Conditional symmetric instability and mesoscale rainbands
The linear theory of conditional symmetric instability (CSI) is re-examined in a rigorous framework. In comparison with symmetric instability a new feature of CSI is that the moist updraught tends to be narrow, as with conditional buoyancy instability (CBI). As the width of the moist updraught varies from its tolerance maximum to infinitesimal, the inviscid growth rate increases from zero to its maximum and the slope of the moist updraught increases from the absolute momentum surface to the moist most unstable surface. The fact that CSI circulations absorb energy from the basic shear and moist thermal field but lose energy to the dry basic thermal field is responsible for the narrow and slant feature of the moist updraught. When a bulk viscosity is accounted for, the most rapidly growing CSI modes bear a qualitative resemblance to some observed rainbands. The stability criterion of viscous CSI also shows a better comparison with observational data than inviscid CSI. The linear CSI theory here predicts that the isolated mode is preferred to other non-isolated (periodic or irregular spacing) modes. The preference of non-isolated modes is speculated to occur in the nonlinear stage.