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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on C(N2O)2 by Materials Project

C(N2O)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fdd2 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of sixteen 2-nitroguanidine molecules. C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three N atoms. There are a spread of C–N bond distances ranging from 1.34–1.40 Å. There are four inequivalent N sites. In the first N site, N is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. In the second N site, N is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. In the third N site, N is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one C4+ and one N atom. The N–N bond length is 1.41 Å. In the fourth N site, N is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one N and two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.23 Å) and one longer (1.24 Å) N–O bond length. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on C(N2O)2 by Materials Project

CN2N2O2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fdd2 space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of sixteen methanediamine molecules; sixteen N2 ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction; and twenty-four O2 ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. In each N2 ribbon, there are two inequivalent N sites. In the first N site, N is bonded in a T-shaped geometry to three N atoms. There is one shorter (1.29 Å) and two longer (1.65 Å) N–N bond length. In the second N site, N is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three N atoms. Both N–N bond lengths are 1.65 Å. In eight of the O2 ribbons, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three equivalent O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.65 Å) and one longer (2.25 Å) O–O bond length. In sixteen of the O2 ribbons, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both O–O bond lengths are 1.65 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1985

Lasing in N2O and CO2 isotope mixtures pumped by blackbody radiation

The use of N2O and CO2 isotopes as active species for a blackbody radiation pumped laser has been experimentally demonstrated and theoretically analyzed. The results obtained for mixtures containing N2O, (C-13) (O-16)2, and (C-12) (O-18)2 are presented. For the first time, continuous lasing action with blackbody radiation pumping has been obtained for this species. Two active species mixtures were tested, obtaining up to a 100 percent increase in output power due to v-v transfer. A simple model was developed and gain calculations are presented.

Sirota, J. M.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on AuC4(N2O)2 by Materials Project

AuC4(N2O)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one AuC4(N2O)2 sheet oriented in the (1, 0, 2) direction. Au2+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four C+3.50+ atoms. All Au–C bond lengths are 2.01 Å. There are two inequivalent C+3.50+ sites. In the first C+3.50+ site, C+3.50+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Au2+ and one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.17 Å. In the second C+3.50+ site, C+3.50+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Au2+ and one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.16 Å. There are two inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one C+3.50+ and one O2- atom. The N–O bond length is 2.24 Å. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one C+3.50+ and one O2- atom. The N–O bond length is 2.20 Å. O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two N3- atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Climate-carbon feedback tradeoff between Arctic and alpine permafrost under warming

Whether greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from permafrost will trigger positive climate feedbacks under warming remains unknown. Here, we synthesized the response of growing season carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions to experimentally manipulated warming of ~2°C for permafrost in alpine and Arctic regions. Warming weakened the GHG sink of alpine permafrost, thereby increasing (13%) its global warming potential, but strengthened the GHG sink of Arctic permafrost and decreased (-10%) its global warming potential. When warming caused drying of alpine permafrost soils, the CO2 sink weakened but the CH4 sink increased. In contrast, warming of relatively wet Arctic permafrost increased the CO2 sink and CH4 source. Warming led to much stronger increases of the N2O source in alpine than Arctic permafrost. Although keeping additional warming below 2°C in permafrost regions can avoid the positive permafrost-climate feedback, measures are needed to maintain fragile carbon sink of alpine permafrost ecosystems.

Bao, Tao↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on BH5C4(N2O)2 by Materials Project

(B)6(CN)4(H5(C2N)2)2(CNH2)4(CHNO2)4(N2H)4(H(CO)2)2H2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnn2 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of six boron molecules; four carbamic acid molecules; four diazene molecules; two formalin formaldehyde molecules; two hydrogen molecules; four hydrogen cyanide molecules; four methylamine molecules; and two n,n'-dimethylethylenediamine molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on H4C(N2O)2 by Materials Project

CH4(N2O)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fdd2 space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of four CH4(N2O)2 ribbons oriented in the (-1, 0, 1) direction. C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three N1- atoms. There are a spread of C–N bond distances ranging from 1.33–1.40 Å. There are four inequivalent N1- sites. In the first N1- site, N1- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one C4+ and one N1- atom. The N–N bond length is 1.28 Å. In the second N1- site, N1- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one N1- and one O2- atom. The N–O bond length is 1.36 Å. In the third N1- site, N1- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. In the fourth N1- site, N1- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.06 Å) N–H bond length. There are four inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one N1- and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.65 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one N1- and one O2- atom. The O–O bond length is 1.39 Å. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one H1+ and one O2- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on HAuC4(N2O)2 by Materials Project

