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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Raman-induced mode coupling in temporal waveguides formed by short solitons

We study the propagation of optical pulses trapped inside a temporal waveguide formed by two solitons in a dispersive nonlinear medium such as an optical fiber. The solitons are short enough that they decelerate as their spectra shift continuously toward the red side because of intrapulse Raman scattering. We show that the shape of a probe pulse trapped between the two solitons evolves in a periodic fashion, while its spectrum shifts toward the blue side. We develop a coupled-mode theory showing that such changes occur because of mode coupling induced by the deceleration of the short solitons, resulting in a curved waveguide. Here, a simplified two-mode model is used to introduce a single-parameter governing modal coupling and to find the condition under which coupling becomes weak enough that the probe pulse blue-shifts its spectrum without changes in its pulse shape.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2024

Extraordinary frequency stabilization by resonant nonlinear mode coupling

Here, we show that a self-sustained oscillator with a frequency-selective element operating with two nonlinearly coupled modes can achieve a level of frequency stability well beyond that available using single-mode operation. The system of interest consists of a self-sustained oscillator based on a nonlinear primary mode that is coupled via an internal resonance to a passive secondary mode. Analysis of a generic model for this resonance with both additive and multiplicative noises reveals that the stability improvements accrue from two sources: (i) nonlinear frequency veering in the primary mode, a classical analogue to quantum-level repulsion, that eliminates amplitude-to-frequency noise conversion; and (ii) phase cleaning of the oscillator through an intrinsic phase constraint arising from synchronization of the modes. This latter effect can significantly reduce the effects of intrinsic frequency fluctuations of the primary mode, which are not accessible by any known strategy using single-mode operation. The theoretical predictions are supported by experimental measurements of a microelectromechanical systems-based oscillator that demonstrate a reduction in oscillator line width of several orders of magnitude. This approach offers a means of optimizing frequency stability in self-sustained oscillators, which has direct implications for applications in timekeeping and sensing.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Acoustic scaling of linear and mode-coupled anisotropic flow; implications for precision extraction of the specific shear viscosity

The n th -order linear flow coefficients v n L ( n = 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ) , and the corresponding nonlinear mode-coupled ( mc ) coefficients v 4 , ( 2 , 2 ) mc , v 5 , ( 2 , 3 ) mc , v 6 , ( 3 , 3 ) mc , and v 6 , ( 2 , 2 , 2 ) mc , are studied for Pb+Pb collisions at s N N = 2.76 TeV. Both sets of coefficients suggest a common acoustic scaling pattern of exponential viscous modulation, with a rate proportional to the square of the harmonic numbers and the mean transverse momenta (respectively), and inversely proportional to the cube root of the charged particle multiplicity [ ( N ch ) 1 / 3 ] , which characterizes the dimensionless size of the systems produced in the collisions. These patterns and their associated scaling parameters offer new stringent constraints for eccentricity-independent estimates of the specific shear viscosity η s ( T ) and the viscous correction to the thermal distribution function for the matter produced in the collisions. They also give crucial constraints for extraction of the initial-state eccentricity spectrum.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Heralding efficiency and correlated-mode coupling of near-IR fiber-coupled photon pairs

We report on a systematic experimental study of heralding efficiency and generation rate of telecom-band infrared photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion and coupled to single mode optical fibers. We define the correlated-mode coupling efficiency--an inherent source efficiency--and explain its relation to heralding efficiency. For our experiment, we developed a reconfigurable computer controlled pump-beam and collection-mode optical apparatus which we used to measure the generation rate and correlated-mode coupling efficiency. The use of low-noise, high-efficiency superconducting-nanowire single-photon-detectors in this setup allowed us to explore focus configurations with low overall photon flux. The measured data agree well with theory and we demonstrated a correlated-mode coupling efficiency of 97%±2%, which is the highest efficiency yet achieved for this type of system. These results confirm theoretical treatments and demonstrate that very high overall heralding efficiencies can, in principle, be achieved in quantum optical systems. We expect that these results and techniques will be widely incorporated into future systems that require, or benefit from, a high heralding efficiency.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2012

Electron cyclotron maser emission mode coupling to the z-mode on a longitudinal density gradient in the context of solar type III bursts

A beam of super-thermal, hot electrons was injected into maxwellian plasma with a density gradient along a magnetic field line. 1.5D particle-in-cell simulations were carried out which established that the EM emission is produced by the perpendicular component of the beam injection momentum. The beam has a positive slope in the distribution function in perpendicular momentum phase space, which is the characteristic feature of a cyclotron maser. The cyclotron maser in the overdense plasma generates emission at the electron cyclotron frequency. The frequencies of generated waves were too low to propagate away from the injection region, hence the wavelet transform shows a pulsating wave generation and decay process. The intensity pulsation frequency is twice the relativistic cyclotron frequency. Eventually, a stable wave packet formed and could mode couple on the density gradient to reach frequencies of the order of the plasma frequency that allowed for propagation. The emitted wave is likely to be a z-mode wave. The total electromagnetic energy generated is of the order of 0.1% of the initial beam kinetic energy. The proposed mechanism is of relevance to solar type III radio bursts, as well as other situations, when the injected electron beam has a non-zero perpendicular momentum, e.g., magnetron.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Comparing State-Space Multivariable Controls to Multi-SISO Controls for Load Reduction of Drivetrain-Coupled Modes on Wind Turbines Through Field-Testing

