Aircraft instrument Patent
Aircraft indicator for pilot control of takeoff roll, climbout path and verticle flight path in poor visibility conditions
Wetmore, J. W.↗
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STDN network operations procedure for Apollo range instrumentation aircraft, revision 1
The Apollo range instrumentation aircraft (ARIA) fleet which consists of four EC-135N aircraft used for Apollo communication support is discussed. The ARIA aircraft are used to provide coverage of lunar missions, earth orbit missions, command module/service module separation to spacecraft landing, and assist in recovery operations. Descriptions of ARIA aircraft, capabilities, and instrumentation are included.
Vette, A. R.↗
Analysis of wind profile measurements from an instrumented aircraft
The results of an experimental program to determine the capability of measuring wind profiles on support of STS operations with an instrumented aircraft are discussed. These results are a compilation of the flight experiments and the statistical data comparing the quality of the aircraft measurements with quasi-simultaneous and quasi-spatial overlapping Jimsphere measurements. An instrumented aircraft was chosen as a potential alternative to the Jimsphere/radar system for expediting the wind profile calculation by virtue of the ability of an aircraft to traverse the altitudes of interest in roughly 10 minutes. The two aircraft which participated in the study were F-104 and ER-2.
Paige, Terry S.↗
Simultaneous radar and instrumented aircraft observations in a clear air turbulent layer
CAT layer simultaneous radar and instrumented aircraft observations, noting eddy dissipation rate computation from radar reflectivity measurement
Kropfli, R. A.↗
Comparison of wind and turbulence measurements from Doppler lidar and instrumented aircraft
Wind fields were measured with the ground based lidar, NOAA Wave Propagation Laboratory and with the NASA B-57B instrumented aircraft. The remotely sensed winds are compared with the in situ aircraft measurements. Three flight plans were carried out during the two different field programs. At NASA/MSFC the aircraft circled while the lidar scanned conically and the aircraft flew 6 deg approach path along the fixed lidar beam. The aircraft flew an approach along the lidar beam directed south-north (parallel to the mountain range) and a climbout along the lidar beam which alternately shifted east-west (perpendicular to the mountain range). Turbulence intensities and spectra were calculated from the temporal fluctuations in the lidar-measured radial wind speed component. These field tests provided unique sets of data to examine the mean wind and turbulence measurements made by remote sensing instruments. The comparison of aircraft measured turbulence intensities and spectra with lidar time histories of radial wind speed were in good agreement.
Huang, K. H.↗
Guide to measurement of winds with instrumented aircraft
Aircraft measurement techniques are reviewed. Review of past and present applications of instrument aircraft to atmospheric observations is presented. Questions to be answered relative to measuring mean wind profiles as contrasted to turbulence measurements are then addressed. Requirements of instrumentation and accuracy, data reduction, data acquisition, and theoretical and certainty analysis are considered.
Frost, Walter↗
The 1998 Leonid Multi-Instrument Aircraft Campaign-An Early Review
The 1998 return of the Leonid shower was the target of the Leonid multi-instrument aircraft campaign (Leonid MAC), an unusual two-aircraft astronomical research mission executed near Okinawa, Japan. The prospect of a meteor storm brought 28 researchers of 7 nationalities together in a concerted effort to observe the shower by imaging, spectroscopic, and ranging techniques. This paper is a review of the major science issues that are behind the deployment of each of the present array of instruments and describes the interconnection of the various experiments. This was NASA's first astrobiology mission. The mission also aimed to study contemporary issues in planetary astronomy, in atmospheric sciences, and concerning the satellite impact hazard. First results of the participating observers are discussed and put in context, in preparation for the deployment of a planned second mission in November of 1999.
