Hot air ballon deceleration and recovery system Patent
Development and characteristics of hot air balloon deceleration and recovery system
Dunavant, J. C.↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Ballon precursor mission for Venus Surface Sample Return
This paper will discuss the basic mission and system elements of the Venus Sample Return (VSSR) mission.
Mars aerobots↗
Preliminary Report on Optical Seeing Tests at Mt. Lemmon, March - June 1971
One of the Lick Observatory Polaris telescopes was used to test seeing conditions at Mt. Lemmon. The preliminary results indicate that the seeing is not unlike that at Kitt Peak. Soundings of the air flow patterns across Mt. Lemmon under winter conditions were also made by flying smoke pots on tethered ballons to elevations of 500 feet. There does not appear to be any serious local turbulence.
Coyne, G. V.↗
Observations of medium energy gamma ray emission from the galactic center region
Measurements of the gamma-ray emission in the medium energy range between 15 and 100 MeV, obtained during two ballon flights from Brazil are presented. The importance of this energy region in determining whether pi deg - decay of electron bremsstrahlung is the most likely dominant source mechanism is discussed along with the implications of such observations. Specifically, the data from this experiment suggest that emission from the galactic plane is similar to theoretical spectrum calculations including both sources mechanisms, but with the bremsstrahlung component enhanced by a factor of about 2. A spectral distribution of gamma-rays produced in the residual atmosphere above the instrument is also presented and compared with other data. A rather smooth spectral variation from high to low energies is found for the atmospheric spectrum.
Kniffen, D. A.↗
Identification of isolated NO lines in balloon-borne infrared solar spectra
Ballon-borne infrared solar spectra at about 0.02/cm resolution show a number of atmospheric NO lines isolated from other atmospheric and solar lines in the 1830-1930/cm region. Typical spectra are presented and NO total column values are derived.
Murcray, F. J.↗
Comparison of in situ stratospheric ozone measurements obtained during the MAP/GLOBUS 1983 campaign
Data from five types of in situ ozone sensors flown aboard ballons during the MAP/GLOBUS 1983 campaign were found to agree to within 5 percent uncertainty throughout the middle atmosphere. A description of the individual techniques and the error budget is given in addition to explanations for the discrepancies found at higher and lower altitudes. In comparison to UV photometry values, results from two electrochemical techniques were found to be greater in the lower atmosphere and to be lower in the upper atmosphere. In general, olefin chemiluminescence results were within 8 percent of the UV photometry results. Ozone column contents measured by the indigo colorization technique for two altitude regions of about 6 km height were greater than measurements from other techniques by 52 and 17 percent, respectively.
Aimedieu, P.↗
A stress index model for balloon design
A NASA stress index model, SINDEX, is discussed which establishes the relative stress magnitudes along a balloon gore as a function of altitude. Application of the model to a data base of over 550 ballon flights demonstrates the effectiveness of the method. The results show a strong correlation between stress levels, failure rates, and the point of maximum stress coinciding with the observed failure locations. It is suggested that the model may be used during the balloon design process to lower the levels of stress in the balloon.
Smith, I. S.↗
An adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator for SIRTF
An adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) has been proposed to cool bolometric infrared detectors on the multiband imaging photometer of the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF). One such refrigerator has been built which uses a ferric ammonium alum salt pill suspended by nylon threads in a 3-T solenoid. The resonant modes of this suspension are above 100 Hz. The heat leak to the salt pill is less than 0.5 microW. The system has a hold time at 0.1K of more than 12 h. The cold stage temperature is regulated with a feedback loop that controls the magnetic field. A second, similar refrigerator is being built at a SIRTF prototype to fly on a ballon-borne telescope. It will use a ferromagnetic shield. The possibility of using a high-Tc solenoid-actuated heat switch is also discussed.
Timbie, P. T.↗
A long duration balloon-borne telescope for solar gamma-ray astronomy
A new solar gamma-ray telescope is described which is intended to take advantage of current long-duration ballon facilities such as the RACOON system. The primary scientific objective is to detect and measure gamma-ray lines from solar flares, along with the associated low-energy continuum. The proposed instrument is centered on a multiheaded Ge system and is designed to operate over the energy range 50 keV to 200 200 MeV. In the nuclear transition energy region, the average energy resolution of the primary detectors is over 20 times better than that achieved with the gamma-ray spectrometer on the Solar Maximum Mission satellite.
