Zn super 65, nickel, copper, and zinc contents of the Bogou iron meteorite.
Bogou iron meteorite Ni-Cu-Zn contents determined by radiochemical methods
Heydegger, H. R.↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “COPPER 65”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Recoil Ranges of Products from Reactions of Cu65 with 11-33 Mev He3 Ions
Recoil ranges of products from reactions copper 65 with 11-35 MeV helium 3 ions
HELIUM 3↗
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 65
The evaluators present in this publication spectroscopic data and level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reactions studies for all isobars with mass number A=65. Not much is known experimentally about {sup 65}V and {sup 65}Cr, although they are expected to decay by {beta}-emission. Spin/parity assignments for {sup 65}Mn, {sup 65}Fe, {sup 65}As, and {sup 65}Se are not firmly established.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Magnetic structure of the low-dimensional magnet NaCu{sub 2}O{sub 2}: {sup 63,65}Cu and {sup 23}Na NMR studies
The magnetic structure of a quasi-one-dimensional frustrated NaCu{sub 2}O{sub 2} magnet single crystal is studied by NMR. The spatial orientation of the planar spin spirals in the copper-oxygen Cu{sup 2+}-O chains is determined, and its evolution as a function of the applied magnetic field direction is analyzed.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Role of angular momentum in the production of complex fragments in fusion and quasifission reactions
The influence of angular momentum on the competition between complete fusion followed by the decay of compound nucleus and quasifission channels is treated within the dinuclear system model. The charge distributions of the products in the reactions {sup 28}Si+{sup 96}Zr, {sup 4}He+{sup 130}Te, and {sup 40}Ca+{sup 82}Kr are predicted at bombarding energies above the Coulomb barrier. The results of calculations for the reactions {sup 93}Nb+{sup 9}Be,{sup 12}C,{sup 27}Al; {sup 84}Kr+{sup 27}Al; {sup 86}Kr+{sup 63}Cu; {sup 139}La+{sup 12}C,{sup 27}Al; and {sup 45}Sc+{sup 65}Cu are compared with the available experimental data.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Magnetic structure of low-dimensional LiCu{sub 2}O{sub 2} multiferroic according to {sup 63,65}Cu and {sup 7}Li NMR studies
The complex NMR study of the magnetic structure of LiCu{sub 2}O{sub 2} multiferroic has been performed. It has been shown that the spin spirals in LiCu{sub 2}O{sub 2} are beyond the ab, bc, and ac crystallographic planes. The external magnetic field applied along the c axis of the crystal does not change the spatial orientation of spirals in Cu{sup 2+} chains. A magnetic field of H{sub 0} = 94 kOe applied along the a and b axes rotates the planes of spin spirals in chains, tending to orient the normal n of spirals along the external magnetic field. The rotation angle of the planes of the magnetic moments are maximal at H{sub 0} Double-Vertical-Line b.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Reactions with the double-Borromean nucleus {sup 8}He
Differential cross sections for elastic-scattering and neutron-transfer reactions along with cross sections for fusion in the {sup 8}He+{sup 65}Cu system are reported at energies above the Coulomb barrier (E{sub lab}= 19.9 and 30.6 MeV). The present work demonstrates the feasibility of using inclusive measurements of characteristic in-beam {gamma} rays with low-intensity ({approx}10{sup 5} pps) radioactive ion beams to obtain the residue cross sections for fusion and neutron transfer. Exclusive measurements of {gamma} rays in coincidence with light charged particles have been used to further characterize the direct reactions induced by this double-Borromean nucleus. Coupled reaction channels calculations are used to illustrate the important role played by the transfer channels and to help in understanding the influence of the structure of {sup 8}He on the reaction mechanism.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Magnetic structure and domain conversion of the quasi-2D frustrated antiferromagnet CuCrO{sub 2} probed by NMR
