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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Time-temperature-superposition analysis of diverse datasets by the minimum-arclength method: long-term prediction with uncertainty margins

In a recent publication, we carried out an extensive analysis of an unsupervised method of determining optimum shift factors in time-temperature-superposition of accelerated-aging data that involves minimizing the vertical arclength to obtain the master curve. For synthetic Arrhenius data with a variety of noise distributions, the work showed that, in conjunction with bootstrap-resampling, the method can produce reliable estimates of the mean activation energy along with uncertainty quantification. Here, we apply the above method to six different datasets taken from the published literature and demonstrate accurate prediction of mean activation energy from the data as-is without the need for any pre-processing or fitting. We also compare uncertainty margins computed by second-order bootstrap with that by linear regression theory and show that the former appears to provide consistent margins in the presence of common noise types in real data, including intra-isotherm measurement-errors, sample-to-sample variations, and intrinsic deviation from perfect Arrhenius behavior.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Impact of the adhesion-force lever-arm “a” on the Rock ‘n’ Roll resuspension model and how to compute it from contact mechanics

The paper proposes a methodology to fill a gap in the context of mechanistic particle resuspension models related to the adhesion and lift force lever arms ( a ): to date, only one experimental observation exists from a centrifuge experiment with a specific particle/surface pair which found r P / a = 100 and assumed that the contact points were symmetric with respect to the particle center. However, the Reeks and Hall’s (2001) model is highly sensitive to this parameter, which therefore cannot be used as-is for different particle diameters or materials. This paper proposes a methodology to compute the adhesion and lift force lever arms ( a A and a L , respectively) based on Atomic Force Microcopy (AFM) surface roughness measurements and contact mechanics arguments. In practice, a spherical, perfectly smooth particle is brought in contact (computationally) with the measured surface roughness and is then rotated by the point of contact to determine the two or more asperities over which the particle would sit on the surface. A method to compute the asperity radius of curvature is devised to compute the asperity deformation and the correct partitioning of the total deformation between the particle and the asperity is presented. For the glass surface under consideration, the asperity deformation was negligible, i.e., it was below the van der Waals radius, which is the limit of applicability of contact mechanics. The Reeks and Hall’s (2001) model is then extended to account for the joint probability of a A and a L . Significant differences in particle resuspended after a day in common atmospheric conditions are found between the approach that uses the lever-arm distributions or their mean values. Also, important differences are found when comparing the lever-arm distribution and r P / a = 100. Hence, one should be cautious of using r P / a = 100 for surface/particle pairs differing from those in the original study. Finally, limits of applicability of the theories used are presented together with considerations regarding how to extend the method to non-spherical particles and different materials.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Aerogel from Sustainably Grown Bacterial Cellulose Pellicles as a Thermally Insulative Film for Building Envelopes

Improving building energy performance requires the development of new highly insulative materials. An affordable retrofitting solution comprising a thin film could improve the resistance to heat flow in both residential and commercial buildings and reduce overall energy consumption. Here, we propose cellulose aerogel films formed from pellicles produced by the bacteria Gluconacetobacter hansenii as insulation materials. We studied the impact of the density and nanostructure on the aerogels’ thermal properties. A thermal conductivity as low as 13 mW/(K·m) was measured for native pellicle-based aerogels that were dried as-is with minimal post-treatment. The use of waste from the beer brewing industry as a solution to grow the pellicle maintained the cellulose yield obtained with standard Hestrin-Schramm media, making our product more affordable and sustainable. In the future, our work can be extended through further diversification of food wastes as the substrate sources, facilitating higher potential production and larger applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

gpCAM v6

gpCAM is tailored to be used by experimentalists who want to steer experiments autonomously. It is based on a Gaussian process (GP). Its strength compared to other software lies in its flexibility, which together with the right training, makes it more powerful than any GP-based software. However, that means, that the software in as-is mode cannot reach its full potential.

