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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,783 records · Page 99
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2017

Weather from 250 Miles Up: Visualizing Precipitation Satellite Data (and Other Weather Applications) Using CesiumJS

Geospatial weather visualization remains predominately a two-dimensional endeavor. Even popular advanced tools like the Nullschool Earth display 2-dimensional fields on a 3-dimensional globe. Yet much of the observational data and model output contains detailed three-dimensional fields. In 2014, NASA and JAXA (Japanese Space Agency) launched the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite. Its two instruments, the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) and GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) observe much of the Earth's atmosphere between 65 degrees North Latitude and 65 degrees South Latitude. As part of the analysis and visualization tools developed by the Precipitation Processing System (PPS) Group at NASA Goddard, a series of CesiumJS [Using Cesium Markup Language (CZML), JavaScript (JS) and JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)] -based globe viewers have been developed to improve data acquisition decision making and to enhance scientific investigation of the satellite data. Other demos have also been built to illustrate the capabilities of CesiumJS in presenting atmospheric data, including model forecasts of hurricanes, observed surface radar data, and gridded analyses of global precipitation. This talk will present these websites and the various workflows used to convert binary satellite and model data into a form easily integrated with CesiumJS.

web applications↗
DOE OSTI2019

Machine Learning the Voltage of Electrode Materials in Metal-Ion Batteries

Machine-learning (ML) techniques have rapidly found applications in many domains of materials chemistry and physics where large data sets are available. Aiming to accelerate the discovery of materials for battery applications, in this work, we develop a tool based on ML models to predict voltages of electrode materials for metal-ion batteries. To this end, we use deep neural network, support vector machine, and kernel ridge regression as ML algorithms in combination with data taken from the Materials Project database, as well as feature vectors from properties of chemical compounds and elemental properties of their constituents. We show that our ML models have predictive capabilities for different reference test sets and, as an example, we utilize them to generate a voltage profile diagram and compare it to density functional theory calculations. In addition, using our models, we propose nearly 5000 candidate electrode materials for Na- and K-ion batteries. We also make available a web-accessible tool that, within a minute, can be used to estimate the voltage of any bulk electrode material for a number of metal ions. Here, these results show that ML is a promising alternative for computationally demanding calculations as a first screening tool of novel materials for battery applications.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
NASA NTRS2004

Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Missions and Instruments: Hopes and Hope Fulfilled

The titles in this section include: 1) Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera in the Extended Mission: The MOC Toolkit; 2) Mars Odyssey THEMIS-VIS Calibration; 3) Early Science Operations and Results from the ESA Mars Express Mission: Focus on Imaging and Spectral Mapping; 4) The Mars Express/NASA Project at JPL; 5) Beagle 2: Mission to Mars - Current Status; 6) The Beagle 2 Microscope; 7) Mars Environmental Chamber for Dynamic Dust Deposition and Statics Analysis; 8) Locating Targets for CRISM Based on Surface Morphology and Interpretation of THEMIS Data; 9) The Phoenix Mission to Mars; 10) First Studies of Possible Landing Sites for the Phoenix Mars Scout Mission Using the BMST; 11) The 2009 Mars Telecommunications Orbiter; 12) The Aurora Exploration Program - The ExoMars Mission; 13) Electron-induced Luminescence and X-Ray Spectrometer (ELXS) System Development; 14) Remote-Raman and Micro-Raman Studies of Solid CO2, CH4, Gas Hydrates and Ice; 15) The Compact Microimaging Spectrometer (CMIS): A New Tool for In-Situ Planetary Science; 16) Preliminary Results of a New Type of Surface Property Measurement Ideal for a Future Mars Rover Mission; 17) Electrodynamic Dust Shield for Solar Panels on Mars; 18) Sensor Web for Spatio-Temporal Monitoring of a Hydrological Environment; 19) Field Testing of an In-Situ Neutron Spectrometer for Planetary Exploration: First Results; 20) A Miniature Solid-State Spectrometer for Space Applications - Field Tests; 21) Application of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) to Mars Polar Exploration: LIBS Analysis of Water Ice and Water Ice/Soil Mixtures; 22) LIBS Analysis of Geological Samples at Low Pressures: Application to Mars, the Moon, and Asteroids; 23) In-Situ 1-D and 2-D Mapping of Soil Core and Rock Samples Using the LIBS Long Spark; 24) Rocks Analysis at Stand Off Distance by LIBS in Martian Conditions; 25) Evaluation of a Compact Spectrograph/Detection System for a LIBS Instrument for In-Situ and Stand-Off Detection; 26) Analysis of Organic Compounds in Mars Analog Samples; 27) Report of the Organic Contamination Science Steering Group; 28) The Water-Wheel IR (WIR) - A Contact Survey Experiment for Water and Carbonates on Mars; 29) Mid-IR Fiber Optic Probe for In Situ Water Detection and Characterization; 30) Effects of Subsurface Sampling & Processing on Martian Simulant Containing Varying Quantities of Water; 31) The Subsurface Ice Probe (SIPR): A Low-Power Thermal Probe for the Martian Polar Layered Deposits; 32) Deploying Ground Penetrating Radar in Planetary Analog Sites to Evaluate Potential Instrument Capabilities on Future Mars Missions; 33) Evaluation of Rock Powdering Methods to Obtain Fine-grained Samples for CHEMIN, a Combined XRD/XRF Instrument; 34) Novel Sample-handling Approach for XRD Analysis with Minimal Sample Preparation; 35) A New Celestial Navigation Method for Mars Landers; 36) Mars Mineral Spectroscopy Web Site: A Resource for Remote Planetary Spectroscopy.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2019

Functional uncertainty quantification for isobaric molecular dynamics simulations and defect formation energies

Functional uncertainty quantification (FunUQ) was recently proposed to quantify uncertainties in models and simulations that originate from input functions, as opposed to parameters. This paper extends here FunUQ to quantify uncertainties originating from interatomic potentials in isothermal-isobaric molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and to the calculation of defect formation energies. We derive and verify a computationally inexpensive expression to compute functional derivatives in MD based on perturbation theory. We show that this functional derivative of the quantities of interest (average internal energy, volume, and defect energies in our case) with respect to the interatomic potential can be used to predict those quantities for a different interatomic potential, without re-running the simulation. The codes and scripts to perform FunUQ in MD are freely available for download. In addition, to facilitate reproducibility and to enable use of best practices for the approach, we created Jupyter notebooks to perform FunUQ analysis on MD simulations and made them available for online simulation in nanoHUB. The tool uses cloud computing resources and users can view, edit, and run end-to-end workflows from a standard web-browser without the need to download or install any software.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1995

Three two-week enhancement institutes: Design and implementation of the technology and telecomputing component

The Teacher Enhancement Institute (TEI), under the direction of the Center Education Programs Officer offered three two-week workshops to 58 elementary and middle school teachers in science, math, and technology using the Problem Based Learning Model. The 1995 program was designed with input from evaluations and recommendations from previous TEI participants and faculty. The TEI focused on Aviation and Aeronautics as the unifying theme. Four specific objectives were developed. After completing the requirements for the TEI, the participants should be able to: (1) Increase their content knowledge, particularly in aeronautics, science, math, and technology; (2) Design and implement lessons that use scientific inquiry through Problem Based Learning; (3) Demonstrate knowledge of instructional technologies, their uses, and applications to curricula; and (4) Disseminate to their school communities the information acquired through the TEI. Thirty percent of the program was devoted to the effective use of computer technology. SpaceLink, the NASA telecomputing service for educators, was the primary tool used in the technology component of the institute. The training focused on the use of SpaceLink and its many educational services, and Internet tools because of its universal, nongraphical link to any computer plafform the participant may use at his or her school or home. All participants were given Educator Accounts to facilitate the use of E-mail, and access to the Internet and the World Wide Web using their SpaceLink accounts. Classroom demonstrations used videotaped guides and handouts to support concepts presented followed by intensive hands-on activities. Each participant was assigned to an individual Power Mac networked workstation and introduced to the state of the art, graphical, Word Wide Web with the Netscape browser. The methodology proved very effective in reaching the program's goals for technology integration by having the participants learn to use the computer as a tool for communication and research rather than teaching the use of any particular software application alone. However, because of the skill level of the majority of the participants, more hands-on computer time is recommended for future Teacher Enhancement Institutes.

Hale, L. Vincent↗
DOE OSTI2025

Fermilab's Transition to Token Authentication

Fermilab is the first High Energy Physics institution to transition from X.509 user certificates to authentication tokens in production systems. All the experiments that Fermilab hosts are now using JSON Web Token (JWT) access tokens in their grid jobs. Many software components have been either updated or created for this transition, and most of the software is available to others as open source. The tokens are defined using the WLCG Common JWT Profile. Token attributes for all the tokens are stored in the Fermilab FERRY system which generates the configuration for the CILogon token issuer. High security-value refresh tokens are stored in Hashicorp Vault configured by htvault-config, and JWT access tokens are requested by the htgettoken client through its integration with HTCondor. The Fermilab job submission system jobsub was redesigned to be a lightweight wrapper around HTCondor. The grid workload management system GlideinWMS which is also based on HTCondor was updated to use tokens for pilot job submission. For automated job submissions a managed tokens service was created to reduce duplication of effort and knowledge of how to securely keep tokens active. The existing Fermilab file transfer tool ifdh was updated to work seamlessly with tokens, as well as the Fermilab POMS (Production Operations Management System) which is used to manage automatic job submission and the RCDS (Rapid Code Distribution System) which is used to distribute analysis code via the CernVM FileSystem. The dCache storage system was reconfigured to accept tokens for authentication in place of X.509 proxy certificates. As some services and sites have not yet implemented token support, proxy certificates are still sent with jobs for backwards compatibility, but some experiments are beginning to transition to stop using them.

Dykstra, Dave [Fermilab] (ORCID:0000000326539015)↗
NASA NTRS2014

Explaining Earths Energy Budget: CERES-Based NASA Resources for K-12 Education and Public Outreach

Among atmospheric scientists, the importance of the Earth radiation budget concept is well understood. Papers have addressed the topic for over 100 years, and the large Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) science team (among others), with its multiple on-orbit instruments, is working hard to quantify the details of its various parts. In education, Earth's energy budget is a concept that generally appears in middle school and Earth science curricula, but its treatment in textbooks leaves much to be desired. Students and the public hold many misconceptions, and very few people have an appreciation for the importance of this energy balance to the conditions on Earth. More importantly, few have a correct mental model that allows them to make predictions and understand the effect of changes such as increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. As an outreach element of the core CERES team at NASA Langley, a multi-disciplinary group of scientists, educators, graphic artists, writers, and web developers has been developing and refining graphics and resources to explain the Earth's Energy budget over the last few decades. Resources have developed through an iterative process involving ongoing use in front of a variety of audiences, including students and teachers from 3rd to 12th grade as well as public audiences.

Chambers, L. H.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Impurities in silicon solar cells

Metallic impurities, both singly and in combinations, affect the performance of silicon solar cells. Czochralski silicon web crystals were grown with controlled additions of secondary impurities. The primary electrical dopants were boron and phosphorus. The silicon test ingots were grown under controlled and carefully monitored conditions from high-purity charge and dopant material to minimize unintentional contamination. Following growth, each crystal was characterized by chemical, microstructural, electrical, and solar cell tests to provide a detailed and internally consistent description of the relationships between silicon impurity concentration and solar cell performance. Deep-level spectroscopy measurements were used to measure impurity concentrations at levels below the detectability of other techniques and to study thermally-induced changes in impurity activity. For the majority of contaminants, impurity-induced performance loss is due to a reduction of the base diffusion length. From these observations, a semi-empirical model which predicts cell performance as a function of metal impurity concentration was formulated. The model was then used successfully to predict the behavior of solar cells bearing as many as 11 different impurities.

Hopkins, R. H.↗
NASA NTRS2005

Sensor Webs: Autonomous Rapid Response to Monitor Transient Science Events

To better understand how physical phenomena, such as volcanic eruptions, evolve over time, multiple sensor observations over the duration of the event are required. Using sensor web approaches that integrate original detections by in-situ sensors and global-coverage, lower-resolution, on-orbit assets with automated rapid response observations from high resolution sensors, more observations of significant events can be made with increased temporal, spatial, and spectral resolution. This paper describes experiments using Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) along with other space and ground assets to implement progressive mission autonomy to identify, locate and image with high resolution instruments phenomena such as wildfires, volcanoes, floods and ice breakup. The software that plans, schedules and controls the various satellite assets are used to form ad hoc constellations which enable collaborative autonomous image collections triggered by transient phenomena. This software is both flight and ground based and works in concert to run all of the required assets cohesively and includes software that is model-based, artificial intelligence software.

Mandl, Dan↗
NASA NTRS2019

Designing the User Experience for Earth Observation Data Services in the Cloud

NASA's Earth Observation (EO) inventory is projected to grow by an order of magnitude over the next 5-6 years. The current mode for working with EO data of downloading the data to a local machine (laptop, desktop or server) will be difficult to sustain for these upcoming volumes. Therefore, NASA is in the process of developing a capability to host large volume data in commercial cloud, with an eye toward encouraging data analysis in the cloud. However, in order for the user community to take advantage of this new mode of data interaction, the user experience must be redesigned. Cloud-hosted data brings new challenges, such as managing the costs of data egress and working with data in Web Object Storage instead of a Posix filesystem. However, it also brings new opportunities. Scaling data transformation processes may permit more synchronous data services with near-immediate response vs. cumbersome ordering systems with latencies of hours or days. Data co-location in the cloud can facilitate data integration and fusion. Highly scalable filesystems and databases in the cloud support data reorganization to facilitate analysis at scale. In the course of NASA's reimagining of the User Experience for EO data usage relies on end user input gathered through surveys, workshops and meetings (such as this). At the same time, we have embarked on a course of pedagogy and capacity building to help the user community evolve to cloud-based analysis.

Lynnes, Christopher↗
DOE OSTI2022

SourceFinder: a Machine-Learning-Based Tool for Identification of Chromosomal, Plasmid, and Bacteriophage Sequences from Assemblies

High-throughput genome sequencing technologies enable the investigation of complex genetic interactions, including the horizontal gene transfer of plasmids and bacteriophages. However, identifying these elements from assembled reads remains challenging due to genome sequence plasticity and the difficulty in assembling complete sequences. In this study, we developed a classifier, using random forest, to identify whether sequences originated from bacterial chromosomes, plasmids, or bacteriophages. The classifier was trained on a diverse collection of 23,211 chromosomal, plasmid, and bacteriophage sequences from hundreds of bacterial species. In order to adapt the classifier to incomplete sequences, each complete sequence was subsampled into 5,000 nucleotide fragments and further subdivided into k-mers. This three-class classifier succeeded in identifying chromosomes, plasmids, and bacteriophages using k-mer distributions of complete and partial genome sequences, including simulated metagenomic scaffolds with minimum performance of 0.939 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). This classifier, implemented as SourceFinder, has been made available as an online web service to help the community with predicting the chromosomal, plasmid, and bacteriophage sources of assembled bacterial sequence data (https://cge.food.dtu.dk/services/SourceFinder/).

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1997

NASA and Ethics: Training and Practice

This paper is about the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) and the practice of professional ethics. It has been eleven years(Jan. 28, 1986) since the Challenger accident and the past decade has been a time of investigation, assessment, and finger-pointing, as well as a time for introspection and internal reform. While there has been a lot of rhetoric about ethical commitments at NASA, there has also been a dearth of empirically-based knowledge about what NASA and its various contractors are doing about professional ethics and what decisionmaking criteria are being used. It has been a decade of cost-cutting and personnel cut-backs. One has to wonder what, in all this time, NASA has done to create an ethical climate in which events like the Challenger accident are less likely to happen. In the fall of 1995, as part of competition for a mini-grant from NASA, a request for funding to complete an ethical profile of the agency was submitted. This papeR contributes to knowledge about NASA and ethics by reporting on the results of the first year of research which was spent in doing a comprehensive literature and web-site review along with phone interviews and e-mail correspondence with NASA ethics officers. The goal of this first year was to see what ethics activity has been documented and to ascertain what work is being done to raise the ethical question with NASA. Questions for which answers were sought include: (1) What is NASA now doing regarding ethics?; (2) What training is being provided? By whom? For whom?; (3) Are the answers to these questions different at different NASA installations?

Bruce, Willa Marie↗
NASA NTRS2013

Planetary Data Systems (PDS) Imaging Node Atlas II

The Planetary Image Atlas (PIA) is a Rich Internet Application (RIA) that serves planetary imaging data to the science community and the general public. PIA also utilizes the USGS Unified Planetary Coordinate system (UPC) and the on-Mars map server. The Atlas was designed to provide the ability to search and filter through greater than 8 million planetary image files. This software is a three-tier Web application that contains a search engine backend (MySQL, JAVA), Web service interface (SOAP) between server and client, and a GWT Google Maps API client front end. This application allows for the search, retrieval, and download of planetary images and associated meta-data from the following missions: 2001 Mars Odyssey, Cassini, Galileo, LCROSS, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, Mars Exploration Rover, Mars Express, Magellan, Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Pathfinder, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, MESSENGER, Phoe nix, Viking Lander, Viking Orbiter, and Voyager. The Atlas utilizes the UPC to translate mission-specific coordinate systems into a unified coordinate system, allowing the end user to query across missions of similar targets. If desired, the end user can also use a mission-specific view of the Atlas. The mission-specific views rely on the same code base. This application is a major improvement over the initial version of the Planetary Image Atlas. It is a multi-mission search engine. This tool includes both basic and advanced search capabilities, providing a product search tool to interrogate the collection of planetary images. This tool lets the end user query information about each image, and ignores the data that the user has no interest in. Users can reduce the number of images to look at by defining an area of interest with latitude and longitude ranges.

Stanboli, Alice↗
DOE OSTI2019

Quantifying Rates of Erosion Using Historical Aerial Photos - 19478

Erosion can play an important role in the fate and transport of waste at sites where disposal of long-lived waste is anticipated. The statistical characterization of key processes related to erosion is essential to the understanding of site stability through time. In this work multi-temporal historical aerial images are analyzed in conjunction with orthophotography and Lidar data to develop probability distributions for variables representing important erosion processes. Scans of photographic negatives were obtained for multiple photographs and several negatives were scanned with a calibrated photogrammetric scanner by Geomni (formerly Blue Skies Consulting) in Belen, New Mexico. Other negatives were provided by USDA or scanned on a high-resolution, large format media scanner in the United States National Archives Cartographic Research Room, College Park, Maryland (1939). An additional set of aerial photographs was obtained from the USGS EROS Data Center web site. For other years, photographic prints were available for aerial photography. Several prints were scanned with a large-format media scanner at 1200 dpi. Ground control points for selected digital images used in the stereoscopic analyses were identified in ArcMap. Ground control points were collected by matching features which could be identified in the aerial photography as well as the orthophotography or shaded relief imagery from the Lidar dataset. Such features included fence line intersections, road intersections, railroad bridges, and structures, depending on the age of the photography. Many old fence lines and abandoned roads remained visible in the shaded relief imagery while they were completely obscured by tree canopy in modern photography. Ground control elevations were sampled from the Lidar-based DEM or directly from point clouds. The image coordinates and matching three-dimensional projected coordinates of the ground control points were exported to IDL where parameters for a three-dimensional direct linear transformation (DLT) were obtained. Built-in singular value decomposition routines were used to solve an overdetermined set of equations for the eleven parameters of the DLT for a particular historical photograph. A solution to the DLT parameters was obtained for each historical aerial photograph in which features of interest were identified using the stereoscope. Ultimately, this process resulted in the identification of locations for features like gully heads using both the Lidar dataset and projection of the estimated location from the historical aerial photo under consideration back to the Lidar dataset. The distance between the estimate of the location from the historical image and that of the Lidar dataset was the estimated distance the feature has moved. This distance was then divided by the number of years between the Lidar dataset and the year of the historical aerial image of interest to get a rate of movement through time. This was done for several dozen points on each historical aerial image. There was inevitable uncertainty associated with the estimation of points from the historical aerial imagery. This includes estimation of changes in locations of features like gully heads through time. In this work a method to estimate the uncertainty associated with measurements of locations of features using the stereoscopic analysis is developed and applied. For features with locations in space that do not change (e.g., road intersections, etc.) the difference in measurements of locations from the Lidar dataset and that of the estimate from the historical aerial image provides an observation of the measurement error. These points used to estimate the measurement error are referred to as control points. For each of the historical aerial images, a different measurement error distribution is estimated using control points. These measurement errors are combined with the estimated distances from the stereoscopic analyses to produce distributions of gully retreat rates and hillslope erosion rates used along with output from Erosion Working Group (EWG) Landscape Evolution Models (LEMs) to provide statistical probability distributions for input into the PPA Model. Specifically, gully head retreat rate and gully widening rate were characterized using statistical probability distributions. The central limit theorem was then applied to develop rates that represent long-term averages that are used to inform a PPA Model built in GoldSim. The importance of these rates with respect to characterization of future risk can then assessed using sensitivity analyses. This provides an approach to determine if subsequent reduction of the uncertainty associated with the probability distributions of erosion rates will correspond to meaningful reduction in the estimation of future risk from the site. Ultimately this is a general method that utilizes historical aerial imagery to estimate rates of erosion with uncertainty. This information can be used to inform PPA models to project future risks from a given site. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRS1997

Querying Semi-Structured Data

The amount of data of all kinds available electronically has increased dramatically in recent years. The data resides in different forms, ranging from unstructured data in the systems to highly structured in relational database systems. Data is accessible through a variety of interfaces including Web browsers, database query languages, application-specic interfaces, or data exchange formats. Some of this data is raw data, e.g., images or sound. Some of it has structure even if the structure is often implicit, and not as rigid or regular as that found in standard database systems. Sometimes the structure exists but has to be extracted from the data. Sometimes also it exists but we prefer to ignore it for certain purposes such as browsing. We call here semi-structured data this data that is (from a particular viewpoint) neither raw data nor strictly typed, i.e., not table-oriented as in a relational model or sorted-graph as in object databases. As will seen later when the notion of semi-structured data is more precisely de ned, the need for semi-structured data arises naturally in the context of data integration, even when the data sources are themselves well-structured. Although data integration is an old topic, the need to integrate a wider variety of data- formats (e.g., SGML or ASN.1 data) and data found on the Web has brought the topic of semi-structured data to the forefront of research. The main purpose of the paper is to isolate the essential aspects of semi- structured data. We also survey some proposals of models and query languages for semi-structured data. In particular, we consider recent works at Stanford U. and U. Penn on semi-structured data. In both cases, the motivation is found in the integration of heterogeneous data.

DATA MANAGEMENT↗
DOE OSTI2022

EXFOR-NSR PDF database: a system for nuclear knowledge preservation and data curation

Current needs of nuclear science and technology include complete, well-documented, and easily verifiable nuclear data. The complete data records require supporting nuclear bibliography, presently stored in dedicated libraries, in addition, to actual data. Additionally, experimental nuclear reaction data (EXFOR) and Nuclear Science References (NSR) databases contain compilations based on primary (journals) and secondary (conference proceedings, theses, preprints, etc.) publications, and data received from authors via private communications. The secondary library materials and private communications often represent a bottleneck for nuclear data verification, compilation, evaluation, and dissemination activities. To address this issue, bibliographic materials were scanned into PDF (Portable Document Format) files and uploaded in a relational database. The traditional scope of nuclear databases that includes meta-data and numbers derived from data in specialized formats was broadened to accommodate the large volumes of original nuclear data publications. The complete PDF publication files were stored in a relational database as Binary Large OBjects (BLOB). This unique collection of nuclear data compilations and supporting publications generate many opportunities for machine learning applications. The Web interfaces for authorized and public access to the EXFOR-NSR nuclear publications database were implemented at the U.S. National Nuclear Data Center, https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/ and IAEA Nuclear Data Section, https://www-nds.iaea.org/ . The current system is complementary to major nuclear libraries and narrowly focused on nuclear data compilation and evaluation procedures. The contents of the PDF database, details of implementation, and Web interface are described. New capabilities for data curation, knowledge preservation, worldwide dissemination, and natural language processing (NLP) applications are given.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2018

The Gene Ontology Resource: 20 years and still GOing strong

The Gene Ontology resource (GO; http://geneontology.org) provides structured, computable knowledge regarding the functions of genes and gene products. Founded in 1998, GO has become widely adopted in the life sciences, and its contents are under continual improvement, both in quantity and in quality. Here, we report the major developments of the GO resource during the past two years. Each monthly release of the GO resource is now packaged and given a unique identifier (DOI), enabling GO-based analyses on a specific release to be reproduced in the future. The molecular function ontology has been refactored to better represent the overall activities of gene products, with a focus on transcription regulator activities. Quality assurance efforts have been ramped up to address potentially out-of-date or inaccurate annotations. New evidence codes for high-throughput experiments now enable users to filter out annotations obtained from these sources. GO-CAM, a new framework for representing gene function that is more expressive than standard GO annotations, has been released, and users can now explore the growing repository of these models. We also provide the 'GO ribbon' widget for visualizing GO annotations to a gene; the widget can be easily embedded in any web page.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2013

NASA GES DISC support of CO2 Data from OCO-2, ACOS, and AIRS

NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Centers (GES DISC) is the data center assigned to archive and distribute current AIRS, ACOS data and data from the upcoming OCO-2 mission. The GES DISC archives and supports data containing information on CO2 as well as other atmospheric composition, atmospheric dynamics, modeling and precipitation. Along with the data stewardship, an important mission of GES DISC is to facilitate access to and enhance the usability of data as well as to broaden the user base. GES DISC strives to promote the awareness of science content and novelty of the data by working with Science Team members and releasing news articles as appropriate. Analysis of events that are of interest to the general public, and that help in understanding the goals of NASA Earth Observing missions, have been among most popular practices.Users have unrestricted access to a user-friendly search interface, Mirador, that allows temporal, spatial, keyword and event searches, as well as an ontology-driven drill down. Variable subsetting, format conversion, quality screening, and quick browse, are among the services available in Mirador. The majority of the GES DISC data are also accessible through OPeNDAP (Open-source Project for a Network Data Access Protocol) and WMS (Web Map Service). These services add more options for specialized subsetting, format conversion, image viewing and contributing to data interoperability.

Wei, Jennifer C↗