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Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations
Co(NO)2NO(NO3)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight nitric acid molecules, four nitroxyl molecules, and four Co(NO)2 clusters. In each Co(NO)2 cluster, Co3+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two N3+ and one O2- atom. There is one shorter (1.58 Å) and one longer (1.59 Å) Co–N bond length. The Co–O bond length is 1.91 Å. There are two inequivalent N3+ sites. In the first N3+ site, N3+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Co3+ atom. In the second N3+ site, N3+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Co3+ atom. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The O–O bond length is 1.25 Å. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Co3+ and one O2- atom.
CoO6(NO3)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four cobalt;hexahydrate molecules and eight nitric acid molecules.
(Co(NH3)6)4(NO3)2(Cl2)5 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight azane;cobalt molecules, twenty hydrochloric acid molecules, and four nitric acid molecules.
Na(Na(NO3)4)3(Co)4(N2)5(N5O6)2 crystallizes in the cubic P23 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of ten ammonia molecules, four cobalt molecules, one sodium molecule, one N5O6 cluster, and three Na(NO3)4 clusters. In the N5O6 cluster, there are two inequivalent N+2.50+ sites. In the first N+2.50+ site, N+2.50+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 2.11 Å. In the second N+2.50+ site, N+2.50+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three equivalent O2- atoms. All N–O bond lengths are 1.27 Å. O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two N+2.50+ atoms. In each Na(NO3)4 cluster, Na1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are four shorter (2.68 Å) and four longer (2.72 Å) Na–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent N+2.50+ sites. In the first N+2.50+ site, N+2.50+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.24 Å. In the second N+2.50+ site, N+2.50+ is bonded in a water-like geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.37 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Na1+ and one N+2.50+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Na1+, one N+2.50+, and one O2- atom. The O–O bond length is 1.32 Å. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom.
CoC4H4(NO3)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two CoC4H4(NO3)2 sheets oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. Co2+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.85–1.96 Å. There are two inequivalent C3+ sites. In the first C3+ site, C3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one N3-, one H1+, and one O2- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.29 Å. The C–H bond length is 1.10 Å. The C–O bond length is 1.32 Å. In the second C3+ site, C3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one H1+ and two O2- atoms. The C–H bond length is 1.10 Å. Both C–O bond lengths are 1.28 Å. N3- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C3+ atom. There are two inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C3+ atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C3+ atom. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Co2+ and one C3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Co2+ and one C3+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Co2+ and one C3+ atom.
The treatment of radioactive iodine released from nuclear power plants and radiological waste disposal sites is of great concern due to its high mobility and toxicity. In particular, iodide (I-) and iodate (IO3-) are the major iodine species of concern under various pHs and groundwater conditions. Herein, CoAl and NiAl layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and investigated to identify the removal mechanisms and efficiencies of both I- and IO3-. Both CoAl and NiAl LDHs exhibited rapid iodine removal processes within 20 min, following the pseudo-second-order model via ion-exchange with parent NO3- anion in the LDHs. The CoAl LDH’s maximum sorption capacities for I- and IO3- were about 1.67 and 2.16 mmol g-1, respectively, whereas for the NiAl LDH, these were about 2.10 and 2.26 mmol g-1, and they followed the Langmuir isotherm model. Interestingly, both the CoAl and NiAl LDHs showed a preferential ion-exchange affinity for IO3- over I-, which was attributed to the structural similarity of the IO3- and NO3- as well as new formation of secondary Co(or Ni)(IO3)2·2H2O phases. In addition, a desorption study indicated that the selectivity order was SO42- = IO3- = OH- > HCO3- > Cl- > NO3- = I- and demonstrated the higher retention of the IO3- than I- anion. This study provides insights into promising iodine sorbents and the different removal mechanisms of I- and IO3- using CoAl and NiAl LDHs.