Noack, Marcus↗
DOE OSTI2021

HDEV Depot Load Profile Generation Code (Code to Generate Heavy-Duty Electric Truck Depot Load Profiles) [SWR-21-72]

Code developed to generate heavy-duty electric truck depot load profiles for the study, "Heavy-Duty Truck Electrification and the Impacts of Depot Charging on Electricity Distribution Systems", by Borlaug et al., published in 2021. This software is provided as-is without dedicated support. The programming environment for this study may be reproduced with conda (installed via the Anaconda website): conda env create -f environment.yml To activate the environment: conda activate hdev-depot-charging-2021

Borlaug, Brennan↗
DOE OSTI2021

Model America - data and models of every U.S. building

The 5-year goal of the 'Model America' concept was to generate a model of every building in the United States. This data repository delivers on that goal. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed the Automatic Building Energy Modeling (AutoBEM) software suite to process multiple types of data, extract building-specific descriptors, generate building energy models, and simulate them on High Performance Computing (HPC) resources. For more information, see AutoBEM-related publications (bit.ly/AutoBEM). There were 125,714,640 buildings detected in the United States and this dataset contains 122,930,327 (97.8%) buildings which resulted in a successful simulation. Future, annual updates have been proposed that may include additional buildings, data improvements, or other algorithmic enhancements. This dataset of 122.9 million buildings includes: Models (state_county.zip) - OpenStudio (v3.1.0) and EnergyPlus (v9.4) building energy models. Please note that the download requires the free Globus Connect Personal (https://www.globus.org/globus-connect-personal); Each model has approximately 3,000 building input descriptors that can be extracted. Please see the EnergyPlus(v9.4) 2,784-page Input/Output Reference Guide (https://energyplus.net/sites/all/modules/custom/nrel_custom/pdfs/pdfs_v9.4.0/InputOutputReference.pdf) for everything that can be retrieved or simulated from these models. These models were derived from the following metadata, which is not included in this dataset: 1. ID - unique building ID 2. County - county name 3. State - state name 4. CZ - ASHRAE Climate Zone designation 5. Clim_Zone - text label of climate zone 6. est_year - estimated year of construction 7. est_commercial - estimated building type (0=residential, 1=commercial) 8. Centroid - building center location in latitude/longitude (from Footprint2D) 9. Footprint2D - building polygon of 2D footprint (lat1/lon1_lat2/lon2_...) 10. Height - building height (meters) 11. Area2D - footprint area (ft2) 12. BuildingType - DOE prototype building designation (IECC=residential) as implemented by OpenStudio-standards 13. WWR_surfaces - percent of each facade (pair of points from Footprint2D) covered by fenestration/windows (average 14.5% for residential, 40% for commercial buildings) 14. NumFloors - number of floors (above-grade) 15. Area - estimate of total conditioned floor area (ft2) 16. Standard - building vintage. These models are made free and openly available in hopes of stimulating any simulation-informed use case. Data is provided as-is with no warranties, express or implied, regarding fitness for a particular purpose. We wish to thank our sponsors which include Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD), U.S. Dept. of Energy's (DOE) Building Technologies Office (BTO), Office of Electricity (OE), Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). This research used resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Please cite as: New, Joshua R., Adams, Mark, Bass, Brett, Berres, Anne, and Clinton, Nicholas (2021). 'Model America - data and models of every U.S. building. [Data set].' Constellation, doi.ccs.ornl.gov/ui/doi/339, April 14, 2021

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2026

SEGUID v2: Extending SEGUID checksums for circular, linear, single- and double-stranded biological sequences