We have carried out {sup 63,65}Cu NMR spectra measurements in a magnetic field up to about 15.5 T on a single crystal of the multiferroic triangular-lattice antiferromagnet CuCrO{sub 2}. The measurements were performed for perpendicular and parallel orientations of the magnetic field with respect to the c axis of the crystal, and the detailed angle dependence of the spectra on the magnetic field direction in the ab plane was studied. The shape of the spectra can be well described in the model of spiral spin structure proposed by recent neutron diffraction experiments. When the field is rotated perpendicular to the crystal c axis, we observed, directly for the first time, a remarkable reorientation of the spin plane simultaneous with rotation of the incommensurate wavevector, by quantitatively deducing the conversion of the energetically less favorable domain to a more favorable one. At high enough fields parallel to the c axis, the data are consistent with either a field-induced commensurate spiral magnetic structure or an incommensurate spiral magnetic structure with a disorder in the c direction, suggesting that high fields may have influence on interplanar ordering.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Electron screening in nickel
In order to investigate the interplay between nuclei and their surroundings we studied proton induced nuclear reactions over an energy range from 1.35 to 3.08 MeV for different environments: Ni metal and NiO insulator. The measurements were based on observation of the {gamma}-ray yields of {sup 59,61,63,64,65}Cu and {sup 58,60,62}Ni. The presented results clearly show that the metallic environment affects the fusion reactions at low energies.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Copper doping of ZnO crystals by transmutation of {sup 64}Zn to {sup 65}Cu: An electron paramagnetic resonance and gamma spectroscopy study
Transmutation of {sup 64}Zn to {sup 65}Cu has been observed in a ZnO crystal irradiated with neutrons. The crystal was characterized with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) before and after the irradiation and with gamma spectroscopy after the irradiation. Major features in the gamma spectrum of the neutron-irradiated crystal included the primary 1115.5 keV gamma ray from the {sup 65}Zn decay and the positron annihilation peak at 511 keV. Their presence confirmed the successful transmutation of {sup 64}Zn nuclei to {sup 65}Cu. Additional direct evidence for transmutation was obtained from the EPR of Cu{sup 2+} ions (where {sup 63}Cu and {sup 65}Cu hyperfine lines are easily resolved). A spectrum from isolated Cu{sup 2+} (3d{sup 9}) ions acquired after the neutron irradiation showed only hyperfine lines from {sup 65}Cu nuclei. The absence of {sup 63}Cu lines in this Cu{sup 2+} spectrum left no doubt that the observed {sup 65}Cu signals were due to transmuted {sup 65}Cu nuclei created as a result of the neutron irradiation. Small concentrations of copper, in the form of Cu{sup +}-H complexes, were inadvertently present in our as-grown ZnO crystal. These Cu{sup +}-H complexes are not affected by the neutron irradiation, but they dissociate when a crystal is heated to 900 °C. This behavior allowed EPR to distinguish between the copper initially in the crystal and the copper subsequently produced by the neutron irradiation. In addition to transmutation, a second major effect of the neutron irradiation was the formation of zinc and oxygen vacancies by displacement. These vacancies were observed with EPR.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Cu isotope fractionation during bornite dissolution: An in situ X-ray diffraction analysis
Low-temperature ore deposits exhibit a large variation in {delta}{sup 65}Cu ({approx}12{per_thousand}), and this range has been attributed, in part, to isotope fractionation during weathering reactions of primary minerals such as chalcocite and chalcopyrite. Here, we examine the fractionation of Cu isotopes during dissolution of another important Cu ore mineral, bornite, using a novel approach that combines time-resolved X-ray diffraction (XRD) and isotope analysis of reaction products. During the initial stages of bornite oxidative dissolution by ferric sulfate (< 5 mol% of total Cu leached), dissolved Cu was enriched in isotopically heavy Cu ({sup 65}Cu) relative to the solid, with an average apparent isotope fractionation ({Delta}{sub aq - min} = {delta}{sup 65}Cu{sub aq} - {delta}{sup 65}Cu{sub min}{sup 0}) of 2.20 {+-} 0.25{per_thousand}. When > 20 mol% Cu was leached from the solid, the difference between the Cu isotope composition of the aqueous and mineral phases approached zero, with {Delta}{sub aq - min}{sup 0} values ranging from - 0.21 {+-} 0.61{per_thousand} to 0.92 {+-} 0.25{per_thousand}. XRD analysis allowed us to correlate changes in the atomic structure of bornite with the apparent isotope fractionation as the dissolution reaction progressed. These data revealed that the greatest degree of apparent fractionation is accompanied by a steep contraction in the unit-cell volume, which we identified as a transition from stoichiometric to non-stoichiometric bornite. We propose that the initially high {Delta}{sub aq - min} values result from isotopically heavy Cu ({sup 65}Cu) concentrating within Cu{sup 2+} during dissolution. The decrease in the apparent isotope fractionation as the reaction progresses occurs from the distillation of isotopically heavy Cu ({sup 65}Cu) during dissolution or kinetic isotope effects associated with the depletion of Cu from the surfaces of bornite particles.