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Deposition of adherent Ag-Ti duplex films on ceramics in a multiple-cathode sputter deposition system

The adhesion of Ag films deposited on oxide ceramics can be increased by first depositing intermediate films of active metals such as Ti. Such duplex coatings can be fabricated in a widely used three target sputter deposition system. It is shown here that the beneficial effect of the intermediate Ti film can be defeated by commonly used in situ target and substrate sputter cleaning procedures which result in Ag under the Ti. Auger electron spectroscopy and wear testing of the coatings are used to develop a cleaning strategy resulting in an adherent film system.

Honecy, Frank S.↗

Nanohybrid of Silver‐MXene: A Promising Sorbent for Iodine Gas Capture from Nuclear Waste

The increasing reliance on nuclear energy as a significant low-carbon power source necessitates effective solutions for managing radioactive emissions. This study introduces a novel application of MXene nanohybrids, specifically silver-MXene (Ag-Ti 3 C 2 T x ), as an effective sorbent for radioiodine off-gas capture at an operating temperature of 150 °C. Through comprehensive material characterization, including X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, and gas sorption analyses, the successful loading of Ag nanoparticles onto Ti 3 C 2 T x is confirmed and the subsequent formation of AgI upon iodine capture. The results demonstrate that Ag-Ti 3 C 2 T x exhibits superior iodine uptake compared to traditional silver-based sorbents such as silver mordenite zeolite (AgZ) and silver-functionalized silica aerogel (AgAero). The Ag-Ti 3 C 2 T x achieves an iodine loading of 946 mg g −1 , significantly outperforming AgZ (131 mg g −1 ). These findings highlight the potential of Ag-Ti 3 C 2 T x as a highly efficient, thermally stable sorbent for radioiodine capture, and potentially addressing key limitations of existing materials.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Space solar cell technology development - A perspective

The developmental history of photovoltaics is examined as a basis for predicting further advances to the year 2000. Transistor technology was the precursor of solar cell development. Terrestrial cells were modified for space through changes in geometry and size, as well as the use of Ag-Ti contacts and manufacture of a p-type base. The violet cell was produced for Comsat, and involved shallow junctions, new contacts, and an enhanced antireflection coating for better radiation tolerance. The driving force was the desire by private companies to reduce cost and weight for commercial satellite power supplies. Liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) GaAs cells are the latest advancement, having a 4 sq cm area and increased efficiency. GaAs cells are expected to be flight ready in the 1980s. Testing is still necessary to verify production techniques and the resistance to electron and photon damage. Research will continue in CVD cell technology, new panel technology, and ultrathin Si cells.

Scott-Monck, J.↗

Materials Data on TiAg by Materials Project

TiAg is Tetraauricupride structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ti is bonded to four equivalent Ti and eight equivalent Ag atoms to form TiTi4Ag8 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent TiTi4Ag8 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent TiTi4Ag8 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent AgTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent AgTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, and faces with ten equivalent TiTi4Ag8 cuboctahedra. All Ti–Ti bond lengths are 2.89 Å. All Ti–Ag bond lengths are 2.92 Å. Ag is bonded to eight equivalent Ti and four equivalent Ag atoms to form AgTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent AgTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent AgTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent TiTi4Ag8 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent TiTi4Ag8 cuboctahedra, and faces with ten equivalent AgTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra. All Ag–Ag bond lengths are 2.89 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Ti3Ag by Materials Project

AgTi3 is Uranium Silicide structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ti sites. In the first Ti site, Ti is bonded to eight equivalent Ti and four equivalent Ag atoms to form distorted TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent AgTi12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent AgTi12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra. All Ti–Ti bond lengths are 2.90 Å. All Ti–Ag bond lengths are 2.90 Å. In the second Ti site, Ti is bonded to eight Ti and four equivalent Ag atoms to form TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent AgTi12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent AgTi12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra. All Ti–Ti bond lengths are 2.90 Å. All Ti–Ag bond lengths are 2.90 Å. Ag is bonded to twelve Ti atoms to form AgTi12 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent AgTi12 cuboctahedra, edges with twenty-four TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent AgTi12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Ti2Ag by Materials Project

Ti2Ag crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ti is bonded to eight equivalent Ti and four equivalent Ag atoms to form distorted TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent AgTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, corners with eight equivalent TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent AgTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, faces with five equivalent AgTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, and faces with thirteen equivalent TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra. There are four shorter (2.80 Å) and four longer (2.93 Å) Ti–Ti bond lengths. All Ti–Ag bond lengths are 2.95 Å. Ag is bonded to eight equivalent Ti and four equivalent Ag atoms to form AgTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent AgTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, corners with eight equivalent TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, edges with twenty-four equivalent TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent AgTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, and faces with ten equivalent TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra. All Ag–Ag bond lengths are 2.93 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on TiAg by Materials Project

TiAg crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/nmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ti is bonded to eight equivalent Ti and four equivalent Ag atoms to form distorted TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, corners with eight equivalent AgTi4Ag8 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent AgTi4Ag8 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent AgTi4Ag8 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra. There are four shorter (2.79 Å) and four longer (2.92 Å) Ti–Ti bond lengths. All Ti–Ag bond lengths are 2.96 Å. Ag is bonded to four equivalent Ti and eight equivalent Ag atoms to form distorted AgTi4Ag8 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent AgTi4Ag8 cuboctahedra, corners with eight equivalent TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent AgTi4Ag8 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent TiTi8Ag4 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent AgTi4Ag8 cuboctahedra. There are four shorter (2.92 Å) and four longer (2.98 Å) Ag–Ag bond lengths.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