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At least 19 records

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2014

Collaborative Research. Fundamental Science of Low Temperature Plasma-Biological Material Interactions

Low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment of biological tissue is a promising path toward sterilization of bacteria due to its versatility and ability to operate under well-controlled and relatively mild conditions. The present collaborative research of an interdisciplinary team of investigators at University of Maryland, College Park (UMD), and University of California, Berkeley (UCB) focused on establishing our knowledge based with regard to low temperature plasma-induced chemical modifications in biomolecules that result in inactivation due to various plasma species, including ions, reactive radicals, and UV/VUV photons. The overall goals of the project were to identify and quantify the mechanisms by which low and atmospheric pressure plasma deactivates endotoxic biomolecules. Additionally, we wanted to understand the mechanism by which atmospheric pressure plasmas (APP) modify surfaces and how these modifications depend on the interaction of APP with the environment. Various low pressure plasma sources, a vacuum beam system and several atmospheric pressure plasma sources were used to accomplish this. In our work we elucidated for the first time the role of ions, VUV photons and radicals in biological deactivation of representative biomolecules, both in a UHV beam system and an inductively coupled, low pressure plasma system, and established the associated atomistic biomolecule changes. While we showed that both ions and VUV photons can be very efficient in deactivation of biomolecules, significant etching and/or deep modification (~200 nm) accompanied these biological effects. One of the most important findings in this work is the significant radical-induced deactivation and surface modification can occur with minimal etching. However, if radical fluxes and corresponding etch rates are relatively high, for example at atmospheric pressure, endotoxic biomolecule film inactivation may require near-complete removal of the film. These findings motivated further work at atmospheric pressure using several types of low temperature plasma sources, for which radical induced interactions generally dominate due to short mean free paths of ions and VUV photons. For these conditions we demonstrated the importance of environmental interactions when atmospheric pressure plasma sources are used to modify biomolecules. This is evident from both gas phase characterization data and in-situ surface characterization of treated biomolecules. Environmental interactions can produce unexpected outcomes due to the complexity of reactions of reactive species with the atmosphere which determines the composition of reactive fluxes and atomistic changes of biomolecules. Overall, this work clarified a richer spectrum of scientific opportunities and challenges for the field of low temperature plasma-biomolecule surface interactions than initially anticipated, in particular for plasma sources operating at atmospheric pressure. The insights produced in this work, e.g. demonstration of the importance of environmental interactions, are generally important for applications of APP to materials modifications. Thus one major contributions of this research has been the establishment of methodologies to more systematically study the interaction of plasma with bio-molecules. In particular, our studies of atmospheric pressure plasma sources using very well-defined experimental conditions enabled to combine atomistic surface modifications of biomolecules with changes in their biological function. The clarification of the role of ions, VUV photons and radicals in deactivation of biomolecules during low pressure and atmospheric pressure plasma-biomolecule interaction has broad implications, e.g. for the emerging field of plasma medicine. The development of methods to detect the effects of plasma treatment on immune-active biomolecules will be helpful in many future studies.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2014

Final Report of “Collaborative research: Fundamental science of low temperature plasma-biological material interactions” (Award# DE-SC0005105)