VH6S2(NO3)2(H2O)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four water molecules and two VH6S2(NO3)2 clusters. In each VH6S2(NO3)2 cluster, V4+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.11 Å) and two longer (2.12 Å) V–O bond lengths. N3+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The N–S bond length is 1.54 Å. There are three inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.58 Å) H–O bond length. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.01 Å. S2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one N3+ and two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.55 Å) and one longer (1.81 Å) S–O bond length. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one V4+ and two H1+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two H1+ and one S2- atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one V4+ and one S2- atom.
MgH4S2(NO3)2(CF2)2(CH4O3F4)2(H2O)2(SO)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four difluoromethane molecules, four sulfur monoxide molecules, four water molecules, four CH4O3F4 clusters, and two MgH4S2(NO3)2 clusters. In each CH4O3F4 cluster, C4+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to one H1+ and three F1- atoms. The C–H bond length is 1.10 Å. There is two shorter (1.36 Å) and one longer (1.37 Å) C–F bond length. There are four inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one O2- and one F1- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.35 Å. The H–F bond length is 1.04 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one O2- and one F1- atom. The O–O bond length is 1.23 Å. The O–F bond length is 2.98 Å. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one O2- and one F1- atom. The O–F bond length is 2.80 Å. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three H1+ atoms. There are four inequivalent F1- sites. In the first F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ and one O2- atom. In the second F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one H1+ and one O2- atom. In the third F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. In the fourth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. In each MgH4S2(NO3)2 cluster, Mg2+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.02 Å) and two longer (2.19 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. N5+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one H1+ and one S atom. The N–H bond length is 1.05 Å. The N–S bond length is 1.55 Å. There are two inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N5+ atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S atom. The H–S bond length is 1.38 Å. S is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one N5+, one H1+, and one O2- atom. The S–O bond length is 1.53 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Mg2+ and one S atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Mg2+ and one O2- atom. The O–O bond length is 1.26 Å. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one O2- atom.
Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations
CuSnH12(NO3)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of one CuSnH12(NO3)2 ribbon oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Cu2+ is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to two equivalent N3- and two equivalent O2- atoms. Both Cu–N bond lengths are 1.98 Å. Both Cu–O bond lengths are 2.02 Å. Sn4+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sn–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.13 Å. N3- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Cu2+ and three H1+ atoms. There is two shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. There are six inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cu2+, one Sn4+, and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Sn4+ and one H1+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Sn4+ and one H1+ atom.
CuC2O4(NO)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two nitroxyl molecules and one CuC2O4 ribbon oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction. In the CuC2O4 ribbon, Cu2+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All Cu–O bond lengths are 2.06 Å. C4+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both C–O bond lengths are 1.26 Å. O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Cu2+ and one C4+ atom.
ZnH4H2(NO3)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four hydrogen molecules, eight nitric acid molecules, and four ZnH4 clusters. In each ZnH4 cluster, Zn2+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four H1+ atoms. There are a spread of Zn–H bond distances ranging from 1.54–1.58 Å. There are three inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Zn2+ atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Zn2+ atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Zn2+ atom.
Te(NO3)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two Te(NO3)2 ribbons oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction. N4+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.14 Å) and two longer (2.05 Å) N–O bond length. Te4+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All Te–O bond lengths are 1.89 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one N4+ and one Te4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N4+ atom.
