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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Renormalization of one-pion exchange in chiral effective field theory for antinucleon-nucleon scattering

The renormalization of iterated one-pion exchange (OPE) is studied in Chiral Effective Field Theory ($\chi$EFT) for the antinucleon-nucleon ($\overline{N}N$) system. The OPE potential is cut off at a certain distance and contact interactions are represented by a complex spherical well with the same radius. We investigate the dependence on the cutoff radius of the phase shifts, inelasticities, and mixing angles for the low partial waves in $\overline{N}N$ scattering. We show that renormalization requires additional contact interactions compared to the expectation based on naive dimensional analysis. Results after renormalization are compared with the state-of-the-art energy-dependent partial-wave analysis of $\overline{N}N$ data. We compare our conclusions with applications of $\chi$EFT to the nucleon-nucleon system.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Nuclear annihilation by antinucleons

We examine the momentum dependence of $\bar{p}$p and $\bar{n}$p annihilation cross sections by considering the transmission through a nuclear potential and the $\bar {p}$p Coulomb interaction. Compared to the $\bar{n}$p annihilation cross section, the $\bar{p}$p annihilation cross section is significantly enhanced by the Coulomb interaction for projectile momenta below p lab < 500 MeV/c, and the two annihilation cross sections approach the Pomeranchuk's equality limit [JETP 30, 423 (1956)] at p lab ~500 MeV/c. Using these elementary cross sections as the basic input data, the extended Glauber model is employed to evaluate the annihilation cross sections for $\bar{n}$ and $\bar{p}$ interaction with nuclei and the results compare well with experimental data.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Measurement of interaction between antiprotons

In this paper, one of the primary goals of nuclear physics is to understand the force between nucleons, which is a necessary step for understanding the structure of nuclei and how nuclei interact with each other. Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus in 1911, and the large body of knowledge about the nuclear force that has since been acquired was derived from studies made on nucleons or nuclei. Although antinuclei up to antihelium-4 have been discovered and their masses measured, little is known directly about the nuclear force between antinucleons. Here, we study antiproton pair correlations among data collected by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), where gold ions are collided with a centre-of-mass energy of 200 gigaelectronvolts per nucleon pair. Antiprotons are abundantly produced in such collisions, thus making it feasible to study details of the antiproton–antiproton interaction. By applying a technique similar to Hanbury Brown and Twiss intensity interferometry, we show that the force between two antiprotons is attractive. In addition, we report two key parameters that characterize the corresponding strong interaction: the scattering length and the effective range of the interaction. Our measured parameters are consistent within errors with the corresponding values for proton–proton interactions. Our results provide direct information on the interaction between two antiprotons, one of the simplest systems of antinucleons, and so are fundamental to understanding the structure of more-complex antinuclei and their properties.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Analyzing Unfavored Fragmentation Functions Using NJL-Jet Model

The Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL)-jet model provides a sound framework for calculating the fragmentation functions in an effective chiral quark theory, where the momentum and isospin sum rules are satisfied without the introduction of ad hoc parameters. The most recent version of the model includes the fragmentation of the light and strange quarks to pions, kaons, nucleons, and antinucleons; where the effects of the production of secondary pions and kaons from the vector mesons {rho}, K* and {phi} are also calculated. The results for the model fragmentation function exhibit a qualitative agreement with the empirical parameterizations. The results also allow to test, within the model assumptions, several assumption in parametrizations of the unfavored fragmentation functions used in empirical fits to the experimental data.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

