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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,783 records · Page 99
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Utah FORGE: Powder X-ray Diffraction Data from Well 16A(78)-32 Core

This dataset from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) consists of four raw X-ray diffraction (XRD) scans and preliminary results of quantitative XRD analysis. The scanned samples were prepared from four subcores, which came from various depths of the FORGE well 16A(78)-32 core. Desired core lengths were selected from available core photos (on GDR), provided by FORGE personnel, and subcored at LLNL. The XRD scans were collected in May 2023 at LLNL as pre-experimental characterization data for these subcores, which will be used in core-flooding experiments at LLNL and in triaxial direct shear experiments at Los Alamos National Laboratory as part of DOE Project 5-2428. XRD scans are in RAW file format (e.g., FORGE-5477-full.raw) and are suitable for viewing and analysis using open-source quantitative XRD software (e.g., Profex; www.profex-xrd.org ) and/or other proprietary instrument software.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

SPRUCE Wood Anatomy of Picea mariana and Larix laricina in SPRUCE Experimental Plots, Marcell Experimental Forest, Minnesota, July 2023

Branch samples were collected in July 2023 to measure wood anatomical traits on two dominant conifer species, Picea mariana and Larix laricina, in a bog forest at the SPRUCE (Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments) experiment in northern Minnesota. Anatomical measurements were made on the annual rings of those branches with dates ranging from 2011-2023. Wood anatomical measurements include annual tracheid diameter, tracheid density, cell wall thickness, thickness-to-span-ratio, and conduit lumen fraction in both earlywood and latewood. Wood anatomical samples were prepared using a portable sliding microtome (G.S.L.-1 lightweight microtome, WSL) and a light microscope (Leica DM2500). This dataset spans 2011–2023, with full branch-level coverage for 2020–2023, whereas some thinner branches formed only in recent years and therefore do not contain rings from earlier years. By providing annual, treatment-specific anatomical measurements, this dataset can help quantify structural acclimation to global change, clarify links among phenology, wood formation, and hydraulic traits, and improve predictions of forest growth response under future climates. This dataset contains one data file in comma separate (.csv) format. Additional metadata are provided: one data dictionary and a file-level metadata file in comma separate (.csv) format and a user guide in PDF (*.pdf) format.

annual tracheid diameter↗
DOE OSTI2015

Stainless Steel Permeability

An understanding of the behavior of hydrogen isotopes in materials is critical to predicting tritium transport in structural metals (at high pressure), estimating tritium losses during production (fission environment), and predicting in-vessel inventory for future fusion devices (plasma driven permeation). Current models often assume equilibrium diffusivity and solubility for a class of materials (e.g. stainless steels or aluminum alloys), neglecting trapping effects or, at best, considering a single population of trapping sites. Permeation and trapping studies of the particular castings and forgings enable greater confidence and reduced margins in the models. For FY15, we have continued our investigation of the role of ferrite in permeation for steels of interest to GTS, through measurements of the duplex steel 2507. We also initiated an investigation of the permeability in work hardened materials, to follow up on earlier observations of unusual permeability in a particular region of 304L forgings. Samples were prepared and characterized for ferrite content and coated with palladium to prevent oxidation. Issues with the poor reproducibility of measurements at low permeability were overcome, although the techniques in use are tedious. Funding through TPBAR and GTS were secured for a research grade quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) and replacement turbo pumps, which should improve the fidelity and throughput of measurements in FY16.

Buchenauer, Dean A.↗
DOE OSTI2018

U 3 Si 2 Fabrication and Testing for Implementation into the BISON Fuel Performance Code