Background Synthetic biology involves combining different DNA fragments, each containing functional biological parts, to address specific problems. Fundamental gene-function research often requires cloning and propagating DNA fragments, such as those from the iGEM Parts Registry or Addgene, typically distributed as circular plasmids. Addgene’s repository alone offers around 150,000 plasmids. To ensure data integrity, cryptographic checksums can be calculated for the sequences. Each sequence has a unique checksum, making checksums useful for validation and quick lookups of associated annotations. For example, the SEGUID checksum uniquely identifies protein sequences with a 27-character string. Objectives The original SEGUID, while effective for protein sequences and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), is not suitable for circular DNA since there is no natural starting position nor for double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) since two separate sequences are present. Challenges include how to uniquely represent linear dsDNA, circular ssDNA, and circular dsDNA. To meet these needs, we propose SEGUID v2, which extends the original SEGUID to handle additional types of sequences. Conclusions SEGUID v2 produces orientation and rotation invariant checksums for single-stranded, double-stranded, possibly staggered, linear, and circular DNA and RNA sequences. Customizable alphabets allow for other types of sequences. In contrast to the original SEGUID, which uses Base64, SEGUID v2 uses Base64url to encode the SHA-1 hash. This ensures SEGUID v2 checksums can be used as-is in filenames, regardless of platform, and in URLs, with minimal friction. Availability SEGUID v2 is readily available for major programming languages, distributed under the MIT license. JavaScript package seguid is available on npm, Python package seguid on PyPi, R package seguid on CRAN, and a Tcl script on GitHub. These tools, along with documentation, examples, and an online SEGUID Calculator , can be found at https://www.seguid.org .

Pereira, Humberto↗
DOE OSTI2023

Model America - Arizona extract from ORNL's AutoBEM v1.1

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed the Automatic Building Energy Modeling (AutoBEM) software suite to process multiple types of data, extract building-specific descriptors, generate building energy models, and simulate them on High Performance Computing (HPC) resources. For more information, see AutoBEM-related publications (bit.ly/AutoBEM).Two sets of sample data are provided for 2,555,152 buildings located within the boundary of Arizona in the United States:Data (846.3MB *.csv) - minimalist list of each building (rows) for the following fields (columns) • ID - unique building ID • Centroid - building center location in latitude/longitude (from Footprint2D) • Footprint2D - building polygon of 2D footprint (lat1/lon1_lat2/lon2_...) • State_abbr - state name • Area - estimate of total conditioned floor area (ft2) • Area2D - footprint area (ft2) • Height - building height (ft) • NumFloors - number of floors (above-grade) • WWR_surfaces - percent of each facade (pair of points from Footprint2D) covered by fenestration/windows (average 14.5% for residential, 40% for commercial buildings) • CZ - ASHRAE Climate Zone designation • BuildingType - DOE prototype building designation (IECC=residential) as implemented by OpenStudio-standards • Standard - building vintage • Sample Models (114GB*.zip by county) - OpenStudio and EnergyPlus building energy models named according to IDThis data is made free and openly available in hopes of stimulating any simulation-informed use case. Data is provided as-is with no warranties, express or implied, regarding fitness for a particular purpose. We wish to thank our sponsors which include Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), U.S. Dept. of Energy’s (DOE) Building Technologies Office (BTO), Office of Electricity (OE), and Biological and Environmental Research (BER).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Model America: Data and Models for every U.S. Building

