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5 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on C(ClF)2 by Materials Project

CCl2F2 is gamma plutonium structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fdd2 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight dichlorodifluoromethane molecules. C4+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to two equivalent Cl1- and two equivalent F1- atoms. Both C–Cl bond lengths are 1.76 Å. Both C–F bond lengths are 1.36 Å. Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Calibration and characterization of the line-VISAR diagnostic at the HED-HIBEF instrument at the European XFEL

In dynamic-compression experiments, the line-imaging Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector (VISAR) is a well-established diagnostic used to probe the velocity history, including wave profiles derived from dynamically compressed interfaces and wavefronts, depending on material optical properties. Knowledge of the velocity history allows for the determination of the pressure achieved during compression. Such a VISAR analysis is often based on Fourier transform techniques and assumes that the recorded interferograms are free from image distortions. In this paper, we describe the VISAR diagnostic installed at the HED-HIBEF instrument located at the European XFEL along with its calibration and characterization. It comprises a two-color (532, 1064 nm), three-arm (with three velocity sensitivities) line imaging system. We provide a procedure to correct VISAR images for geometric distortions and evaluate the performance of the system using Fourier analysis. We finally discuss the spatial and temporal calibrations of the diagnostic. As an example, we compare the pressure extracted from the VISAR analysis of shock-compressed polyimide and silicon.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2025

X-ray thermal diffuse scattering as a texture-robust temperature diagnostic for dynamically compressed solids

We present a model of x-ray thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) from a cubic polycrystal with an arbitrary crystallographic texture, based on the classic approach of Warren [B. E. Warren, Acta Crystallogr. 6, 803 (1953)]. We compare the predictions of our model with femtosecond x-ray diffraction patterns gathered from ambient and dynamically compressed rolled copper foils obtained at the High Energy Density instrument of the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser facility and find that the texture-aware TDS model yields more accurate results than does the conventional powder model owed to Warren. Nevertheless, we further show: with sufficient angular detector coverage, the TDS signal is largely unchanged by sample orientation and in all cases strongly resembles the signal from a perfectly random powder; shot-to-shot fluctuations in the TDS signal resulting from grain-sampling statistics are at the percent level, in stark contrast to the fluctuations in the Bragg-peak intensities (which are over an order of magnitude greater); and TDS is largely unchanged even following texture evolution caused by compression-induced plastic deformation. We conclude that TDS is robust against texture variation, making it a flexible temperature diagnostic applicable just as well to off-the-shelf commercial foils as to ideal powders.

Crystal lattices↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CSe(ClF)3 by Materials Project

CSe(ClF)3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbca space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight CSe(ClF)3 clusters. there are two inequivalent C2+ sites. In the first C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three F1- atoms. There is one shorter (1.33 Å) and two longer (1.34 Å) C–F bond length. In the second C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three F1- atoms. There is one shorter (1.33 Å) and two longer (1.34 Å) C–F bond length. There are two inequivalent Se4+ sites. In the first Se4+ site, Se4+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Se–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.22–2.71 Å. In the second Se4+ site, Se4+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Se–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.25–2.64 Å. There are six inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Se4+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Se4+ atom. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Se4+ atom. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Se4+ and two F1- atoms. Both Cl–F bond lengths are 3.10 Å. In the fifth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Se4+ atom. In the sixth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Se4+ and two F1- atoms. There are one shorter (3.09 Å) and one longer (3.10 Å) Cl–F bond lengths. There are six inequivalent F1- sites. In the first F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2+ and one Cl1- atom. In the second F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2+ and one Cl1- atom. In the third F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2+ and one Cl1- atom. In the fourth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2+ atom. In the fifth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2+ atom. In the sixth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2+ and one Cl1- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Femtosecond temperature measurements of laser-shocked copper deduced from the intensity of the x-ray thermal diffuse scattering

We present 50-fs, single-shot measurements of the x-ray thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) from copper foils that have been shocked via nanosecond laser ablation up to pressures above ∼135 GPa. We hence deduce the x-ray Debye–Waller factor, providing a temperature measurement. The targets were laser-shocked with the DiPOLE 100-X laser at the High Energy Density endstation of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser. Single x-ray pulses, with a photon energy of 18 keV, were scattered from the samples and recorded on Varex detectors. Despite the targets being highly textured (as evinced by large variations in the elastic scattering) and with such texture changing upon compression, the absolute intensity of the azimuthally averaged inelastic TDS between the Bragg peaks is largely insensitive to these changes, and allowing for both Compton scattering and the low-level scattering from a sacrificial ablator layer provides a reliable measurement of $T/Θ^2_D$, where Θ D is the Debye temperature. We compare our results with the predictions of the SESAME 3336 and LEOS 290 equations of state for copper and find good agreement within experimental errors. We, thus, demonstrate that single-shot temperature measurements of dynamically compressed materials can be made via thermal diffuse scattering of XFEL radiation.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