A creep test stand was designed and constructed for compressive creep testing of U 3 Si 2 pellets. This is described in Chapter 3. Creep testing of U 3 Si 2 pellets was completed. In total, 13 compressive creep tests of U 3 Si 2 pellets was successfully completed. This is reported in Chapter 3. Secondary creep model of U 3 Si 2 was developed and implemented in BISON. This is described in Chapter 4. Properties of U 3 Si 2 were implemented in BISON. This is described in Chapter 4. A resonant frequency and damping analyzer (RFDA) using impulse excitation technique (IET) was setup, tested, and used to analyze U 3 Si 2 samples to measure Young’s and Shear Moduli which were then used to calculate the Poisson ratio for U 3 Si 2 . This is described in Chapter 5. Characterization of U 3 Si 2 samples was completed. Samples were prepared and analyzed by XRD, SEM, and optical microscopy. Grain size analysis was conducted on images. SEM with EDS was used to analyze second phase precipitates. Impulse excitation technique was used to determine the Young’s and Shear Moduli of a tile specimen which allowed for the determination of the Poisson ratio. Helium pycnometry and mercury intrusion porosimetry was performed and used with image analysis to determine porosity size distribution. Vickers microindentation characterization method was used to evaluate the mechanical properties of U 3 Si 2 including toughness, hardness, and Vickers hardness. Electrical resistivity measurement was done using the four-point probe method. This is reported in Chapter 5.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Integrated characterization of CO 2 storage reservoirs on the Rock Springs Uplift combining geomechanics, geochemistry, and flow modeling

This project improves understanding of the effects CO 2 injection and storage on geomechanical, petrophysical, and other properties on two potential reservoirs, the Madison Limestone and Weber Sandstone, at the Rock Springs Uplift, southwest Wyoming. Rock physics studies, laboratory experiments, and computer simulations were employed. Two groups of rock samples were prepared, one aged with formation brine and the second aged with CO 2 -saturated formation brine and subsequently used for geomechanical, geochemical, and petrophysical testing. Rock physics studies provided a facies classification to discriminate among different lithologies and to investigate the feasibility of predicting petrophysical properties using seismic inversion. By applying a zone-wise regression relation established in this facies analysis, a 3D reservoir model was developed. It was determined that time-lapse seismic data are not feasible for monitoring CO 2 displacement at the Rock Springs Uplift or to mitigate leakage-risks situations because pressure and fluid saturation have small effects on elastic velocities and synthetic seismograms. The small variations that do occur are due to the low porosity of the sandstone and the high stiffness of the dolomite. In the Madison Limestone, mineral dissolution due to reaction with CO 2 -saturated brine was observed in highly permeable pathways while mineral precipitation happened in intergranular or micropores. Changes in pore size were quantified via Time-Domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance transverse relaxation time (T 2 ) and diffusion coefficient distributions. As opposed to continuous injection of CO 2 -saturated brine, a subtle increase in porosity after static ‘soaking’ with CO 2 -saturated brine increases permeability due to the heterogeneity of changes in pore and pore throat sizes. Porosity-permeability relationships are fitted using a power-law function that can be adopted to model time-evolved porosity and permeability in a transport-limited CO 2 injection process. The effect of CO 2 -saturated brine on the linear elastic properties of Weber Sandstone and Madison Limestone cannot be generally concluded. Considering horizontal and vertical orientations and different confining pressures, no consistent relationship between stress (or strain) data and reaction with CO 2 -saturated brine was observed in the nonlinear plastic and post-failure regime. The change of elastic constants due to reaction with CO 2 -saturated brine is more significant in Madison Limestone than in Weber Sandstone; however, no consistent trend was observed. Reservoir simulations suggest that injectivity for Weber Sandstone is adversely impacted by low permeability. Changes in confining pressure do not impact injection rate and can be ignored while the effect of changes to pore pressure cannot. The effect of confining pressure and pore pressure on the size of the CO 2 plume in the Madison Limestone is negligible because of higher permeability. Geomechanical and petrophysical properties induced by CO 2 -brine-rock reactions were time-dependent. Simulations considered these time-dependent properties and indicate that injectivity, porosity distribution, pressure distribution and CO 2 saturation were affected.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

The Thermodynamics of Crystallization and Phase-Separation in Melt-Derived Nuclear Waste Forms