The 5-year goal of the “Model America” concept was to generate a model of every building in the United States. This data repository delivers on that goal with "Model America v1". Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed the Automatic Building Energy Modeling (AutoBEM) software suite to process multiple types of data, extract building-specific descriptors, generate building energy models, and simulate them on High Performance Computing (HPC) resources. For more information, see AutoBEM-related publications (bit.ly/AutoBEM). There were 125,715,609 buildings detected in the United States. Of this number, 122,146,671 (97.2%) buildings resulted in a successful generation and simulation of a building energy model. This dataset includes the full 125 million buildings. Future updates may include additional buildings, data improvements, or other algorithmic model enhancements in "Model America v2". This dataset contains OSM and IDF zip files for every U.S. county. Each zip file contains the generated buildings from that county. The .csv input data contains the following data fields: 1. ID - the Unique Building Identifier (UBID), generated using the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) BuildingID framework 2. Centroid - building center location in latitude/longitude (from Footprint2D) 3. Footprint2D - building polygon of 2D footprint (lat1/lon1_lat2/lon2_...) 4. State_abbr - state name 5. Area - estimate of total conditioned floor area (ft2) 6. Area2D - footprint area (ft2) 7. Height - building height (ft) 8. NumFloors - number of floors (above-grade) 9. WWR_surfaces - percent of each facade (pair of points from Footprint2D) covered by fenestration/windows (average 14.5% for residential, 40% for commercial buildings) 10. CZ - ASHRAE Climate Zone designation 11. BuildingType - DOE prototype building designation (IECC=residential) as implemented by OpenStudio-standards 12. Standard - building vintage This data is made free and openly available in hopes of stimulating any simulation-informed use case. Data is provided as-is with no warranties, express or implied, regarding fitness for a particular purpose. We wish to thank our sponsors which include Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD), U.S. Dept. of Energy’s (DOE) Building Technologies Office (BTO), Office of Electricity (OE), Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). Update (September 23, 2025): We corrected the ID field in all state-level.csv input files to ensure one-to-one consistency with the corresponding .osm and .idf output files. The schema and file structure are unchanged; only the values in the ID column were modified. No files were added or removed, and the .zip bundles (containing .osm / .idf) are unchanged. The corrected .csv inputs were re-extracted in March 2025 from the original data generated ~ 2021 (Theta supercomputer runs), and published here to align input IDs with model outputs. Update (September 6, 2026): The Model America dataset was updated to replace the previous building ID field with the Unique Building Identifier (UBID), using the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) BuildingID framework. UBIDs provide standardized, location-based identifiers for individual building footprints and improve interoperability with other building and geospatial datasets. The data files containing the previous building identifiers were updated to include UBIDs. This update standardizes building identification; the underlying Model America building characteristics and energy simulation results were not recomputed as part of this update.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

TRT Compton Scattering Data: Comparisons between LLNL and LANL: Pointwise

This memo is one of a pair of reports comparing Compton scattering data in the context of thermal radiation transport (TRT). This document focuses on Pointwise (PW) data while the other report focuses on Multigroup (MG) data. These complementary analyses, via PW comparisons, show if the same physics are used and if fundamental bugs are present, and, via MG comparisons, quantify macroscopic Compton effects such as mean amplification factors. No averaging of Compton data over photon energy is done for the PW comparisons, while lab-dependent numerical resolution choices become relevant for the MG comparisons. This document plots and quantifies differences in PW Compton scattering data between LANL and LLNL for four disparate temperatures on a logarithmically-spaced energy grid. PW comparisons means we use the received LLNL data as-is, without any averaging or integration over energy. In addition to LANL-to-LLNL comparisons, we investigate the impact of numerical choices on LANL PW data. For the purposes of this comparison, we neglect induced scattering.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Thermal Analysis and Simulations of the Abort Kicker Magnets Systems for the Electron-Ion Collider

The Abort Kicker Magnets system used in the current Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to steer the circulating beam into the dump will be subjected to higher heat loads in the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). After analyzing the existing abort kicker magnets and running thermal simulations in ANSYS it was concluded that they may not be suitable for use as-is in the future EIC due to heat and impedance concerns in the magnets. Possible solutions include adding a round titanium-coated ceramic beam tube to help solve the heat and impedance concerns, but this will reduce the limiting aperture of the kicker magnet. Another possible solution to meet all the performance requirements for EIC would be to add titanium-coated ceramic plates with water-cooling and tapered transitions that significantly improve the impedance and lower the heat in the magnets with less reduction to the aperture.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
NASA NTRS1989

Support for life-cycle product reuse in NASA's SSE

The Software Support Environment (SSE) is a software factory for the production of Space Station Freedom Program operational software. The SSE is to be centrally developed and maintained and used to configure software production facilities in the field. The PRC product TTCQF provides for an automated qualification process and analysis of existing code that can be used for software reuse. The interrogation subsystem permits user queries of the reusable data and components which have been identified by an analyzer and qualified with associated metrics. The concept includes reuse of non-code life-cycle components such as requirements and designs. Possible types of reusable life-cycle components include templates, generics, and as-is items. Qualification of reusable elements requires analysis (separation of candidate components into primitives), qualification (evaluation of primitives for reusability according to reusability criteria) and loading (placing qualified elements into appropriate libraries). There can be different qualifications for different installations, methodologies, applications and components. Identifying reusable software and related components is labor-intensive and is best carried out as an integrated function of an SSE.