Low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment of biological tissue is a promising path toward sterilization of bacteria due to its versatility and ability to operate under well-controlled and relatively mild conditions. The present collaborative research of an interdisciplinary team of investigators at University of Maryland, College Park (UMD), and University of California, Berkeley (UCB) focused on establishing our knowledge on low temperature plasma-induced chemical modifications in biomolecules that result in inactivation due to various plasma species, including ions, reactive radicals, and UV/VUV photons. The overall goals of the project were to identify the mechanisms by which low and atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) deactivates endotoxic biomolecules. Additionally, we wanted to understand how deactivation processes depend on the interaction of APP with the environment. Various low pressure plasma sources, a vacuum beam system and several atmospheric pressure plasma sources were used to accomplish these objectives. In our work we elucidated for the first time the role of ions, VUV photons and radicals in biological deactivation of model endotoxic biomolecules, both in a UHV beam system and an inductively coupled, low pressure plasma system, and established the associated atomistic modifications in biomolecules. While we showed that both ions and VUV photons can be very efficient in deactivation of biomolecules, significant etching and/or deep modification (~200 nm) were accompanied by these biological effects. One of the most important findings in this work is that the significant deactivation and surface modification can occur with minimal etching using radical species. However, if radical fluxes and corresponding etch rates are relatively high, for example, at atmospheric pressure, inactivation of endotoxic biomolecule film may require near-complete removal of the film. These findings motivated further work at atmospheric pressure using several types of low temperature plasma sources with modified geometry where radical induced interactions generally dominate due to short mean free paths of ions and VUV photons. In these conditions we demonstrated the importance of environmental interactions of plasma species when APP sources are used to modify biomolecules. This is evident from both gas phase characterization data and in-situ surface characterization of treated biomolecules. Environmental interactions can produce unexpected outcomes due to the complex reactions of reactive species with the atmosphere which determine the composition of reactive fluxes and atomistic changes in biomolecules. Overall, this work elucidated a richer spectrum of scientific opportunities and challenges for the field of low temperature plasma-biomolecule surface interactions than initially anticipated, in particular, for plasma sources operating at atmospheric pressure. The insights produced in this work, e.g. demonstration of the importance of environmental interactions, are generally important for applications of APP to materials modifications. Thus one major contributions of this research has been the establishment of methodologies to study the interaction of plasma with bio-molecules in a systemic and rigorous manner. In particular, our studies of atmospheric pressure plasma sources using very well-defined experimental conditions enabled us to correlate atomistic surface modifications of biomolecules with changes in their biological function. The clarification of the role of ions, VUV photons and radicals in deactivation of biomolecules during low pressure and atmospheric pressure plasma-biomolecule interaction has broad implications, e.g. for the emerging field of plasma medicine. The development of methods to detect the effects of plasma treatment on immune-active biomolecules will lay a fundamental foundation to enhance our understanding of the effect of plasma on biological systems. be helpful in many future studies.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

DOE OSTI2024

Visioning Energy: Science Fiction Author-Energy Researcher Collaboration Workshop Recap

The Visioning Energy: Science Fiction Author-Energy Researcher Collaboration Workshop brought together speculative fiction authors and NREL researchers to examine possible scenarios of the future. The goals of the workshop were to support out-of-the-box thinking and creative future visioning for the researchers and to provide authors with insights into the latest clean energy technologies and their potential. This report outlines the proceedings of the workshop and insights from the collaborative brainstorming activity, highlighting themes and opportunities for further exploration.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

NASA NTRS2012

An Integrated and Collaborative Approach for NASA Earth Science Data

Earth science research requires coordination and collaboration across multiple disparate science domains. Data systems that support this research are often as disparate as the disciplines that they support. These distinctions can create barriers limiting access to measurements, which could otherwise enable cross-discipline Earth science. NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) is continuing to bridge the gap between discipline-centric data systems with a coherent and transparent system of systems that offers up to date and engaging science related content, creates an active and immersive science user experience, and encourages the use of EOSDIS earth data and services. The new Earthdata Coherent Web (ECW) project encourages cohesiveness by combining existing websites, data and services into a unified website with a common look and feel, common tools and common processes. It includes cross-linking and cross-referencing across the Earthdata site and NASA's Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAAC), and by leveraging existing EOSDIS Cyber-infrastructure and Web Service technologies to foster re-use and to reduce barriers to discovering Earth science data (http://earthdata.nasa.gov).