AuC4H(N2O)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Au1- is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four C4+ atoms. All Au–C bond lengths are 2.01 Å. There are two inequivalent C4+ sites. In the first C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Au1- and one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.17 Å. In the second C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Au1- and one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.16 Å. There are two inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one C4+ and one O2- atom. The N–O bond length is 2.19 Å. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one C4+ and one O2- atom. The N–O bond length is 2.25 Å. H1+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both H–O bond lengths are 1.24 Å. O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two N3- and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on H4C(N2O)2 by Materials Project

CH4(N2O)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fdd2 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of sixteen 2-nitroguanidine molecules. C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three N1- atoms. There is two shorter (1.33 Å) and one longer (1.37 Å) C–N bond length. There are four inequivalent N1- sites. In the first N1- site, N1- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.02 Å. In the second N1- site, N1- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.02 Å. In the third N1- site, N1- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one C4+ and one N1- atom. The N–N bond length is 1.34 Å. In the fourth N1- site, N1- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one N1- and two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.26 Å) and one longer (1.27 Å) N–O bond length. There are four inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N1- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SiH18C4N8(O2F3)2 by Materials Project

(C2H9(N2O)2)2SiF6 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4_12_12 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight C2H9(N2O)2 clusters and four SiF6 clusters. In four of the C2H9(N2O)2 clusters, C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two N3- and one O2- atom. Both C–N bond lengths are 1.34 Å. The C–O bond length is 1.30 Å. There are two inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two equivalent H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.01 Å. There are four inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both H–O bond lengths are 1.20 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one C4+ and one H1+ atom. In four of the C2H9(N2O)2 clusters, C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two N3- and one O2- atom. Both C–N bond lengths are 1.34 Å. The C–O bond length is 1.29 Å. There are two inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.02 Å. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.02 Å. There are five inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both H–O bond lengths are 1.21 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one C4+ and one H1+ atom. In each SiF6 cluster, Si4+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six F1- atoms. There are a spread of Si–F bond distances ranging from 1.72–1.74 Å. There are three inequivalent F1- sites. In the first F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Si4+ atom. In the second F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Si4+ atom. In the third F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Si4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Na2H4PtC4Br2(N2O)2 by Materials Project

Na2PtC4H4Br2(N2O)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na1+ is bonded to four N3- and two equivalent O2- atoms to form distorted face-sharing NaN4O2 octahedra. There are a spread of Na–N bond distances ranging from 2.52–2.72 Å. There are one shorter (2.42 Å) and one longer (2.44 Å) Na–O bond lengths. Pt2- is bonded in an octahedral geometry to four C+3.50+ and two Br1- atoms. All Pt–C bond lengths are 2.02 Å. There are one shorter (2.52 Å) and one longer (2.53 Å) Pt–Br bond lengths. There are two inequivalent C+3.50+ sites. In the first C+3.50+ site, C+3.50+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Pt2- and one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.17 Å. In the second C+3.50+ site, C+3.50+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Pt2- and one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.17 Å. There are two inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na1+ and one C+3.50+ atom. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na1+ and one C+3.50+ atom. There are two inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two equivalent Na1+ and two H1+ atoms. There are two inequivalent Br1- sites. In the first Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Pt2- atom. In the second Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Pt2- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on K3ReC4(N2O)2 by Materials Project

K3ReC4(N2O)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent K1+ sites. In the first K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to four N3- and two equivalent O2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.88 Å) and two longer (2.93 Å) K–N bond lengths. Both K–O bond lengths are 2.91 Å. In the second K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two N3- and two equivalent O2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.83 Å) and one longer (2.85 Å) K–N bond lengths. There are one shorter (2.85 Å) and one longer (2.90 Å) K–O bond lengths. Re5+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both Re–O bond lengths are 1.81 Å. There are two inequivalent C2+ sites. In the first C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.18 Å. In the second C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.18 Å. There are two inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K1+ and one C2+ atom. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K1+ and one C2+ atom. O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three K1+ and one Re5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZnH8C2I2(N2O)2 by Materials Project

ZnC2H8I(N2O)2I crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of four hydriodic acid molecules and two ZnC2H8I(N2O)2 ribbons oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction. In each ZnC2H8I(N2O)2 ribbon, Zn2+ is bonded to one N3-, one O2-, and two equivalent I1- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing ZnI2NO tetrahedra. The Zn–N bond length is 2.14 Å. The Zn–O bond length is 1.94 Å. There are one shorter (2.69 Å) and one longer (2.72 Å) Zn–I bond lengths. There are two inequivalent C4+ sites. In the first C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two N3- and one O2- atom. There is one shorter (1.34 Å) and one longer (1.45 Å) C–N bond length. The C–O bond length is 1.23 Å. In the second C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two N3- and one O2- atom. Both C–N bond lengths are 1.34 Å. The C–O bond length is 1.29 Å. There are four inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.03 Å. In the third N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, one C4+, and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. In the fourth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. There are eight inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one C4+ atom. I1- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Zn2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1997