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NMR study of the paramagnetic state of low-dimensional magnets LiCu{sub 2}O{sub 2} and NaCu{sub 2}O{sub 2}
A comprehensive NMR study of the magnetic properties of single crystal LiCu{sub 2}O{sub 2} (LCO) and NaCu{sub 2}O{sub 2} (NCO) is carried out in the paramagnetic region of the compounds for various orientations of single crystals in an external magnetic field. The values of the electric-field gradient (EFG) tensor, as well as the dipole and transferred hyperfine magnetic fields for {sup 63,65}Cu, {sup 7}Li, and {sup 23}Na nuclei are determined. The results are compared with the data obtained in previous NMR studies of the magnetically ordered state of LCO/NCO cuprates.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Electron screening in nickel
In order to further investigate electron screening phenomenon we studied proton induced nuclear reactions over an energy range from 1.35 to 3.08 MeV for different environments: Ni metal and NiO insulator. The measurements were based on observation of the {gamma}-ray yields of {sup 59,61,63,64,65}Cu and {sup 58,60,62}Ni. Also, we have studied the decay of {sup 61}Cu produced in the reaction {sup 60}Ni(p,{gamma}), in order to find a possible decay rate perturbation by atomic electrons and found a small difference in half-life for metallic compared to oxide environment, respectively. The present results clearly show that the metallic environment affects the fusion reactions at low energy and that it might also affect the decay rate.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Features of {sup 63,65}Cu NMR Spectra in the Local Field of Samples of CuFeS{sub 2} Semiconductor Mineral from Oceanic Sulfide Deposits
The results of studying natural samples of CuFeS{sub 2} chalcopyrite mineral from hydrothermal ore manifestations of island arcs of the Pacific Ocean by {sup 63}Cu nuclear magnetic resonance ({sup 63}Cu NMR) in a local field at room temperature are presented. The asymmetric shape of the detected resonance lines in the {sup 63}Cu NMR spectrum indicates the presence of at least two overlapping lines. The presence of two overlapping central components can be a consequence of the occurrence of regions with different types of structural distortion near the resonant nuclei. These results show that the pulsed {sup 63}Cu NMR method can be an effective method for studying the physical properties of deep-sea polymetallic sulfides of the global ocean.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Low and medium energy deuteron-induced reactions on {sup 63,65}Cu nuclei
The activation cross sections of (d,p), (d,2n), (d,3n), and (d,2p) reactions on {sup 63,65}Cu were measured in the energy range from 4 to 20 MeV using the stacked-foil technique. Then, following the available elastic-scattering data analysis that provided the optical potential for reaction cross-section calculations, an increased effort was devoted to the breakup mechanism, direct reaction stripping, and pre-equilibrium and compound-nucleus cross-section calculations, corrected for the breakup and stripping decrease of the total reaction cross section. The overall agreement between the measured and calculated deuteron activation cross sections proves the correctness of the nuclear mechanism account, next to the simultaneous analysis of the elastic-scattering and reaction data.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Modern status of photonuclear data