This project aimed to gain detailed and fundamental understanding of the stability of glass waste forms to be used for safe and reliable encapsulation of nuclear waste. The focus was to understand thermodynamic and structural properties involved in crystallization and phase separation in melt-derived waste form glasses and glass-ceramics by studying a baseline glass composition with varying additives. This was achieved by combining neutron total scattering, advanced calorimetric measurements, and extensive modeling study. This project harnessed diverse and complementary approaches and expertise from four collaborating interdisciplinary institutions (two universities, one national laboratory, and one UK university partner). Samples were prepared at the national laboratory and exchanged with the two university institutions. The thermodynamic data obtained by various advanced calorimetry techniques were linked to the underlying short-range structure of waste forms measured by state-of-the-art neutron total scattering experiments. An important element of this project was extensive modeling to interpret and fundamentally understand the experimental results.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2025

A new capability facilitating nuclear materials research: the Activated Materials Laboratory at the Advanced Photon Source

The Activated Materials Laboratory (AML), located in the Long Beamline Building (LBB) of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) of Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), serves as a centralized radiological facility for preparing radioactive samples for APS beamline experiments. The AML is equipped to receive shipments, handle open-form radioactive materials, encapsulate samples, and transport samples to-and-from beamline end-stations. The AML works closely with users and the APS radiological safety committee to make sure the safe conduct of experiments.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

193 mIr/ 192 Ir ratio from irradiation with various NCERC critical assemblies

Eight irradiations of K 2 IrCl 6 pellets were carried out with three critical assemblies: Flattop-Oy, Flattop-Pu and Godiva IV. One of the irradiations was performed with three pellets at different locations of the critical assembly, while the other irradiations with pellets at the center, but operating the critical assembly at different power and, respectively, different neutron flux. Counting samples were prepared from the irradiated pellets and X-ray spectra measured with silicone drift detectors. The 193 mIr/ 192 Ir ratio is reported for each irradiation.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2019

(111) single crystal NaAu2 images, parameters, and data

These are the original images, parameter files, and data for the figures in the manuscript “Bulk Single Crystal Growth and Sample Surface Preparation of Catalytic NaAu2” submitted to Journal of Alloys and Compounds.

Schlagel, Deborah↗
DOE OSTI2020

ATOMIC Simulations and Experimental Data for Basalt-like Compounds

This data consists of simulations and experimental measurements of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The simulations are produced by ATOMIC, a general purpose plasma modeling and kinetics code that has been designed to compute emission (or absorption) spectra from plasmas [2]. The makeup of the plasma was considered to be divided into some proportion water, some proportion Martian atmosphere (CO2), and some proportion target (from the rock or object impacted by the laser), where these proportions add to 1. Based on expert knowledge, the proportion of water was kept in the range [0.0,0.5] and the proportion of atmosphere was kept in the range [0.02, 0.9]. Our overall suite of simulations contains six sets of simulations that differ in which elements were considered to make up the target. Within each set, we used uniformly drawn temperatures and log mass densities within pre-specified ranges. The temperature range was [0.5,1.5] eV and the log (base 10) mass density range was [-7,-4]. The proportion of water, atmosphere, and target were drawn from a symmetric Dirichlet distribution, but draws in which the propor- tion of water or atmosphere exceeded the pre-specified limits were rejected from the design. Up to eleven constituent elements (Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, O, Ti, Mn, Na, K, P) were considered for the target, as they are the most common elements found in basalt compounds and were used in [1]. For each run, the proportions of the constituent elements making up the target were drawn from a symmetric Dirichlet distribution. We ran 1,350 simulations that included nonzero proportions of all eleven elements. We also ran simulations which excluded some of these elements. In particular, we ran 1,000 simulations that only included nonzero proportions for the six most common elements (Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, O). We also ran five sets, each with 500 simulations, that only included nonzero proportions for five of the six most common elements (but where all sets included O). Thus, we generated a total of 4,850 spectra representing basalt-like compounds in which the target was comprised of oxygen and between four and ten other elements. The ATOMIC code produced spectra over a range of 240nm - 880nm that roughly mimics the range collected by the ChemCam instrument on the Mars rover Curiosity. Each spectra had 32,000 wavelengths split across three spectrometer ranges (to mimic ChemCam). The experimental data, described in [1], measures a prepared basalt sample. All files are kept in directories whose names indicate the set of elements considered for the target with file names numbered to indicate the line in the design files used to produce the simulation. The designs are provided as text files with names indicating their purpose. The experimental data is provided as a CSV file which contains a header with measurement information, followed by a collection of 50 shots across a collection of wavelengths, along with the computed median and mean across shots.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Cellulose crystallinity index (CrI) of switchgrass measured by solid-state NMR