Murphy, K.↗

DOE OSTI2018

Meeting the imperative to accelerate environmental bioelectromagnetics research

Highlights: • Concerns mount about adverse health effects of low-level radiofrequency (RF) radiation. • Bioelectronics and environmental RF effects research both need an omics platform. • Standard bioelectromagnetic data models would advance dosimetry and omics work. • Steps toward developing standards and a shared research platform are proposed. In this article, the author draws on his experience in the world of geospatial information technology standards to suggest a path toward acceleration of bioelectromagnetics science. Many studies show biological effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) and radiofrequency (RF) radiation despite that fact that the radiation is too weak to cause temperature changes in biological features. Considered together in worst case scenarios, such effects, many of which appear to have long latencies, could have potentially disastrous consequences for the health and safety of humans and wildlife. Other studies show no such effects, and in both cases, often there are significant research quality deficits that make it difficult to draw firm conclusions from the data. The progress of bioelectromagnetics science is retarded by a lack of standard data models and experimental protocols that could improve the overall quality of research and make it easier for researchers to benefit from omics-related bioinformatics resources. {sup C}ertainty of safety{sup }of wireless devices used in digital communications and remote sensing (radar) is impossible without dosimetry standards that reflect the effects of non-thermal exposures. Electrical signaling in biological systems, a poorly funded research domain, is as biologically important as chemical signaling, a richly funded research domain, and these two types of signaling are inextricably connected. Entreprenuerial scientists pursuing bioelectronic innovations have begun to attract new funding. With appropriate institutional coordination, this new funding could equally benefit those investigating environmental effects of ELF and RF radiation. The author proposes a concerted effort among both bioelectronics technology stakeholders and environmental bioelectromagnetics science researchers to collaborate in developing institutional arrangements and standard data models that would give the science a stronger bioinformatics platform and give researchers better access to omics data. What is proposed here is essentially a bioelectromagnetics omics initiative.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

NASA NTRS2003

A National Virtual Specimen Database for Early Cancer Detection

Access to biospecimens is essential for enabling cancer biomarker discovery. The National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) comprises and integrates a large number of laboratories into a network in order to establish a collaborative scientific environment to discover and validate disease markers. The diversity of both the institutions and the collaborative focus has created the need for establishing cross-disciplinary teams focused on integrating expertise in biomedical research, computational and biostatistics, and computer science. Given the collaborative design of the network, the EDRN needed an informatics infrastructure. The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, the National Cancer Institute,and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) teamed up to build an informatics infrastructure creating a collaborative, science-driven research environment despite the geographic and morphology differences of the information systems that existed within the diverse network. EDRN investigators identified the need to share biospecimen data captured across the country managed in disparate databases. As a result, the informatics team initiated an effort to create a virtual tissue database whereby scientists could search and locate details about specimens located at collaborating laboratories. Each database, however, was locally implemented and integrated into collection processes and methods unique to each institution. This meant that efforts to integrate databases needed to be done in a manner that did not require redesign or re-implementation of existing system

