to be generally less than about 5%, which is comparable to the expected accuracy of both types of aeroheating measurements.
Major elements of an experiment called the Infrared Sensing Aeroheating Flight Experiment are discussed. The primary experiment goal is to provide reentry global temperature images from infrared measurements to define the characteristics of hypersonic boundary-layer transition during flight. Specifically, the experiment is to identify, monitor, and quantify hypersonic boundary layer windward surface transition of the X-33 vehicle during flight. In addition, the flight data will serve as a calibration and validation of current boundary layer transition prediction techniques, provide benchmark laminar, transitional, and fully turbulent global aeroheating data in order to validate existing wind tunnel and computational results, and to advance aeroheating technology. Shuttle Orbiter data from STS-96 used to validate the data acquisition and data reduction to global temperatures, in order to mitigate the experiment risks prior to the maiden flight of the X-33, is discussed. STS-96 reentry mid-wave (3-5 Pm) infrared data were collected at the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization/Innovative Sciences and Technology Experimentation Facility site at NASA-Kennedy Space Center and subsequently mapped into global temperature contours using ground calibrations only. A series of image mapping techniques have been developed in order to compare each frame of infrared data with thermocouple data collected during the flight. Comparisons of the ground calibrated global temperature images with the corresponding thermocouple data are discussed. The differences are shown to be generally less than about 5%, which is comparable to the expected accuracy of both types of aeroheating measurements.
This work is a demonstration of Ion Chromatography (IC) analysis of low concentrations of glycolate in chemical simulant designed to mimic the matrix in the Recycle Collection Tank (RCT) at the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) after sodium permanganate oxidation treatment. The IC method was previously developed [1] and this report covers the results of round robin testing with three analytical laboratories located at the Savannah River Site (SRS). The laboratories are termed the Sensing & Metrology (S&M) laboratory at the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL), the Processing Science Analytical Laboratory (PSAL) at SRNL, and the DWPF laboratory at SRS. Each laboratory received four samples: (1) 200 mL of 21.3 mg/L glycolate in RCT post permanganate strike sulfite quenched simulant, (2) 200 mL of 38.0 mg/L glycolate in RCT post permanganate strike sulfite quenched simulant, (3) 200 mL of 54.9 mg/L glycolate in RCT post permanganate strike sulfite quenched simulant, and (4) 600 mL of RCT post permanganate strike sulfite quenched simulant to use for matrix matched blanks.
NASA's proposed Asteroid Redirect Mission planned to demonstrate the capability to collect a large boulder from the surface of a Near Earth Asteroid, use that mass of the boulder to demonstrated enhanced asteroid deflection, and return the boulder for future exploration as part of the Asteroid Redirect Crewed Mission. In June of 2017 NASA decided not to continue the Asteroid Redirect Mission. Prior to this decision, the team had made tremendous progress on detailed designs for precision landing, active touchdown, boulder collection, and formation-flying planetary defense
The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) is planning to implement glycolic acid as a reductant within the waste processing flowsheet. An assessment of the glycolic acid flowsheet has revealed the potential for thermolytic production of hydrogen in the Concentration, Storage and Transfer Facilities (CSTF) from glycolate entrained in the DWPF recycle stream. To mitigate this potential scenario, a glycolate destruction process utilizing sodium permanganate (NaMnO 4 ) is being developed for use in the DWPF Recycle Collection Tank (RCT). The RCT is fed by the Slurry Mix Evaporator Condensate Tank (SMECT) and the Off-Gas Condensate Tank (OGCT). The SMECT could receive glycolate via a foamover from the Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) or the Slurry Mix Evaporator (SME), and the OGCT could receive glycolate via carryover of sludge particles in the purge from the melter during surge conditions. The use of NaMnO 4 additions in the RCT will result in additional manganese (Mn) in the waste stream and needs to be evaluated.
Researchers at the Savannah River National Laboratory were requested by Savannah River Mission Completion to perform laboratory testing and modeling designed to understand why the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) is not collecting elemental mercury (Hg 0 ) despite long boiling times designed to recover Hg 0 . In response to a Technical Task Request, a Task Technical and Quality Assurance Plan was written and approved to authorize this work.
Savannah River Mission Completion (SRMC) requested that researchers at Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) perform testing designed to examine why the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) is not collecting elemental mercury in the Mercury Water Wash Tank (MWWT). In order for DWPF to recover mercury, mercuric oxide must first be reduced to elemental mercury. The elemental mercury must then be steam stripped, condense, and coalesce in the Mercury Water Wash Tank (MWWT) during chemical processing in the Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT). The efficiency of these steps was investigated in a series of laboratory scale SRAT experiments under the nitric-glycolic and nitric-formic flowsheets utilizing Momentive Y-17112 and Antifoam 747. Mercury speciation in the Slurry Mix Evaporator Condensate Tank (SMECT) and condensate streams was also examined. The key conclusions from these experiments are as follows: Mercury II Oxide may not be fully reduced to elemental mercury during acid addition at 93°C. Higher temperatures, i.e., boiling may be necessary to fully reduce Mercury II Oxide. The highest percent mercury recovery (71 %) in the MWWT was observed in the MS-NGA-17112 experiment (nitric-glycolic acid flowsheet with Momentive Y-17112), which is how DWPF is currently operating the SRAT.
The temporal and spatial distribution of African savanna grassland fires has been examined, and the areal extent of these fires has been estimated for the subequatorial African continent. African savanna fires have been investigated using remote sensing techniques and imagery collected by low-light sensors on Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites and by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) which is aboard polar orbiting National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites. DMSP imagery has been used to map the evolution of savanna burning over all of the African continent and the analysis of AVHRR imagery has been used to estimate the areal extent of the burning in the southern hemispheric African savannas. The work presented primarily reflects the analysiscompleted for the year 1987. However, comparisons have been made with other years and the representativeness of the 1987 analysis is discussed.
Since 1951, the U.S. Navy, under its Project MAGNET program, has been continuously collecting vector aeromagnetic survey data to support the U.S. Defense Mapping Agency's world magnetic and charting program. During this forty-year period, a variety of survey platforms and instrumentation configurations have been used. The current Project MAGNET survey platform is a Navy Orion RP-3D aircraft which has been specially modified and specially equipped with a redundant suite of navigational positioning, attitude, and magnetic sensors. A review of the survey data collection procedures and calibration and editing techniques applied to the data generated by this suite of instrumentation will be presented. Among the topics covered will be the determination of its parameters from the low-level calibration maneuvers flown over geomagnetic observatories.