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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Al(PO3)3 by Materials Project

Al(PO3)3 crystallizes in the cubic I-43d space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Al3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form AlO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. All Al–O bond lengths are 1.89 Å. P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 13–33°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.48–1.62 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent P5+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Al(PO3)3 by Materials Project

Al(PO3)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Al3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form AlO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–1.92 Å. There are three inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 30–41°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.49–1.61 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 41–45°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.61 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 40°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.49–1.61 Å. There are nine inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Al(PO3)3 by Materials Project

Al(PO3)3 crystallizes in the trigonal P-3c1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Al3+ sites. In the first Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form AlO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. There is three shorter (1.90 Å) and three longer (1.91 Å) Al–O bond length. In the second Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form AlO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. All Al–O bond lengths are 1.90 Å. There are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 34°. There is two shorter (1.50 Å) and two longer (1.60 Å) P–O bond length. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 32–41°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.49–1.61 Å. There are five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent P5+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Al(PO3)3 by Materials Project

Al(PO3)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Al3+ sites. In the first Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form AlO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.87–1.95 Å. In the second Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form AlO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There is one shorter (1.90 Å) and five longer (1.91 Å) Al–O bond length. In the third Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form AlO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–1.93 Å. There are nine inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 29–34°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.49–1.60 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two AlO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 32–37°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.60 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two AlO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 40–43°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.61 Å. In the fourth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 41°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.61 Å. In the fifth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two AlO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 36–40°. There is two shorter (1.50 Å) and two longer (1.59 Å) P–O bond length. In the sixth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two AlO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 27–37°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.49–1.60 Å. In the seventh P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 31–33°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.49–1.61 Å. In the eighth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two AlO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 23–37°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.49–1.60 Å. In the ninth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two AlO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 32–41°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.49–1.61 Å. There are twenty-seven inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the twenty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the twenty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the twenty-seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on AlP3O10 by Materials Project

OAl(PO3)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Al is bonded to six O atoms to form AlO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.85–1.97 Å. There are three inequivalent P sites. In the first P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 27–46°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.63 Å. In the second P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 39–44°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.61 Å. In the third P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 31–40°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.63 Å. There are ten inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al and one P atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al and one P atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P atoms. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al and one P atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al and one P atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al and one P atom. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P atom. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Al and one P atom. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2017

Experimental Study into the Stability of Whitlockite in Basaltic Magmas

Apatite Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH), merrillite Ca18Na2Mg2(PO4)14, and whitlockite Ca9(Mg,Fe2+)(PO4)6[PO3(OH)] are the primary phosphate minerals found in most planetary materials including rocks from Earth, Moon, Mars, and asteroids [1-2]. For many years, the terms merrillite and whitlockite have been used interchangeably in the meteorite literature. Much of the confusion regarding the relationship between terrestrial and extraterrestrial "whitlockite" is based on the presence or absence of hydrogen in the mineral structure. Whitlockite has approximately 8500 ppm H2O, and the term "merrillite" has been adopted to identify the hydrogen-free form of whitlockite [2]. The atomic structures of merrillite and whitlockite were examined in detail by Hughes et al. [3-4]. On Earth, whitlockite has been found in rocks from evolved pegmatitic systems [2-4] and in some mantle rocks [e.g., 5]. Furthermore, terrestrial whitlockite has been shown to have some merrillite component [4]. For the meteoritic and lunar materials that have been investigated, merrillite appears to be far more common than whitlockite, and it has been proposed that the whitlockite component is unique to terrestrial samples [4]. There are some reports of "whitlockite" in the meteorite literature; however, these likely represent misidentifications of merrillite because there have been no reports of extraterrestrial whitlockite that have been verified through crystal structural studies or analyzed for their H contents. Hughes et al. [3] reported the atomic arrangement of lunar merrillite and demonstrated that the phase is similar to meteoritic merrillite and, predictably, devoid of hydrogen. In a follow-up study, Hughes et al. [4] reported the atomic arrangements of two natural samples of whitlockite, one synthetic whitlockite, and samples of synthetic whitlockite that were heated at 500degC and 1050degC for 24 h. The crystal chemistry and crystal structures of the phases were compared, and it was discovered that the latter treatment resulted in the dehydrogenation of whitlockite to form merrillite. The presence of merrillite vs. whitlockite was widely thought to serve as an indication that magmas were anhydrous [e.g., 6-7]. However, McCubbin et al., [8] determined that merrillite in the martian meteorite Shergotty had no discernible whitlockite component despite its coexistence with OH-rich apatite. Consequently, McCubbin et al., (2014) speculated that the absence of a whitlockite component in Shergotty merrillite and other planetary merrillites may be a consequence of the limited thermal stability of H in whitlockite (stable only at T less than1050degC), which would prohibit merrillite-whitlockite solid-solution at high temperatures. In the present study, we have aimed to test this hypothesis experimentally by examining the stability of whitlockite in basaltic magmas at 1.2 GPa and a temperature range of -1000- 1300degC.

McCubbin, F. M.↗
NASA NTRS2018

Experimental Study into the Stability of Whitlockite and Hydroxylapatite in Basaltic Magmas

Apatite (Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)), merrillite (Ca18Na2Mg2(PO4)14), and whitlockite (Ca9(Mg,Fe(2+))(PO4)6[PO3(OH)]) are the primary phosphate minerals found in most planetary materials including rocks from Earth, Moon, Mars, and asteroids. For many years, the terms merrillite and whitlockite have been used interchangeably in the meteorite literature. Much of the confusion regarding the relationship between terrestrial and extraterrestrial 'whitlockite' is based on the presence or absence of hydrogen in the mineral structure. Whitlockite has approximately 8500 ppm H2O, and the term 'merrillite' has been adopted to identify the hydrogen-free form of whitlockite. The atomic structures of merrillite and whitlockite were examined in detail by Hughes et al.. On Earth, whitlockite has been found in rocks from evolved pegmatitic systems and in some mantle rocks. Furthermore, terrestrial whitlockite has been shown to have some merrillite component. For the meteoritic and lunar materials that have been investigated, merrillite appears to be far more common than whitlockite, and it has been proposed that the whitlockite component is unique to terrestrial samples. There are some reports of 'whitlockite' in the meteorite literature; however, these may represent misidentifications of merrillite because there have been no reports of extraterrestrial whitlockite that have been verified through crystal structural studies or analyzed for their H contents. Hughes et al. reported the atomic arrangement of lunar merrillite and demonstrated that the phase is similar to meteoritic merrillite and, predictably, devoid of hydrogen. In a follow-up study, Hughes et al. reported the atomic arrangements of two natural samples of whitlockite, one synthetic whitlockite, and samples of synthetic whitlockite that were heated at 500 C or 1050 C for 24 h. The crystal chemistry and crystal structures of the phases were compared, and it was discovered that the latter treatment resulted in the dehydrogenation of whitlockite to form merrillite.

McCubbin, F. M.↗