distributed↗

NASA NTRS2022

NASA's Next Generation of Atmospheric Data Science

The Multi-Angle Imager for Aerosols (MAIA) and the Tropospheric Emission: Monitoring of Pollution(TEMPO) are NASA’s next-generation satellite missions for air quality monitoring. These missions will produce high-quality, high-resolution air quality data to support cross-displinary research. The MAIA mission is collaborating with health science researchers and epidemiologists to study the impacts of air quality on health outcomes. TEMPO aims to improve our understanding of tropospheric air pollution chemistry and our ability to make predictions about air quality and climate forcing. TEMPO will offer hourly measurements of tropospheric ozone, aerosols, and clouds focused on North America at high-spatial resolution, while MAIA will produce high-resolution measurements of speciated particulate matter targeting densely populated cities around the globe. Data from these missions will help improve our understanding of the sources, types, and interactions among the aerosols and trace gases that are polluting Earth’s atmosphere, as well as our understanding of the impact of air pollution on pollution on a wide range of important areas including human health, agriculture, weather, and climate change. The challenges of cross-disciplinary research, computationally expensive multi-variate analyses, and high-resolution data at both local and global scales are driving substantial changes across all of NASA’s Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs). High resolution data at scales such these requires a new approach to data ingest, archive, and publication. Like other NASA DAACs, the Atmospheric Science Data Center (ASDC), the DAAC that will be responsible for publishing MAIA and TEMPO data products has historically archived and distributed data on premise. DAACs of the future will archive and distribute data in the cloud, enabling them to remake themselves as research-focused data centers that will support on-demand, data-intensive computations for highly accurate retrospective analyses and predictions. Under the new paradigm, data formats and metadata must support on-demand spatial and temporal sub-setting, as well as other data transformation services such as re-gridding and re-sampling. This presentation will discuss work being done to address data formatting and metadata requirements in this dynamic new environment. In addition to the changes in data stewardship practices at the ASDC, the increased focus on supporting scientific research is driving changes in the relationship between DAACs and researchers. While the ASDC will continue to provide first rate data management and stewardship, it is increasingly focused on serving as a partner not only to the science teams that gather and produce the data it publishes, but to the researchers that use that data.

Beth Huffer↗

NASA NTRS2014

NASA's Astromaterials Database: Enabling Research Through Increased Access to Sample Data, Metadata and Imagery

The Astromaterials Acquisition & Curation Office at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) is the designated facility for curating all of NASA's extraterrestrial samples. Today, the suite of collections includes the lunar samples from the Apollo missions, cosmic dust particles falling into the Earth's atmosphere, meteorites collected in Antarctica, comet and interstellar dust particles from the Stardust mission, asteroid particles from Japan's Hayabusa mission, solar wind atoms collected during the Genesis mission, and space‐exposed hardware from several missions. To support planetary science research on these samples, JSC's Astromaterials Curation Office hosts NASA's Astromaterials Curation digital repository and data access portal [http://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/], providing descriptions of the missions and collections, and critical information about each individual sample. Our office is designing and implementing several informatics initiatives to better serve the planetary research community. First, we are re‐hosting the basic database framework by consolidating legacy databases for individual collections and providing a uniform access point for information (descriptions, imagery, classification) on all of our samples. Second, we continue to upgrade and host digital compendia that summarize and highlight published findings on the samples (e.g., lunar samples, meteorites from Mars). We host high resolution imagery of samples as it becomes available, including newly scanned images of historical prints from the Apollo missions. Finally we are creating plans to collect and provide new data, including 3D imagery, point cloud data, micro CT data, and external links to other data sets on selected samples. Together, these individual efforts will provide unprecedented digital access to NASA's Astromaterials, enabling preservation of the samples through more specific and targeted requests, and supporting new planetary science research and collaborations on the samples.

Evans, Cindy↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Modeling and Visualization of Geomagnetic Storms at the CCMC

The Community Coordinated Modeling Center is greatly expanding activities in geospace in recent years, including the addition of new models or outputs (including WACCM-X, SAMI3-TIEGCM, HYPERS, GAMERA test runs and WAM-IPE real time outputs) that expand the range of available views or analysis activities in geospace during the upcoming Solar Maximum and Heliophysics Big Year. We are now routinely adding to a library of geomagnetic storms using anew request interface for the Space Weather Modeling Framework(SWMF). We are placing continuous run model simulation outputs as run series onto the CCMC web site where look at quick-look graphics, perform online visualization and request outputs for any day covered by the results.We demonstrate examples and results of online visualization and analysis tools that are also placed onto the cloud to support Open Science and collaborative research.

