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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ce(IO3)2 by Materials Project

Ce(O3I)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ce is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of Ce–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.64 Å. There are six inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Ce and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.90 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ce and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.83 Å. In the third O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Ce and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.87 Å. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Ce and two I atoms. There are one shorter (1.87 Å) and one longer (2.64 Å) O–I bond lengths. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to two equivalent Ce atoms. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Ce and two I atoms. There are one shorter (1.93 Å) and one longer (2.51 Å) O–I bond lengths. There are two inequivalent I sites. In the first I site, I is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four O atoms. In the second I site, I is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three O atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ce(IO3)4 by Materials Project

Ce(IO3)4 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4_2/n space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two Ce(IO3)4 ribbons oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Ce4+ is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are four shorter (2.36 Å) and four longer (2.41 Å) Ce–O bond lengths. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ce4+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.86 Å. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ce4+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.85 Å. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.81 Å. I5+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. The I–O bond length is 1.81 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ce(IO3)3 by Materials Project

Ce(O3I)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ce3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ce–O bond distances ranging from 2.40–2.89 Å. There are nine inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three I5+ atoms. There are a spread of O–I bond distances ranging from 1.87–2.77 Å. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ce3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.88 Å. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Ce3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.85 Å. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ce3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.85 Å. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ce3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ce3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.85 Å. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two I5+ atoms. There are one shorter (1.83 Å) and one longer (2.84 Å) O–I bond lengths. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ce3+ and two I5+ atoms. There are one shorter (1.85 Å) and one longer (2.86 Å) O–I bond lengths. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ce3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. There are three inequivalent I5+ sites. In the first I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. In the second I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. In the third I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Environmental remediation with functional aerogels and xerogels

Several different types of aerogel and/or xerogel scaffolds have been demonstrated as effective sorbents for the capture and immobilization of radionuclides in gaseous form [e.g., iodine gas or I2(g), Xe] as well as ionic form (e.g., Ce4+, Cs+, I–, IO3-, Rb+, Sr2+, 99Tc7+, and U6+). These scaffolds have unique properties, which include high specific surface areas, high pore volumes, varieties of pore sizes, and functionalities that provide methods for binding radionuclides through physisorption, chemisorption, or a combination thereof. This combination of properties and functionalities make these types of materials ideal scaffolds for use as sorbents for capturing radionuclides. The primary base materials that will be discussed in this chapter include Ag0-functionalized silica aerogels, Ag+-impregnated aluminosilicate aerogels, Ag0-functionalized aluminosilicate aerogels, metal-impregnated (non-Ag) aluminosilicate aerogels and xerogels, sulfide-based aerogels, and carbon-based aerogel composites. For the capture of I2(g), the materials reported herein show some of the highest iodine loadings ever reported for inorganic sorbents. For the capture of ionic species, these materials also show promise to be some of the next generations of materials for active radionuclide remediation. This progress report will describe how these materials are fabricated, the general properties of these materials, as well as an overview of how they have been used for different applications in environmental remediation of radionuclides.

aerogel, xerogel, iodine, radionuclide remediation↗