Study of the solid-phase thermal decomposition of NTO using Simultaneous Thermogravimetric Modulated Beam Mass Spectrometry (STMBMS)

The solid phase thermal reaction chemistry of NTO between 190 and 250 C is presently being evaluated by utilizing STMBMS, a technique that enables the authors to measure the vapor pressure of NTO and to explore the reaction mechanisms and chemical kinetics associated with the NTO thermal decomposition process. The vapor pressure of NTO is expressed as Log(sub 10) p(torr) = 12.5137 + 6,296.553(1/t(k)) and the Delta-H(sub subl) = 28.71 +/- 0.07 kcal/mol (120.01 +/- 0.29 kJ/mol). The pyrolysis of NTO results in the formation of gaseous products and a condensed-phase residue. The identity of the major gaseous products and their origin from within the NTO molecules are determined based on the results from pyrolysis of NTO, NTO-3-C-13, NTO-1,2- (15)N2 and NTO-(2)H2. Identification of the products show the major gaseous products to be N2, CO2, NO, HNCO, H2O and some N2O, CO, HCN and NH3. The N2 is mostly derived from the N-1 and N-2 positions with some being from the N-4 and N-1 or N-2 positions. The CO2 is derived from both carbons in the NTO molecule in comparable amounts. The residue has an elemental formula of C(2.1)H(.26)N(2.9)O and FTIR analysis suggests that the residue is polyurea- and polycarbamate- like in nature. The temporal behaviors of the rates of formation of the gaseous products indicate that the overall thermal decomposition of NTO in the temperature range evaluated involves four major processes: (1) NTO sublimation; (2) an apparent solid-solid phase transition between 190 and 195 C; (3) a decomposition regime induced by the presence of exogenous H2O at the onset of decomposition; and (4) a decomposition regime that occurs at the onset of decomposition and continues until the depletion of NTO. Decomposition pathways that are consistent with the data are presented.

Minier, L.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Band parameters of N2O and CO2 determined by whole band analysis

Whole band analysis, a method of obtaining band parameters from spectra by nonlinear least squares fitting of calculated to observed spectra, has been applied to bands of N2O and CO2. The retrieved N2 broadened widths of the 02(0)00 - 00(0) and 12(0)0 - 00(0)0 bands of N2O suggest that the air broadened widths on the AFGL listing are about 10% high. The intensities and (C-12)(O-16)2 broadened widths of the 20002-00001 and 21102-01101 bands of (C-12)(O-16)(O-18) and the 20002-00001 band of (C-12)(O-16)(O-17) have also been determined.

Hawkins, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1994

On the apparent velocity of integrated sunlight. 2: 1983-1992 and comparisons with magnetograms

We report additional results in our program to monitor the wavelength stability of lines in the 2.3 micrometer spectrum of integrated sunlight. We use the McMath Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) of the National Solar Observatory to monitor 16 delta V = 2 lines of (12)C(16)O, as well as five atomic lines. Wavenumber calibration is achieved using a low-pressure N2O absorption cell and checked against terrestrial atmospheric lines. Imperfect optical integration of the solar disk remains the principal source of error, but this error has been reduced by improved FTS/telescope collimation and observing procedures. The present results include data from an additional 13 quarterly observing runs since 1985. We continue to find that the apparent velocity of integrated sunlight is variable, in the sense of having a greater reshift at solar maximum. This is supported by the temporal dependence of the integrated light velocity, and by the presence of a correlation between velocity and the disk-averaged magnetic flux derived from Kitt Peak magnetograms. The indicated peak-to-peak apparent velocity amplitude over a solar cycle is approximately the same as the velocity amplitude of the Sun's motion about the solar system barycenter. This represents about half the amplitude which we inferred in Paper I (Deming et al. 1987), but the present result has a much greater statistical significance. Our results have implications for those investigations which search for the Doppler signatures of planetary-mass companions to solar-type stars. We contrast our results to the recent finding by McMillan et al. 1993 that solar absorption lines in the violet spectral region are wavelength-stable over the solar cycle.

Deming, Drake↗
NASA NTRS1980

Production of nitrous oxide in the auroral D and E regions

A study of nitrous oxide formation mechanisms indicates that N2O concentrations greater than 10 to the 9th per cu cm could be produced in IBC III aurora or by lower-level activity lasting for many hours, and, in favorable conditions, the N2O concentration could exceed the local nitric oxide density. An upper limit on the globally averaged N2O production rate from auroral activity is estimated at 2 x 10 to the 27th per second.

Zipf, E. C.↗