Lutz Rastaetter↗

NASA NTRS2003

Program for the Increased Participation of Minorities in NASA-Related Research

The goal of this program is to increase the participation of minorities in NASA related research and "Science for the Nation s Interest". Collaborative research projects will be developed involving NASA-MSFC, National Space Science and Technology Center (NSSTC), other government agencies, industries and minority serving institutions (MSIs). The primary focus for the MSIs will be on Alabama A&M University and Tuskegee University, which are in partnership with the NSSTC. These schools have excellent Ph.D. programs in physics and materials science and engineering, respectively. The first phase of this program will be carried out at Alabama A&M University in the "Research and Development Office" in collaboration with Dr. Dorothy Huston, Vice President of Research and Development. The development assignment will be carried out at the NSSTC with Sandy Coleman/ RS01 and this will primarily involve working with Tuskegee University.A portion of the program will be devoted to identifying and contacting potential funding sources for use in establishing collaborative research projects between NASA-MSFC, other government agencies, NSSTC, industries, and MSIs. These potential funding sources include the National Science Foundation (NSF), National Institute of Health (NIH), Department of Defense (DOD), Army, Navy, and Air Force. Collaborative research projects will be written mostly in the following research areas: a. Cosmic radiation shielding materials b. Advanced propulsion material c. Biomedical materials and biosensors d. In situ resource utilization e. Photonics for NASA applications

Source record↗

NASA NTRS1996

Medical and surgical applications of space biosensor technology

Researchers in space life sciences are rapidly approaching a technology impasse. Many of the critical questions on the impact of spaceflight on living systems simply cannot be answered with the limited available technologies. Research subjects, particularly small animal models like the rat, must be allowed to function relatively untended and unrestrained for long periods to fully reflect the impact of microgravity and spaceflight on their behavior and physiology. These requirements preclude the use of present hard-wired instrumentation techniques and limited data acquisition systems. Implantable sensors and miniaturized biotelemetry are the only means of capturing the fundamental and critical data. This same biosensor and biotelemetry technology has direct application to Earth-based medicine and surgery. Continuous, on-line data acquisition and improved measurement capabilities combined with the ease and flexibility offered by automated, wireless, and portable instruments and data systems, should provide a boon to the health care industry. Playing a key role in this technology revolution is the Sensors 2000! (S2K!) Program at NASA Ames Research Center. S2K!, in collaboration with space life sciences researchers and managers, provides an integrated capability for sensor technology development and applications, including advanced biosensor technology development, spaceflight hardware development, and technology transfer and commercialization. S2K! is presently collaborating on several spaceflight projects with dual-use medical applications. One prime example is a collaboration with the Fetal Treatment Center (FTC) at the University of California at San Francisco. The goal is to develop and apply implantable chemical sensor and biotelemetry technology to continuously monitor fetal patients during extra-uterine surgery, replacement into the womb, through birth and beyond. Once validated for ground use, the method will be transitioned to spaceflight applications to remotely monitor key biochemical parameters in flight animals. Successful application of NASA implantable biosensor and biotelemetry technologies should accelerate the advancement of this and other modern medical procedures while furthering the exploration of life in space.

NASA Discipline General Space Life Sciences↗

DOE OSTI2026

LaserNetUS: A Proposal to Advance North America’s First High Intensity Laser Research Network Final Report

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2014

Computer Science Research Institute (CSRI) Summer Proceedings 2013

The Computer Science Research Institute (CSRI) brings university faculty and students to Sandia National Laboratories for focused collaborative research on computer science, computational science, and mathematics problems that are critical to the mission of the laboratories, the Department of Energy, and the United States. The CSRI provides a mechanism by which university researchers learn about and impact national— and global—scale problems while simultaneously bringing new ideas from the academic research community to bear on these important problems. A key component of CSRI programs over the last decade has been an active and productive summer program where students from around the country conduct internships at CSRI. Each student is paired with a Sandia staff member who serves as technical advisor and mentor. The goals of the summer program are to expose the students to research in mathematical and computer sciences at Sandia and to conduct a meaningful and impactful summer research project with their Sandia mentor. Every effort is made to align summer projects with the student's research objectives and all work is coordinated with the ongoing research activities of the Sandia mentor in alignment with Sandia technical thrusts. For the 2013 CSRI Proceedings, research articles have been organized into the following broad technical focus areas — Computational Mathematics and Algorithms, Combinatorial Algorithms and Visualization, Advanced Architectures and Systems Software, Computational Applications — which are well aligned with Sandia's strategic thrusts in computer and information sciences.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2022