Jenniskens, Peter↗
Remote Sensing Measurements of Vertical and Horizontal Moisture Variations from Aircraft Instruments
The research in this paper focuses on describing vertical and horizontal of water vapor variability using two remote sensing aircraft instruments. To achieve this goal we will compare precipitable water and upper level humidity estimates derived from the each of the instruments. The Multispectral Atmospheric Mapping Sensor (MAMS) is a visible and infrared radiometer with similar channels to that of the GOES imager. MAMS has flown aboard the NASA ER-2 numerous times. It has been used to validate features observed with the previous series of GOES satellites. MAMS data has been used to study precipitable water and upper level water vapor as well as other geophysical parameters. MAMS provides the opportunity to obtain water vapor Imagery at 6.7 mm. Upper tropospheric humidity can be computed using this channel in a similar fashion to that of Soden and Bretherton. In addition to the water vapor channel, MAMS records data In 3 other Infrared channels and 8 visible and near Infrared bands at high spatial resolution (I 00 Abstract: m). The 1 1 and 12 mm infrared channels allow for the application of a split technique to derive total precipitable water. The Udar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) which uses the Differential Absorption Udar (DIAL) technique for obtaining simultaneous water vapor and aerosol profiles through the entire troposphere. LASE operates In the 81 5 nm wavelength region and uses a double pulsed Ti:sapphire laser that is locked onto a water vapor line. LASE has good horizontal (IO km) and excellent vertical (300 m) resolution. MAMS and LASE collected data simultaneously on several ER-2 flights in September 1995. LASE mixing ratio profiles will be Integrated for comparison with MAMS precipitable water estimates and the upper tropospheric humidity will be computed for the layer observed by the MAMS 6.7 mm channel for comparison for this time period. Results show a significant correlation between the measurements of the two Instruments. Regions of high/low upper tropospheric humidity are apparent In measurements from both instruments. Also changes in boundary layer moisture depicted by LASE are reflected in the total precipitable water measured by MAMS.
Atkinson, R. J.↗
Investigation of damping liquids for aircraft instruments
This report covers the results of an investigation carried on at the Bureau of Standards under a research authorization from, and with the financial assistance of, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. The choice of a damping liquid for aircraft instruments is difficult owing to the range of temperature at which aircraft operate. Temperature changes affect the viscosity tremendously. The investigation was undertaken with the object of finding liquids of various viscosities otherwise suitable which had a minimum change in viscosity with temperature. The new data relate largely to solutions. The effect of temperature on the kinematic viscosity of the following liquids and solutions was determined in the temperature interval -18 degrees to +30 degrees C. (1) solutions of animal and vegetable oils in xylene. These were poppy-seed oil, two samples of neat's-foot oils, castor oil, and linseed oil. (2) solutions of mineral oil in xylene. These were Squibb's petrolatum of naphthene base and transformer oil. (3) glycerine solutions in ethyl alcohol and in mixture of 50-50 ethyl alcohol and water. (4) mixtures of normal butyl alcohol with methyl alcohol. (5) individual liquids, kerosene, mineral spirits, xylene, recoil oil. The apparatus consisted of four capillary-tube viscometers, which were immersed in a liquid bath in order to secure temperature control. The method of calibration and the related experimental data are presented.
Keulegan, G H↗
Pressure drop in tubing in aircraft instrument installations
The theoretical basis of calculation of pressure drop in tubing is reviewed briefly. The effect of pressure drop in connecting tubing upon the operation and indication of aircraft instruments is discussed. Approximate equations are developed, and charts and tables based upon them are presented for use in designing installations of altimeters, air-speed indicators, rate-of-climb indicators, and air-driven gyroscopic instruments.
Wildhack, W A↗
The Master Aircraft Instrument
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
master ASTER aircraft instrument↗
An intercomparison of aircraft instrumentation for tropospheric measurements of sulfur dioxide
As part of the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program, a series of field intercomparisons have been conducted to evaluate the state-of-the art for measuring key tropospheric species. One of the objectives of the third intercomparison campaign in this series, Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation 3 (CITE 3), was to evaluate instrumentation for making reliable tropospheric aircraft measurements of sulfur dioxide, dimethyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon disulfide, and carbonyl sulfide. This paper reports the results of the intercomparisons of five sulfur dioxide measurement methods ranging from filter techniques, in which samples collected in flight are returned to the laboratory for analyses (chemiluminescent or ion chromatographic), to near real-time, in-flight measurements via gas chromatographic, mass spectrometric, and chemiluminescent techniques. All techniques showed some tendency to track sizeable changes in ambient SO2 such as those associated with altitude changes. For SO2 mixing ratios in the range of 200 pptv to a few ppbv, agreement among the techniques varies from about 30% to several orders of magnitude, depending upon the pair of measurements intercompared. For SO2 mixing ratios less than 200 pptv, measurements from the techniques are uncorrelated. In general, observed differences in the measurement of standards do not account for the flight results. The CITE 3 results do not unambiguously identify one or more of the measurement techniques as providing valid or invalid SO2 measurements, but identify the range of 'potential' uncertainty in SO2 measurements reported by currently available instrumentation and as measured under realistic aircraft environments.