Here we present a curated dataset of switchgrass cellulose crystallinity index (CrI) measured using solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Seventy-two topline switchgrass lines grown in greenhouse were collected and ground to -20/+80 mesh. The switchgrass was then Soxhlet-extracted with toluene/ethanol for 24 h to remove extractives. The extractives-free switchgrass was holopulped by using peracetic acid at 5 g loading per g biomass and the solution consistency was adjusted to 5% with DI water. Holopulping was conducted at room temperature for 24 h with stirring. The obtained holocellulose was washed excessively with DI water and air-dried at room temperature for 24 h. The dried holocellulose was treated with hydrochloric acid (2.5 M) for 2 h to remove hemicellulose. The isolated cellulose was collected by filtration, rinsed with DI water, and used to analyze cellulose crystallinity by solid-state NMR. The NMR samples were prepared by packing the moisturized cellulose into 4-mm cylindrical Zirconia MAS rotors. Cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR analysis of cellulose was carried out on a Bruker Avance III 400-MHz spectrometer operating at 100.59 MHz for 13C in a Bruker double-resonance MAS probe head at spinning speeds of 8 kHz. The CP/MAS experiments utilized a 5 ms (90°) proton pulse, 1.5 ms contact pulse, 4 s recycle delay and 4000 scans. The cellulose crystallinity index was determined from the areas of the cellulose crystalline C4 signal (δ 86-92 ppm) over the entire C4 regions (δ 79-92 ppm) in the NMR spectra.

Cellulose, crystallinity index, switchgrass, solid↗
DOE OSTI2024

Investigation of the thermal decomposition of Pu(IV) oxalate: a transmission electron microscopy study

The degradation of the internal structure of plutonium (IV) oxalate during calcination was investigated with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction, Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy (EELS), and 4D Scanning TEM (STEM). TEM lift-outs were prepared from samples that had been calcined at 300°C, 450°C, 650°C and 950°C. The resulting phase at all calcination temperatures was identified as PuO 2 with electron diffraction. The grain size range was obtained with high-resolution TEM. In addition, 4D STEM images were analyzed to provide grain size distributions. In the 300°C calcined sample, the grains were <10 nm in diameter, at 650°C, the grains ranged from 10 to 20 nm, and by 950°C, the grains were 95–175 nm across. Using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) two sample test, it was shown that morphological measurements obtained from 4D-STEM provided statistically significant distributions to distinguish samples at the different calcination conditions. Using STEM-EELS, carbon was shown to be present in the low temperature calcined samples associated with oxalate but had formed carbon (possibly graphite) deposits in the 950°C calcined sample. This work highlights the new methods of STEM-EELS and 4D-STEM for studying the internal structure of special nuclear materials (SNM).

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Detection of Foreign Materials on Broiler Breast Meat Using a Fusion of Visible Near-Infrared and Short-Wave Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging

Foreign material (FM) found on a poultry product lowers the quality and safety of the product. We developed a fusion method combining two hyperspectral imaging (HSI) modalities in the visible-near infrared (VNIR) range of 400–1000 nm and the short-wave infrared (SWIR) range of 1000–2500 nm for the detection of FMs on the surface of fresh raw broiler breast fillets. Thirty different types of FMs that could be commonly found in poultry processing plants were used as samples and prepared in two different sizes (5 × 5 mm 2 and 2 × 2 mm 2 ). The accuracies of the developed Fusion model for detecting 2 × 2 mm 2 pieces of polymer, wood, and metal were 95%, 95%, and 81%, respectively, while the detection accuracies of the Fusion model for detecting 5 × 5 mm 2 pieces of polymer, wood, and metal were all 100%. The performance of the Fusion model was higher than the VNIR- and SWIR-based detection models by 18% and 5%, respectively, when F1 scores were compared, and by 38% and 5%, when average detection rates were compared. The study results suggested that the fusion of two HSI modalities could detect FMs more effectively than a single HSI modality.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Rapid, portable, multiplexed detection of bacterial pathogens directly from clinical sample matrices