{phi} meson production in pp annihilation at rest

Apparent channel-dependent violations of the Okubo-Zwieg-Iizuka (OZI) rule in nucleon-antinucleon annihilation reactions in the presence of an intrinsic strangeness component in the nucleon are discussed. Admixture of ss quark pairs in the nucleon wave function enables the direct coupling to the {phi}-meson in the annihilation channel without violating the OZI rule. Three forms are considered in this work for the strangeness content of the proton wave function, namely, the uud cluster with a ss sea-quark component, kaon-hyperon clusters based on a simple chiral quark model, and the pentaquark picture uudss. Nonrelativistic quark model calculations reveal that the strangeness magnetic moment {mu}{sub s} and the strangeness contribution to the proton spin {sigma}{sub s} from the first two models are consistent with recent experimental data, where {mu}{sub s} and {sigma}{sub s} are negative. For the third model, the uuds subsystem with the configurations [31]{sub FS}[211]{sub F}[22]{sub S} and [31]{sub FS}[31]{sub F}[22]{sub S} leads to negative values of {mu}{sub s} and {sigma}{sub s}. With effective quark line diagrams incorporating the {sup 3}P{sub 0} model, we give estimates for the branching ratios of the annihilation reactions at rest pp{yields}{phi}X (X={pi}{sup 0}, {eta}, {rho}{sup 0}, {omega}). Results for the branching ratios of {phi}X production from atomic pp s-wave states are for the first and third model found to be strongly channel dependent, in good agreement with measured rates.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Energy dependence of the cross sections for the e{sup +}e{sup –} → hadrons process near the production threshold for the NN̄ pair

The energy dependence of the cross sections for the processes e{sup +}e{sup −} → π{sup +}π{sup −}π{sup 0}, K{sup +}K{sup −}, ηπ{sup +}π{sup −}, ωπ{sub 0}, and K{sup +}K{sup −}π{sup +}π{sup −} is studied near the production threshold for a nucleon–antinucleon pair. It is shown that, within the measurement errors, the cross sections in question behave smoothly in this energy region.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Antinucleus-Nucleus Cross Sections Implemented in Geant4

Cross sections of antinucleus ({bar p}, {bar d}, {bar t}, {sup 3}{ovr He}, {sup 4}{ovr He}) interactions with nuclei in the energy range 100 MeV/c to 1000 GeV/c per antinucleon are calculated in the Glauber approximation which provides good description of all known {bar p}Across sections. The results were obtained using a new parameterization of the total and elastic {bar p}p cross sections. Simple parameterizations of the antinucleus-nucleus cross sections are proposed for use in estimating the efficiency of antinucleus detection and tracking in cosmic rays and accelerator experiments. These parameterizations are implemented in the Geant4 toolkit.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Processes that break baryon number by two units and the Majorana nature of the neutrino

We employ the simplest possible models of scalar-fermion interactions that are consistent with the gauge symmetries of the Standard Model and permit no proton decay to analyze the connections possible among processes that break baryon number by two units. In this context we show how the observation of n - n ¯ oscillations and of a pattern of particular nucleon–antinucleon conversion processes — all accessible through e-d scattering — namely, selecting from e - p → e + p ¯ , e - p → n ¯ ν ¯ , e - n → p ¯ ν ¯ , and e - n → e - n ¯ would reveal that the decay π - π - → e - e - must occur also. This latter process is the leading contribution to neutrinoless double beta decay in nuclei mediated by new short-distance physics, in contrast to that mediated by light Majorana neutrino exchange. The inferred existence of π - π - → e - e - would also reveal the Majorana nature of the neutrino, though the absence of this inference would not preclude it.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Investigating the role of strangeness in baryon–antibaryon annihilation at the LHC

Annihilation dynamics plays a fundamental role in the baryon–antibaryon interaction ($B–\bar{B}$) at low-energy and its strength and range are crucial in the assessment of possible baryonic bound states. Experimental data on annihilation cross sections are available for the $p–\bar{p}$ system but not in the low relative momentum region. Data regarding the $B–\bar{B}$ interaction with strange degrees of freedom are extremely scarce, hence the modeling of the annihilation contributions is mainly based on nucleon–antinucleon ($N–\bar{N}$) results, when available. In this letter we present a measurement of the $p–\bar{p}$, $p–\bar{Λ}$⊕$p–{Λ}$ and $Λ–\bar{Λ}$ interaction using correlation functions in the relative momentum space in high-multiplicity triggered pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV recorded by ALICE at the LHC. In the $p–\bar{p}$ system the couplings to the mesonic channels in different partial waves are extracted by adopting a coupled-channel approach with recent χEFT potentials. The inclusion of these inelastic channels provides good agreement with the data, showing a significant presence of the annihilation term down to zero momentum. Predictions obtained using the Lednický–Lyuboshits formula and scattering parameters obtained from heavy-ion collisions, hence mainly sensitive to elastic processes, are compared with the experimental $p–\bar{Λ}$⊕$p–{Λ}$ and $Λ–\bar{Λ}$ correlations. The model describes the $Λ–\bar{Λ}$ data and underestimates the $p–\bar{Λ}$⊕$p–{Λ}$ data in the region of momenta below 200 MeV/c. The observed deviation indicates a different contribution of annihilation channels to the two systems containing strange hadrons.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Antinuclei in heavy-ion collisions