Gregory, Gerald L.↗
Satellite communications provisions on NASA Ames instrumented aircraft platforms for Earth science research/applications
Earth science activities at NASA Ames are research in atmospheric and ecosystem science, development of remote sensing and in situ sampling instruments, and their integration into scientific research platform aircraft. The use of satellite communications can greatly extend the capability of these agency research platform aircraft. Current projects and plans involve satellite links on the Perseus UAV and the ER-2 via TDRSS and a proposed experiment on the NASA Advanced Communications Technology Satellite. Provisions for data links on the Perseus research platform, via TDRSS S-band multiple access service, have been developed and are being tested. Test flights at Dryden are planned to demonstrate successful end-to-end data transfer. A Unisys Corp. airborne satcom STARLink system is being integrated into an Ames ER-2 aircraft. This equipment will support multiple data rates up to 43 Mb/s each via the TDRS S Ku-band single access service. The first flight mission for this high-rate link is planned for August 1995. Ames and JPL have proposed an ACTS experiment to use real-time satellite communications to improve wildfire research campaigns. Researchers and fire management teams making use of instrumented aircraft platforms at a prescribed burn site will be able to communicate with experts at Ames, the U.S. Forest Service, and emergency response agencies.
Shameson, L.↗
Aircraft instrumentation system for the remote sensing of carbon monoxide
A light twin-engine aircraft has been instrumented with a carbon monoxide remote gas sensor system and test flown over the Southern Lake Michigan basin during August, 1976. The remote sensor is based on the gas filter correlation technique. The radiance levels from the sensor along with the data on the surface temperature, air temperature, dewpoint, and altitude were digitized and recorded on seven-track magnetic tape. Air samples were collected at various altitudes over selected sites for later analysis of carbon monoxide concentration and comparison with the inferred concentration from the remote sensor. The values of carbon monoxide obtained from the air samples and the values inferred from the remote sensor for data collected over water are in good agreement.
Beck, S. M.↗
Precision ocean salinity measurements using the passive active L/S band aircraft instrument
Ocean salinity measurements using the Passive Active L/S-band instrument flying on the NCAR C-130 aircraft were made in July 2002 near Monterey, CA.
sea surface salinity microwave radiometer↗
Temperature Coefficient of the Modulus of Rigidity of Aircraft Instrument Diaphragm and Spring Materials
Experimental data are presented on the variation of the modulus of rigidity in the temperature range -20 to +50 degrees C. of a number of metals which are of possible use for elastic elements for aircraft and other instruments. The methods of the torsional pendulum was used to determine the modulus of rigidity and its temperature coefficient for aluminum, duralumin, monel metal, brass, phosphor bronze, coin silver, nickel silver, three high carbon steels, and three alloy steels. It was observed that tensile stress affected the values of the modulus by amounts of 1 per cent or less.
Brombacher, W G↗
Realistic localizer courses for aircraft instrument landing simulators
The realistic instrument landing simulator (ILS) course structures for use in aircraft simulators are described. Software developed for data conversion and translation of ILS course structure measurements and calcomp plots of the courses provided are described. A method of implementing the ILS course structure data in existing aircraft simulators is outlined. A cockpit used in the lab to review the digitized ILS course structures is displayed.
Murphy, T. A.↗
Optimal input design for aircraft instrumentation systematic error estimation
A new technique for designing optimal flight test inputs for accurate estimation of instrumentation systematic errors was developed and demonstrated. A simulation model of the F-18 High Angle of Attack Research Vehicle (HARV) aircraft was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the optimal input compared to input recorded during flight test. Instrumentation systematic error parameter estimates and their standard errors were compared. It was found that the optimal input design improved error parameter estimates and their accuracies for a fixed time input design. Pilot acceptability of the optimal input design was demonstrated using a six degree-of-freedom fixed base piloted simulation of the F-18 HARV. The technique described in this work provides a practical, optimal procedure for designing inputs for data compatibility experiments.
Morelli, Eugene A.↗