Shotton, Charles↗
NASA NTRS1993

Multimission high speed spacecraft simulation for the Galileo and Cassini missions

A simulation system has been developed which is capable of bit level simulation of spacecraft data systems. Object oriented techniques and an embedded interpreted language have been employed to produce a highly configurable tool for control and viewing of spacecraft states. Parallel processing computers have been used for running simulations to achieve execution performance of up to ten times real time, which allows for effective utilization of the simulator in testing spacecraft command sequences before they are committed to operation. Elements of simulations can be reused as-is in the construction of new simulators.

Morrissett, Alan↗
NASA NTRS2006

Lightweight optical mirrors formed in single crystal substrate

This invention is directed to a process for manufacturing a lightweight mirror from a single crystal material, such as single crystal silicon. As a near perfect single crystal material, single crystal silicon has much lower internal stress than a conventional material. This means much less distortion of the optical surface during the light weighting process. After being ground and polished, a single crystal silicon mirror is light weighted by removing material from the back side using ultrasonic machining. After the light weighting process, the single crystal silicon mirror may be used as-is or further figured by conventional polishing or ion milling, depending on the application and the operating wavelength.

Bly, Vincent T.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Analysis of Phoenix Anomalies and IV and V Findings Applied to the GRAIL Mission

Analysis of patterns in IV&V findings and their correlation with post-launch anomalies allowed GRAIL to make more efficient use of IV&V services . Fewer issues. . Higher fix rate. . Better communication. . Increased volume of potential issues vetted, at lower cost. . Hard to make predictions of post-launch performance based on IV&V findings . Phoenix made sound fix/use as-is decisions . Things that were fixed eliminated some problems, but hard to quantify. . Broad predictive success in one area, but inverse relationship in others.

Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL)↗
NASA NTRS2006

A Comparative Study of Measuring Devices Used During Space Shuttle Processing for Inside Diameters

During Space Shuttle processing, discrepancies between vehicle dimensions and per print dimensions determine if a part should be refurbished, replaced or accepted "as-is." The engineer's job is to address each discrepancy by choosing the most accurate procedure and tool available, sometimes with up to ten thousands of an inch tolerance. Four methods of measurement are commonly used at the Kennedy Space Center: 1) caliper, 2) mold impressions, 3) optical comparator, 4) dial bore gage. During a problem report evaluation, uncertainty arose between methods after measuring diameters with variations of up to 0.0004" inches. The results showed that computer based measuring devices are extremely accurate, but when human factor is involved in determining points of reference, the results may vary widely compared to more traditional methods. iv

Rodriguez, Antonio↗
NASA NTRS2012

Using Quality Attributes to Bridge Systems Engineering Gaps : A Juno Ground Data Systems Case Study

The Juno Mission to Jupiter is the second mission selected by the NASA New Frontiers Program. Juno launched August 2011 and will reach Jupiter July 2016. Juno's payload system is composed of nine instruments plus a gravity science experiment. One of the primary functions of the Juno Ground Data System (GDS) is the assembly and distribution of the CFDP (CCSDS File Delivery Protocol) product telemetry, also referred to as raw science data, for eight out of the nine instruments. The GDS accomplishes this with the Instrument Data Pipeline (IDP). During payload integration, the first attempt to exercise the IDP in a flight like manner revealed that although the functional requirements were well understood, the system was unable to meet latency requirements with the as-is heritage design. A systems engineering gap emerged between Juno instrument data delivery requirements and the assumptions behind the heritage flight-ground interactions. This paper describes the use of quality attributes to measure and overcome this gap by introducing a new systems engineering activity, and a new monitoring service architecture that successfully delivered the performance metrics needed to validate Juno IDP.

Ground Data Systems (GDS)↗