Recoil-ion detection efficiency for complex β decays studied using the Beta-decay Paul Trap
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Searches for double beta decay of Xe 134 with EXO-200
Searches for double beta decay of 134 Xe were performed with EXO-200, a single-phase liquid xenon detector designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay of 136 Xe. Using an exposure of 29.6 kg ∙ yr , the lower limits of T$2νββ\atop{1/2}$ > 8.7 × 10 20 yr and T$0νββ\atop{1/2}$ > 1.1 × 10 23 yr at 90% confidence level were derived, with corresponding half-life sensitivities of 1.2 × 10 21 yr and 1.9 × 10 23 yr . In conclusion, these limits exceed those in the literature for 134 Xe , improving by factors of nearly 10 5 and 2 for the two antineutrino and neutrinoless modes, respectively.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
The Nab experiment: A precision measurement of unpolarized neutron beta decay
Neutron beta decay is one of the most fundamental processes in nuclear physics and provides sensitive means to uncover the details of the weak interaction. Neutron beta decay can evaluate the ratio of axial-vector to vector coupling constants in the standard model, λ = gA/gV, through multiple decay correlations. The Nab experiment will carry out measurements of the electron-neutrino correlation parameter a with a precision of δa/a = 10 -3 and the Fierz interference term b to δb = 3 × 10 -3 in unpolarized free neutron beta decay. These results, along with a more precise measurement of the neutron lifetime, aim to deliver an independent determination of the ratio λ with a precision of δλ/λ = 0.03% that will allow an evaluation of Vud and sensitively test CKM unitarity, independent of nuclear models. Nab utilizes a novel, long asymmetric spectrometer that guides the decay electron and proton to two large area silicon detectors in order to precisely determine the electron energy and an estimation of the proton momentum from the proton time of flight. The Nab spectrometer is being commissioned at the Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Lab. We present an overview of the Nab experiment and recent updates on the spectrometer, analysis, and systematic effects.
Fry, Jason↗
Total Absorption Study of Beta Decays Relevant for Nuclear Applications and Nuclear Structure
An overview is given of our activities related to the study of the beta decay of neutron rich nuclei relevant for nuclear applications. Recent results of the study of the beta decay of {sup 87,88}Br using a new segmented total absorption spectrometer are presented. The measurements were performed at the IGISOL facility using trap-assisted total absorption spectroscopy.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
The Majorana Demonstrator: A Search for Neutrinoless Double-beta Decay of 76 Ge
Neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay is a hypothesized process where in some even-even nuclei it might be possible for two neutrons to simultaneously decay into two protons and two electrons without emitting neutrinos. This is possible only if neutrinos are Majorana particles, i.e. fermions that are their own antiparticles. Neutrinos being Majorana particles would explicitly violate lepton number conservation, and might play a role in the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. The observation of neutrinoless double-beta decay would also provide complementary information related to neutrino masses. The MAJORANA Collaboration is constructing the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, a 40-kg modular germanium detector array, to search for the 0νββ decay of 76Ge and to demonstrate a background rate at or below 3 counts/(ROI-t-y) in the 4 keV region of interest (ROI) around the 2039 keV Q-value for 76Ge 0νββ decay. In this paper, we discuss the physics of neutrinoless double beta decay and then focus on the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, including its design and approach to achieve ultra-low backgrounds and the status of the experiment.
Xu, W.↗
The contribution of light Majorana neutrinos to neutrinoless double beta decay and cosmology
Cosmology is making impressive progress and it is producing stringent bounds on the sum of the neutrino masses Σ, a parameter of great importance for the current laboratory experiments. In this letter, we exploit the potential relevance of the analysis of Palanque-Delabrouille et al. to the neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) search. This analysis indicates small values for the lightest neutrino mass, since the authors find Σ<84 meV at 1σ C.L., and provides a 1σ preference for the normal hierarchy. The allowed values for the Majorana effective mass, probed by 0νββ, turn out to be <75 meV at 3σ C.L. and lower down to less than 20 meV at 1σ C.L. . If this indication is confirmed, the impact on the 0νββ experiments will be tremendous since the possibility of detecting a signal will be out of the reach of the next generation of experiments.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Corrections for Exchange and Screening Effects in Low-energy Beta Decays
The beta spectra of {sup 241}Pu and {sup 63}Ni have been recently measured using metallic magnetic calorimeters. This powerful experimental technique allows theoretical beta spectra calculations to be tested at low energy with an accuracy never before achievable. Their comparison with classical beta calculations exhibits a significant deviation below 4 keV for {sup 241}Pu and 8 keV for {sup 63}Ni. The atomic exchange effect explains the main part of this deviation in the {sup 63}Ni beta spectrum. This effect has a significant contribution, equivalent to the magnitude of the screening, in the {sup 241}Pu beta spectrum.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Systematics of Evaluated Half-lives of Double-beta Decay
A new evaluation of 2β-decay half lives and their systematics is presented. These data extend the previous evaluation and include the analysis of all recent measurements. The nuclear matrix elements for 2β-decay transitions in 12 nuclei have been extracted. The recommended values are compared with the large-scale shell-model, QRPA calculations, and experimental data. A T{sub 1/2}{sup 2ν}∼1/E{sup 8} systematic trend has been observed for recommended {sup 128,130}Te values. This trend indicates similarities for nuclear matrix elements in Te nuclei and was predicted for 2β(2ν)-decay mode. The complete list of results is available online at (http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/bbdecay/)
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
First Search for Lorentz and CPT Violation in Double Beta Decay with EXO-200
Abstract Not Provided
Phenomenology-HEP, Experiment-Nucl,HEPPH↗
Nuclear Matrix Elements for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay
Neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) is a rare hypothesised process that, if discovered, would establish that the neutrino is Majorana, that is, it is its own antiparticle. Interpretation of experimental results relies on knowledge of nuclear matrix elements, whose large model uncertainty is the limiting factor in comparing measured (bounds on) half-lives to the neutrino mass. Nuclear effective field theory and lattice QCD have the potential to compute these matrix elements with better control over uncertainties, enhancing the discovery potential of next-generation $0\nu\beta\beta$ experiments. This work will survey various lattice QCD double-beta decay calculations and discuss their implications.