Owens, Alan↗
Ballooning instability of the earth's plasma sheet region in the presence of parallel flow
Stability of the plasma sheet and plasma sheet boundary layer against the ballooning mode instability is investigated. The equilibrium state of a two-dimensional plasma sheet configuration with parallel sheared flow is modeled. This equilibrium is shown to be ballooning unstable when delta-W is not positive definite, where delta-W is the potential energy. The eigenmode structure of the ballooning mode is found by imposing the boundary conditions that the waves are totally reflected from the ionosphere, and that no waves are coming in from infinity. The eigenmode structure of the unstable balloning modes is highly oscillatory, extending beyond about 100 R(E). The ballooning modes are thus a possible candidate for explaining the MHD waves and other dynamical events observed in the magnetotail by ISEE 3 and other spacecraft.
Lakhina, G. S.↗
Observations of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons using an imaging calorimeter
A ballon-borne magnet spectrometer system was flown for 5.5 hr at an altitude of more than 117,00 feet from Prince Albert, Saskatchewan (Canada), on 1989 September 5, when the Newark neutron monitor rate was 2952. The instrument was a modified version of the one used to observe antiprotons in 1979. The most significant modification was the addition of an imaging calorimeter, 7.33 radiation lengths thick. Inclusion of the calorimeter has significantly improved the ability to distinguish electrons and positrons from the other constituents of the cosmic rays. The absolute electron flux has been determined in the energy interval 1.3-26 GeV. The electron spectrum at the top of the atmosphere was found to be J(sub e-) = 177E(exp -(3.15+/-0.13)) electrons/ sq m/(sr s GeV) in the energy range 4.0-26 GeV. Below 4 GeV, the spectrum showed flattening, which is consistent with the effect of solar modulation. The e(+)/(e(+)+e(-)) ratio was found to be (0.11 +/- 0.03) in the energy range 5.2-13 GeV.
Golden, R. L.↗
Proceedings of the NASA Aerospace Technology Symposium 2002
Reports are presented from the NASA Aerospace Technology Symposium 2002 on the following: Geo-Referenced Altitude Hold For Latex Ballons; NASA Spaceport Research: Opportunities For space Grant and EPSCoR Involvement; Numerical Simulation Of The Combustion Of Fuel Droplets: Applications, Aircraft/Spacecraft Flight Control, Guidance Navigation; Expertise In System Dynamics and Control, Control Theory and Aerospace Education Ooutreach Opportunities; and Technology For The Improvement Of General Aviation Security: A Needs Assessmemt.
Bowen, Brent D.↗
An Overview of the EOS MLS Experiment
EOS MLS has heritage from a number of aircraft and ballon experiments, and especially from the MLS experiment on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS).
EOS MLS microwave limb sounder↗
Autonomous Mobility, Navigation, and Control for Venus Aerobots
Ballons systems which operate under robotic contol, called aerobots, offer rich potential for exploration of the planets. Telerobotics technology allows an aerobot to control its vertical motion and exploit prevailing winds to autonomously move to different planetery locations.
Control for Venus Aerobots Robotic Control Navigat↗
Envelopes for Robotic Balloon Vehicles
Use of ballons, or aerobots, is being planned for mobile exploration of planets. In this paper we focus on the development of balloon envelopes for the three classes of balloons which are being considered.
robotic balloons mobile exploration planetary expl↗
Earth Remote Sensing at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
This paper provides brief examples of research being done in these areas, in which remote sensing is used as a tool; and a description of the associated insturment and mission activities. It aslo descriges opportunities for furute interdisplinary research including interactions between the atmosphere, the land surface, and the land biosphere; and studies of the upper troposhere-lower stratosphere using data from aricraft, ballon and spaceborne sensore.
Remote Sensing↗
Balloon-Borne Observations of Mid-Latitude Hydroflouric Acid
Measurements of HF in the lower stratosphere have been made by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory MkIV interferometer on board stratospheric research ballons.
stratospheric↗