Here, we review progress in the study of antinuclei, starting from Dirac's equation and the discovery of the positron in cosmic-ray events. The development of proton accelerators led to the discovery of antiprotons, followed by the first antideuterons, demonstrating that antinucleons bind into antinuclei. With the development of heavy-ion programs at the Brookhaven AGS and CERN SPS, it was demonstrated that central collisions of heavy nuclei offer a fertile ground for research and discoveries in the area of antinuclei. In this review, we emphasize recent observations at Brookhaven's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and at CERN's Large Hadron Collider, namely, the antihypertriton and the antihelium- 4, as well as measurements of the mass difference between light nuclei and antinuclei, and the interaction between antiprotons. Physics implications of the new observations and different production mechanisms are discussed. We also consider implications for related fields, such as hypernuclear physics and spacebased cosmic-ray experiments.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Recent developments and validation of Geant4 hadronic physics

In the past year several improvements in Geant4 hadronic physics code have been made, both for HEP and nuclear physics applications. We discuss the implications of these changes for physics simulation performance and user code. In this context several of the most-used codes will be covered briefly. These include the Fritiof (FTF) parton string model which has been extended to include antinucleon and antinucleus interactions with nuclei, the Bertinistyle cascade with its improved CPU performance and extension to include photon interactions, and the precompound and deexcitation models. We have recently released new models and databases for low energy neutrons, and the radioactive decay process has been improved with the addition of forbidden beta decays and better gamma spectra following internal conversion. As new and improved models become available, the number of tests and comparisons to data has increased. One of these is a validation of the parton string models against data from the MIPP experiment, which covers the largely untested range of 50 to 100 GeV. At the other extreme, a new stopped hadron validation will cover pions, kaons and antiprotons. These, and the ongoing simplified calorimeter studies, will be discussed briefly. We also discuss the increasing number of regularly performed validations, the demands they place on both software and users, and the automated validation system being developed to address them.

Yarba, Julia↗
DOE OSTI2016

Analytic pion form factor

The pion electromagnetic form factor and two-pion production in electron-positron collisions are simultaneously fitted by a vector dominance model evolving to perturbative QCD at large momentum transfer. This model was previously successful in simultaneously fitting the nucleon electromagnetic form factors (spacelike region) and the electromagnetic production of nucleon-antinucleon pairs (timelike region). For this pion case dispersion relations are used to produce the analytic connection of the spacelike and timelike regions. The fit to all the data is good, especially for the newer sets of timelike data. The description of high-q2 data, in the timelike region, requires one more meson with ρ quantum numbers than listed in the 2014 Particle Data Group review.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1973

Matter-antimatter Cosmology

The possible existence of antimatter on a large scale in the universe is evaluated. As a starting point, an attempt was made to understand the origin of matter as being essentially analogous to the origin of backgound thermal radiation. Several theories and models are examined, with particular emphasis on nucleon-antinucleon interactions at intermediate energies. Data also cover annihilation interaction with the matter-antimatter boundary to produce the essential fluid motion known as coalesence.

Omnes, R.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Gamma ray astrophysics

Gamma ray production processes are reviewed, including Compton scattering, synchrotron radiation, bremsstrahlung interactions, meson decay, nucleon-antinucleon annihilations, and pion production. Gamma ray absorption mechanisms through interactions with radiation and with matter are discussed, along with redshifts and gamma ray fluxes.

Stecker, F. W.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Gamma ray astrophysics

Gamma-ray production processes are considered, taking into account Compton scattering between cosmic-ray electrons and starlight microwave background photons, synchrotron radiation, bremsstrahlung interactions, nucleon-antinucleon annihilations, the form of the spectrum from pion production at high energies, and gamma rays from photomeson production at ultrahigh energies. Attention is also given to gamma-ray absorption mechanisms, gamma rays observed from the Galaxy, and extragalactic gamma rays.

Stecker, F. W.↗