Grebe, Anthony V. [Fermilab] (ORCID:00000003103201↗
Status Update of the Majorana Demonstrator Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Experiment
Neutrinoless double beta decay searches play a major role in determining neutrino properties, in particular the Majorana or Dirac nature of the neutrino and the absolute scale of the neutrino mass. The consequences of these searches go beyond neutrino physics, with implications for Grand Unification and leptogenesis. The Majorana Collaboration is assembling a low-background array of high purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in 76 Ge. The Majorana Demonstrator, which is currently being constructed and commissioned at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, will contain 44 kg (30 kg enriched in 76 Ge) of HPGe detectors. Its primary goal is to demonstrate the scalability and background required for a tonne-scale Ge experiment. This is accomplished via a modular design and projected background of less than 3 cnts/tonne-yr in the region of interest. The experiment is currently taking data with the first of its enriched detectors.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Separating double-beta decay events from solar neutrino interactions in a kiloton-scale liquid scintillator detector by fast timing
Not provided.
Instruments & Instrumentation↗
Survey of neutrino flavor predictions and the neutrinoless double beta decay funnel
The neutrinoless double beta decay experimental effort continues to make tremendous progress with hopes of covering the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy in coming years and pushing from the quasidegenerate hierarchy into the normal hierarchy. As neutrino oscillation data are starting to suggest that the mass ordering may be normal, we may well be faced with staring down the funnel of death: a region of parameter space in the normal ordering where—for a particular cancellation among the absolute neutrino mass scale, the Majorana phases, and the oscillation parameters—the neutrinoless double beta decay rate may be vanishingly small. To answer the question of whether this region of parameter space is theoretically preferred, we survey five broad categories of flavor model structures which make various different predictions for parameters relevant for neutrinoless double beta decay to determine how likely it is that the rate may be in this funnel region. We find that a non-negligible fraction of predictions surveyed are at least partially in the funnel region. Our results can guide model builders and experimentalists alike in focusing their efforts on theoretically motivated regions of parameter space. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DUNE’s Potential to Search for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
Neutrinoless double beta decay is a forbidden process by the standard model due to a violation of lepton number and could be piece of the matter/anti-matter asymmetry puzzle. Its rarity makes it very difficult to search for, but if found could aid in figuring out the mass hierarchy. The idea is to take advantage of DUNE's size and capabilities to attempt to detect the decay by doping the liquid argon with Xenon, a candidate isotope for this decay. Thus, we need to know whether this search is feasible within DUNE’s framework
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Status Update of the Majorana Demonstrator Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Experiment
Neutrinoless double beta decay searches play a major role in determining neutrino properties, in particular the Majorana or Dirac nature of the neutrino and the absolute scale of the neutrino mass. The consequences of these searches go beyond neutrino physics, with implications for Grand Unification and leptogenesis. The Majorana Collaboration is assembling a low-background array of high purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in 76Ge. The Majorana Demonstrator, which is currently being constructed and commissioned at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, will contain 44 kg (30 kg enriched in 76Ge) of HPGe detectors. Its primary goal is to demonstrate the scalability and background required for a tonne-scale Ge experiment. This is accomplished via a modular design and projected background of less than 3 cnts/tonne-yr in the region of interest. The experiment is currently taking data with the first of its enriched detectors.
Majorana Demonstrator↗
Status Update of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Experiment
Neutrinoless double beta decay searches play a major role in determining neutrino properties, in particular the Majorana or Dirac nature of the neutrino and the absolute scale of the neutrino mass. The consequences of these searches go beyond neutrino physics, with implications for Grand Unification and leptogenesis. The \textsc{Majorana} Collaboration is assembling a low-background array of high purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in $^{76}$Ge. The \textsc{Majorana Demonstrator}, which is currently being constructed and commissioned at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, will contain 44 kg (30 kg enriched in $^{76}$Ge) of HPGe detectors. Its primary goal is to demonstrate the scalability and background required for a tonne-scale Ge experiment. This is accomplished via a modular design and projected background of less than 3 cnts/tonne-yr in the region of interest. The experiment is currently taking data with the first of its enriched detectors.
Gruszko, J↗
{beta} decay of 129Cd and excited states in 129In
The β decay of Cd 129 , produced in the relativistic fission of a U 238 beam, was experimentally studied at the RIBF facility at the RIKEN Nishina Center. From the γ radiation emitted after the β decays, a level scheme of In 129 was established comprising 31 excited states and 69 γ -ray transitions. The experimentally determined level energies are compared to state-of-the-art shell-model calculations. The half-lives of the two β -decaying states in Cd 129 were deduced and the β feeding to excited states in In 129 were analyzed. It is found that, as in most cases in the Z<50 , N≤82 region, both decays are dominated by the ν0g 7/2 →π0g 9/2 Gamow–Teller transition, although the contribution of first-forbidden transitions cannot be neglected.
Taprogge, J.↗