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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Phase diagram of CeSb 2 from magnetostriction and magnetization measurements: Evidence for ferrimagnetic and antiferromagnetic states

Cerium diantimonide (CeSb 2 ) is one of a family of rare-earth-based magnetic materials that exhibit metamagnetism, enabling control of the magnetic ground state through an applied magnetic field. At low temperatures, CeSb 2 hosts a rich phase diagram with multiple magnetically ordered phases for many of which the order parameter is only poorly understood. In this work, we report a study of its metamagnetic properties by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and magnetization measurements. We use STM measurements to characterize the sample magnetostriction with subpicometer resolution from magnetic field and temperature sweeps. This allows us to directly assess the bulk phase diagram as a function of field and temperature and relate spectroscopic features from tunneling spectroscopy to bulk phases. Our magnetostriction and magnetization measurements indicate that the low-temperature ground state at zero field is ferrimagnetic. Quasiparticle interference mapping shows evidence for a reconstruction of the electronic structure close to the Fermi energy upon entering the magnetically ordered phase.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2026

Growth-controlled twinning and magnetic anisotropy in CeSb 2

Cerium diantimonide (CeSb 2 ) is a layered heavy-fermion Kondo lattice material that hosts complex magnetism and pressure-induced superconductivity. The interpretation of its in-plane anisotropy has remained unsettled due to structural twinning, which superimposes orthogonal magnetic responses. Here, in this study, we combine controlled crystal growth with magnetization and rotational magnetometry to disentangle the effects of twinning. Nearly untwinned high-quality single crystals reveal the intrinsic in-plane anisotropy: The in-plane easy axis saturates at 𝑀 easy ⁡(4 T) ≈ 1.8 𝜇 B /Ce, while the in-plane hard axis magnetization is strongly suppressed, nearly linear, and comparable to the out-of-plane response. These results resolve long-standing discrepancies in reported magnetic measurements, in which in-plane metamagnetic transition fields and saturation magnetization varied significantly across previous studies. Growth experiments demonstrate that avoiding the proposed 𝛼 𝛽 structural transition—through Sb-rich flux and slower cooling—systematically reduces twinning. However, powder x-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis measurements show no clear evidence of a distinct 𝛽 phase. Our results establish a consistent magnetic phase diagram and provide essential constraints for crystal-electric field models, enabling a clearer understanding of the interplay between anisotropic magnetism and unconventional superconductivity in CeSb 2 .

Weber, Jan T. [Goethe University, Frankfurt (Germa↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CeSb by Materials Project

CeSb is Tetraauricupride structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ce3+ is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Sb3- atoms. All Ce–Sb bond lengths are 3.34 Å. Sb3- is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Ce3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CeSb by Materials Project

CeSb is Halite, Rock Salt structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ce3+ is bonded to six equivalent Sb3- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing CeSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. All Ce–Sb bond lengths are 3.19 Å. Sb3- is bonded to six equivalent Ce3+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing SbCe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Extremely Weakly Interacting ΔS z = 0 and ΔS z = 1 Excitations and Evidence for Fractional Quantization in a Magnetization Plateau: CeSb

The plateau at 1/3 of the saturation magnetization $M_s$ in the metamagnet CeSb is accompanied by a state of ferromagnetic layers of spins in an up-up-down sequence. We measured M and the specific heat C in the plateau, spin wave analyses of which reveal two distinct branches of excitations. Those with $ΔS_z = 1$ as measured by M, coexist with a much larger population of $ΔS_z = 0$ excitations measured by C but invisible to M. The large density of $ΔS_z = 0$ excitations, their energy gap, and their seeming lack of interaction with $ΔS_z = 1$ excitations suggest an analogy with astrophysical dark matter. Furthermore, in the middle of the plateau three sharp jumps in M(H) are seen, the size of which, $0.15 \% M_s$, is consistent with fractional quantization of magnetization per site in the down-spin layers.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