LaserNetUS Collaboration Network—University of Rochester (Final Report)

LaserNetUS Collaborative Network established in 2018 is a network of high-power laser facilities supported by the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) and operating effectively as a user facility. Its mission is to advance and promote intense laser science and applications by providing scientists and students with broad access to unique facilities and enabling technologies, advancing the frontiers of laser-science research, and fostering collaboration among researchers and networks from around the world. Users who submit proposals through an annual call are selected by an external and independent proposal review panel (PRP) not involving personnel from any of the facilities. Besides the Omega Laser Facility at the University of Rochester’s Laboratory for Laser Energetics (UR/LLE), the network during this project period includes high-intensity laser facilities from six other universities and three national laboratories, namely, the Colorado State University (CSU), the University of Michigan (UM), the University of Nebraska at Lincoln (UNL), The Ohio State University (OSU), Université du Québec, the University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), respectively. The network facilities span a wide range in laser pulse energy, pulse duration, repetition rate, and experimental diagnostic equipment enabling innovative research in a variety of exciting areas. Details of the LaserNetUS facilities, organization and committees, events, and accomplishments can be found at the network website (https://lasernetus.org/). A very important role that the LaserNetUS fulfills is the training of students and young scientists who will be key for the future development of laser-plasma science and high-power laser technology itself. The network provides these students not only with access to the most advanced instrumentation and laser facilities, but also the opportunities to interact and collaborate with students from other institutions and with a large group of experienced scientists. As the largest university-based laser users’ facility in the world, the Omega Laser Facility at the UR/LLE has served the high-energy-density physics (HEDP) and inertial fusion science community for nearly 40 years. The multi-beam multi-kJ OMEGA EP Laser System brings unique capabilities to the LaserNetUS network. The combination of high intensity and high energy in short- and long-pulse operation together with solid or gas-jet targets and externally applied magnetic fields provides users a wide domain of experimental conditions. This award provides a total of eight shot days on OMEGA EP for LaserNetUS users. During the award period of performance (June 2019–November 2021), seven teams have fully utilized the eight shot days for their unique science experiments on OMEGA EP with a total of 83 target shots. These experiments involve 13 graduate students, two undergraduate students and six postdoctoral researchers. Results have been widely disseminated at international conferences including LaserNetUS annual meeting (~20 presentations including three invited), and in peer-reviewed journal publications (three published with several manuscripts in preparation).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

NASA NTRS2017

Science and Exploration Deep Space Gateway Workshop

We propose a workshop whose outcome is a publically disseminated product that articulates SMD investigations and HEOMD Life Science research, including international collaborations, that are made possible by the new opportunities in space that result from the Deep Space Gateway.

Exploration↗

NASA NTRS1996

Development of Collaborative Research Initiatives to Advance the Aerospace Sciences-via the Communications, Electronics, Information Systems Focus Group