In this paper we present results from an ongoing controller comparison study at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) National Wind Technology Center (NWTC). The intention of the study is to demonstrate the advantage of using modern multivariable methods for designing control systems for wind turbines versus conventional approaches. We will demonstrate the advantages through field-test results from experimental turbines located at the NWTC. At least two controllers are being developed side-by-side to meet an incrementally increasing number of turbine load-reduction objectives. The first, a multiple single-input, single-output (m-SISO) approach, uses separately developed decoupled and classicially tuned controllers, which is, to the best of our knowledge, common practice in the wind industry. The remaining controllers are developed using state-space multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) techniques to explicity account for coupling between loops and to optimize given known frequency structures of the turbine and disturbance. In this first publication from the study, we present the structure of the ongoing controller comparison experiment, the design process for the two controllers compared in this phase, and initial comparison results obtained in field-testing.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Fano-like resonance emerging from magnetic and electric plasmon mode coupling in small arrays of gold particles

In this work we theoretically and experimentally analyze the resonant behavior of individual 3 × 3 gold particle oligomers illuminated under normal and oblique incidence. While this structure hosts both dipolar and quadrupolar electric and magnetic delocalized modes, only dipolar electric and quadrupolar magnetic modes remain at normal incidence. These modes couple into a strongly asymmetric spectral response typical of a Fano-like resonance. In the basis of the coupled mode theory, an analytical representation of the optical extinction in terms of singular functions is used to identify the hybrid modes emerging from the electric and magnetic mode coupling and to interpret the asymmetric line profiles. Especially, we demonstrate that the characteristic Fano line shape results from the spectral interference of a broad hybrid mode with a sharp one. This structure presents a special feature in which the electric field intensity is confined on different lines of the oligomer depending on the illumination wavelength relative to the Fano dip. This Fano-type resonance is experimentally observed performing extinction cross section measurements on arrays of gold nano-disks. The vanishing of the Fano dip when increasing the incidence angle is also experimentally observed in accordance with numerical simulations.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Mode coupling in hybrid square-rectangular lasers for single mode operation

Mode coupling between a square microcavity and a Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity is proposed and demonstrated for realizing single mode lasers. The modulations of the mode Q factor as simulation results are observed and single mode operation is obtained with a side mode suppression ratio of 46 dB and a single mode fiber coupling loss of 3.2 dB for an AlGaInAs/InP hybrid laser as a 300-μm-length and 1.5-μm-wide FP cavity connected to a vertex of a 10-μm-side square microcavity. Furthermore, tunable single mode operation is demonstrated with a continuous wavelength tuning range over 10 nm. The simple hybrid structure may shed light on practical applications of whispering-gallery mode microcavities in large-scale photonic integrated circuits and optical communication and interconnection.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Wave mode coupling due to plasma wakes in two-dimensional plasma crystals: In-depth view

Experiments with two-dimensional (2D) plasma crystals are usually carried out in rf plasma sheaths, where the interparticle interactions are modified due to the presence of plasma wakes. The wake-mediated interactions result in the coupling between wave modes in 2D crystals, which can trigger the mode-coupling instability and cause melting. The theory predicts a number of distinct fingerprints to be observed upon the instability onset, such as the emergence of a new hybrid mode, a critical angular dependence, a mixed polarization, and distinct thresholds. In this paper we summarize these key features and provide their detailed discussion, analyze the critical dependence on experimental parameters, and highlight the outstanding issues.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2019

Connection of temporal coupled-mode-theory formalisms for a resonant optical system and its time-reversal conjugate

Temporal coupled-mode theory has been widely used to describe the physics of resonant optical systems. In general, an optical system can be constrained by energy conservation, time-reversal symmetry, and reciprocity. Most previous developments of temporal coupled-mode theory made use of all three constraints. In this paper, we consider separately the implication of each of these constraints on the parameters of temporal coupled-mode theory. For this purpose we made extensive use of the connection between a physical system and its time-reversal conjugate. This connection also indicates some of the nontrivial implications of the relation between the resonant properties of a physical system and its time-reversal conjugate. We validate these implications numerically by direct electromagnetic simulations of a guided resonance system. Furthermore, this work should enable the application of temporal coupled-mode theory to a wider range of resonant systems.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