The reliability of experimental cross sections obtained for (γ, 1n), (γ, 2n), and (γ, 3n) partial photoneutron reactions using beams of quasimonoenergetic annihilation photons and bremsstrahlung is analyzed by employing data for a large number of medium-heavy and heavy nuclei, including those of {sup 63,65}Cu, {sup 80}Se, {sup 90,91,94}Zr, {sup 115}In, {sup 112−124}Sn, {sup 133}Cs, {sup 138}Ba, {sup 159}Tb, {sup 181}Ta, {sup 186−192}Os, {sup 197}Au, {sup 208}Pb, and {sup 209}Bi. The ratios of the cross sections of definite partial reactions to the cross section of the neutron-yield reaction, F{sub i} = σ(γ, in)/σ(γ, xn), are used as criteria of experimental-data reliability. By definition, positive values of these ratios should not exceed the upper limits of 1.00, 0.50, 0.33,... for i = 1, 2, 3,..., respectively. For many nuclei, unreliable values of the above ratios were found to correlate clearly in various photon-energy regions F{sub i} with physically forbidden negative values of cross sections of partial reactions. On this basis, one can conclude that correspondent experimental data are unreliable. Significant systematic uncertainties of the methods used to determine photoneutron multiplicity are shown to be the main reason for this. New partial-reaction cross sections that satisfy the above data-reliability criteria were evaluated within an experimental–theoretical method [σ{sup eval}(γ, in) = F{sub i}{sup theor} (γ, in) × σ{sup expt}(γ, xn)] by employing the ratios F{sub i}{sup theor} (γ, in) calculated on the basis of a combined photonuclear-reaction model. It was obtained that cross sections evaluated in this way deviate substantially from the results of many experiments performed via neutron-multiplicity sorting, but, at the same time, agree with the results of alternative activation experiments. Prospects of employing methods that would provide, without recourse to photoneutron-multiplicity sorting, reliable data on cross sections of partial photoneutron reactions are discussed.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Cryogenic experiences during W7-X HTS-current lead tests
The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) was responsible for design, production and test of the High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) current leads (CL) for the stellerator Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X). 16 current leads were delivered. Detailed prototype tests as well as the final acceptance tests were performed at KIT, using a dedicated test cryostat assembled beside and connected to the main vacuum vessel of the TOSKA facility. A unique feature is the upside down orientation of the current leads due to the location of the power supplies in the basement of the experimental area of W7-X. The HTS-CL consists of three main parts: the cold end for the connection to the bus bar at 4.5 K, the HTS part operating in the temperature range from 4.5 K to 65 K and a copper heat exchanger (HEX) in the temperature range from 65 K to room temperature, which is cooled with 50 K helium. Therefore in TOSKA it is possible to cool test specimens simultaneously with helium at two different temperature levels. The current lead tests included different scenarios with currents up to 18.2 kA. In total, 10 cryogenic test campaigns with a total time of about 24 weeks were performed till beginning of 2013. The test facility as well as the 2 kW cryogenic plant of ITEP showed a very good reliability. However, during such a long and complex experimental campaign, one has to deal with failures, technical difficulties and incidents. The paper gives a summary of the test performance comprising the test preparation and operation. This includes the performance and reliability of the refrigerator and the test facility with reference to the process measuring and control system, the data acquisition system, as well as the building infrastructure.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Benchmarking of the Updated Resolved Resonance Region Evaluations of Copper
A new resolved resonance region (RRR) evaluation for the two naturally occurring isotopes of copper, {sup 63}Cu and {sup 65}Cu was performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), and the benchmarking results based on the four highly enriched uranium (HEU), intermediate spectrum, copper-reflected Zeus experiments were presented in June 2014. Since then, two significant updates to the evaluations have been performed: first, the data for the experimental measurement of the capture cross section between 220 keV and 300 keV were renormalized and the resonance parameters were refitted. Second, the angular distribution of elastic scattering initially reported in point-wise form in File 4 of the ENDF file format with high fidelity was significantly reduced in size to allow for better computer storage. Twenty-seven criticality safety benchmarks from the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) were calculated using these updated resolved resonance region evaluations for the two isotopes of copper. (authors)
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