The primary goal of the Adaptive Vision Laboratory Research project was to develop advanced computer vision systems for automatic target recognition. The approach used in this effort combined several machine learning paradigms including evolutionary learning algorithms, neural networks, and adaptive clustering techniques to develop the E-MOR.PH system. This system is capable of generating pattern recognition systems to solve a wide variety of complex recognition tasks. A series of simulation experiments were conducted using E-MORPH to solve problems in OCR, military target recognition, industrial inspection, and medical image analysis. The bulk of the funds provided through this grant were used to purchase computer hardware and software to support these computationally intensive simulations. The payoff from this effort is the reduced need for human involvement in the design and implementation of recognition systems. We have shown that the techniques used in E-MORPH are generic and readily transition to other problem domains. Specifically, E-MORPH is multi-phase evolutionary leaming system that evolves cooperative sets of features detectors and combines their response using an adaptive classifier to form a complete pattern recognition system. The system can operate on binary or grayscale images. In our most recent experiments, we used multi-resolution images that are formed by applying a Gabor wavelet transform to a set of grayscale input images. To begin the leaming process, candidate chips are extracted from the multi-resolution images to form a training set and a test set. A population of detector sets is randomly initialized to start the evolutionary process. Using a combination of evolutionary programming and genetic algorithms, the feature detectors are enhanced to solve a recognition problem. The design of E-MORPH and recognition results for a complex problem in medical image analysis are described at the end of this report. The specific task involves the identification of vertebrae in x-ray images of human spinal columns. This problem is extremely challenging because the individual vertebra exhibit variation in shape, scale, orientation, and contrast. E-MORPH generated several accurate recognition systems to solve this task. This dual use of this ATR technology clearly demonstrates the flexibility and power of our approach.

Knasel, T. Michael↗

NASA NTRS2010

Health Maintenance System (HMS) Hardware Research, Design, and Collaboration

The Space Life Sciences division (SLSD) concentrates on optimizing a crew member's health. Developments are translated into innovative engineering solutions, research growth, and community awareness. This internship incorporates all those areas by targeting various projects. The main project focuses on integrating clinical and biomedical engineering principles to design, develop, and test new medical kits scheduled for launch in the Spring of 2011. Additionally, items will be tagged with Radio Frequency Interference Devices (RFID) to keep track of the inventory. The tags will then be tested to optimize Radio Frequency feed and feed placement. Research growth will occur with ground based experiments designed to measure calcium encrusted deposits in the International Space Station (ISS). The tests will assess the urine calcium levels with Portable Clinical Blood Analyzer (PCBA) technology. If effective then a model for urine calcium will be developed and expanded to microgravity environments. To support collaboration amongst the subdivisions of SLSD the architecture of the Crew Healthcare Systems (CHeCS) SharePoint site has been redesigned for maximum efficiency. Community collaboration has also been established with the University of Southern California, Dept. of Aeronautical Engineering and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Hardware disbursements will transpire within these communities to support planetary surface exploration and to serve as an educational tool demonstrating how ground based medicine influenced the technological development of space hardware.

Gonzalez, Stefanie M.↗

DOE OSTI2022

A typological framework of non-floodplain wetlands for global collaborative research and sustainable use

Non-floodplain wetlands (NFWs) are important but vulnerable inland freshwater systems that are receiving increased attention and protection worldwide. However, a lack of consistent terminology, incohesive research objectives, and inherent heterogeneity in existing knowledge hinder cross-regional information sharing and global collaboration. To address this challenge and facilitate future management decisions, we synthesized recent work to understand the state of NFW science and explore new opportunities for research and sustainable NFW use globally. Results from our synthesis show that although NFWs have been widely studied across all continents, regional biases exist in the literature. We hypothesize these biases in the literature stem from terminology rather than real geographical bias around existence and functionality. To confirm this observation, we explored a set of geographically representative NFW regions around the world and characteristics of research focal areas. We conclude that there is more that unites NFW research and management efforts than we might otherwise appreciate. Furthermore, opportunities for cross-regional information sharing and global collaboration exist, but a unified terminology will be needed, as will a focus on wetland functionality. Based on these findings, we discuss four pathways that aid in better collaboration, including improved cohesion in classification and terminology, and unified approaches to modeling and simulation. In turn, legislative objectives must be informed by science to drive conservation and management priorities. Finally, an educational pathway serves to integrate the measures and to promote new technologies that aid in our collective understanding of NFWs. Our resulting framework from NFW synthesis serves to encourage interdisciplinary collaboration and sustainable use and conservation of wetland systems globally.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