Enteric and diarrheal diseases are a major cause of childhood illness and death in countries with developing economies. Each year, more than half of a million children under the age of five die from these diseases. We have developed a portable, microfluidic platform capable of simultaneous, multiplexed detection of several of the bacterial pathogens that cause these diseases. Furthermore, this platform can perform fast, sensitive immunoassays directly from relevant, complex clinical matrices such as stool without extensive sample cleanup or preparation. Using only 1 µL of sample per assay, we demonstrate simultaneous multiplexed detection of four bacterial pathogens implicated in diarrheal and enteric diseases in less than 20 min.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2020

An A- and B-Site Substitutional Study of SrFeO3−δ Perovskites for Solar Thermochemical Air Separation

An A‑ and B‑site substitutional study of SrFeO3−δ perovskites (A’xA1−xB’yB1−yO3−δ, where A = Sr and B = Fe) was performed for a two‑step solar thermochemical air separation cycle. The cycle steps encompass (1) the thermal reduction of A’xSr1−xB’yFe1−yO3−δ driven by concentrated solar irradiation and (2) the oxidation of A’xSr1−xB’yFe1−yO3−δ in air to remove O2, leaving N2. The oxidized A’xSr1−xB’yFe1−yO3−δ is recycled back to the first step to complete the cycle, resulting in the separation of N2 from air and concentrated solar irradiation. A-site substitution fractions between 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2 were examined for A’ = Ba, Ca, and La. B-site substitution fractions between 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.2 were examined for B’ = Cr, Cu, Co, and Mn. Samples were prepared with a modified Pechini method and characterized with X-ray diffractometry. The mass changes and deviations from stoichiometry were evaluated with thermogravimetry in three screenings with temperature- and O2 pressure-swings between 573 and 1473 K and 20% O2/Ar and 100% Ar at 1 bar, respectively. A’ = Ba or La and B’ = Co resulted in the most improved redox capacities amongst temperature- and O2 pressure-swing experiments.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Bismuth Subcarbonate Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for the Sensitive Stripping Voltammetry Analysis of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in Water

In this paper, bismuth subcarbonate (BiO)2CO3-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite incorporated in Nafion matrix ((BiO)2CO3-rGO-Nafion) was synthesized and further applied, for the first time, in the sensitive detection of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The as-synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). (BiO)2CO3 composite plays a key role in the improvement of the detection sensitivity, which can form multicomponent alloy with cadmium and lead. Additionally, the unique structure of rGO can enlarge the surface area and provide abundant active sites. Moreover, Nafion incorporation in the nanocomposite can effectively increase the adhesion and mechanical strength of the film, and further improve the preconcetration ability due to the cation-exchange capacity of its abundant sulfonate groups. As expected, the (BiO)2CO3-rGO/Nafion nanocomposite-modified glassy carbon electrode ((BiO)2CO3-rGO-Nafion/GCE) achieved low detection limits of 0.24 μg/L for Pb(II) and 0.16 μg/L for Cd(II), in the linear range of 1.0–60 μg/L, and showed some excellent performance, such as high stability, good selectivity, and sensitivity. Finally, synthetic water samples were prepared and further used to verify the practicability of the (BiO)2CO3-rGO-Nafion/GCE with satisfactory results.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2017

30 GeV pgun collisions, Single particles type, PARTICLE GUN generator: pgun_elec_eta45_30gev

Single particle gun for detector studies: A particle gun with single electrons. One e+/e- per event. 5000 events per file. Production at (x,y,z,t)=(0,0,0,0). e+ and e- are alternated. Momentum is random from 0 to 30 GeV. Uniform distribution in Phi. Uniform distribution in the Eta (pseudorapidity) range [-4.5, 4.5]. This sample was prepared for the EIC detector studies (DIS)

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