Ion exchange (IX) resins are used in pump-and-treat (P&T) facilities to remove soluble groundwater contaminants. However, natural anions present at concentrations orders of magnitude higher than contaminants can compete for IX sites and impact resin lifecycles. Here, the Hanford Site’s 200 West Area P&T facility (Washington State, USA) was selected as a case study because it currently uses two IX resins: Purolite® A532E (A532E) to remove pertechnetate (TcO 4 - ) and DOWEX 21K (DOWEX) to remove uranium from groundwater. Nitrate (NO 3 - ), sulfate (SO 4 2- ), chloride (Cl - ), and carbonate (CO 3 2- ) anions have been identified to potentially compete for A532E and DOWEX IX sites. Hanford-relevant anion groundwater concentrations were used to design a series of laboratory-scale batch experiments to evaluate the impact of competing anions on resin performance and potential kinetic effects. These data are then modeled to obtain Cl--normalized equilibrium exchange coefficients (K) needed to predict IX resin performance. The work is presented in two parts, with IX performance evaluated for A532E in Part I and DOWEX in Part II. Part I results demonstrate that TcO 4 - uptake is not impacted by NO 3 - , SO 4 2- , Cl - , CO 3 2- (as HCO 3 - ) and U(VI) carbonate anions, with K TcO4-/Cl- > 4,000, likely due to the high selectivity of A532E trihexylammonium sites for the large, weakly hydrated TcO 4 - anion. Other anion K values were K NO3-/Cl- = 20, K SO4--/Cl- = 0.2, K HCO3-/Cl- = 0.09, K U/Cl- = 370–1000. These K values provide conservative parameters for predicting A532E performance, and demonstrate that, under these test conditions, A532E will remove TcO 4 - from current and future influent streams to meet groundwater treatment objectives.
PdC4H16(N2S)4(NO3)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two nitric acid molecules and one PdC4H16(N2S)4 cluster. In the PdC4H16(N2S)4 cluster, Pd2+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four S2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.35 Å) and two longer (2.37 Å) Pd–S bond lengths. There are two inequivalent C4+ sites. In the first C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two N+1.40- and one S2- atom. There is one shorter (1.32 Å) and one longer (1.33 Å) C–N bond length. The C–S bond length is 1.76 Å. In the second C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two N+1.40- and one S2- atom. There is one shorter (1.33 Å) and one longer (1.34 Å) C–N bond length. The C–S bond length is 1.72 Å. There are four inequivalent N+1.40- sites. In the first N+1.40- site, N+1.40- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.03 Å. In the second N+1.40- site, N+1.40- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. In the third N+1.40- site, N+1.40- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.02 Å. In the fourth N+1.40- site, N+1.40- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.02 Å) N–H bond length. There are eight inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. There are two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Pd2+ and one C4+ atom. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Pd2+ and one C4+ atom.
The characteristics of haze layers, which were visually observed over the central Amazon Basin during many of the Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment 2A flights in July/August 1985, were investigated by remote and in situ measurements, using the broad range of instrumentation and sampling equipment on board the Electra aircraft. It was found that these layers strongly influenced the chemical and optical characteristics of the atmosphere over the eastern Amazon Basin. Relative to the regional background, the concentrations of CO, CO2, O3, and NO were significantly elevated in the plumes and haze layers, with the NO/CO ratio in fresh plumes much higher than in the aged haze layers. The haze aerosol was composed predominantly of organic material, NH4, K(+), NO3(-), SO4(2-), and organic anions (formate, acetate, and oxalate).
CoCH17(N3O)2(NO3)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight nitric acid molecules and four CoCH17(N3O)2 clusters. In each CoCH17(N3O)2 cluster, Co3+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to five N1- and one O2- atom. There are a spread of Co–N bond distances ranging from 2.11–2.15 Å. The Co–O bond length is 1.93 Å. C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one N1- and two O2- atoms. The C–N bond length is 1.37 Å. There is one shorter (1.26 Å) and one longer (1.32 Å) C–O bond length. There are six inequivalent N1- sites. In the first N1- site, N1- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Co3+ and three H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and two longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. In the second N1- site, N1- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Co3+ and three H1+ atoms. All N–H bond lengths are 1.03 Å. In the third N1- site, N1- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Co3+ and three H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and two longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. In the fourth N1- site, N1- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Co3+ and three H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and two longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. In the fifth N1- site, N1- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Co3+ and three H1+ atoms. All N–H bond lengths are 1.03 Å. In the sixth N1- site, N1- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.02 Å) N–H bond length. There are seventeen inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the ninth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the tenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the eleventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the twelfth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the thirteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the fourteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the fifteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the sixteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the seventeenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Co3+ and one C4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom.