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Bleed Cycle Propellant Pumping in a Gas-Core Nuclear Rocket Engine System

The performance of ideal and real staged primary propellant pumps and bleed-powered turbines was calculated for gas-core nuclear rocket engines over a range of operating pressures from 500 to 5000 atm. This study showed that for a required engine operating pressure of 1000 atm the pump work was about 0.8 hp/(lb/sec), the specific impulse penalty resulting from the turbine propellant bleed flow as about 10 percent; and the heat required to preheat the propellant was about 7.8 MW/(lb/sec). For a specific impulse above 2400 sec, there is an excess of energy available in the moderator due to the gamma and neutron heating that occurs there. Possible alternative pumping cycles are the Rankine or Brayton cycles.

Gas-core↗

Internal-Film Cooling of Rocket Nozzles

Experiments were conducted with 1000-pound-thrust rocket engine to determine feasibility of cooling convergent-divergent nozzle by internal film of water introduced at nozzle entrance. Water flow of 3 percent of propellant flow reduced heat flow into nozzle to 55 percent of uncooled heat flow. Introduction of water by porous ring before nozzle resulted in more uniform coverage of nozzle than water introduced by single arrangement of 36 jets directed along nozzle wall. Water flow through porous ring of 3.5 percent of propellant flow stabilized wall temperature in convergent section but did not adequately cool throat or divergent sections.

HEAT TRANSFER↗