SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
The current-voltage characteristics of a tunneling contact between two graphene nanoribbons containing impurity atoms are obtained based on the previously calculated density of states. The dependences on the nanoribbon geometrical and energy characteristics are calculated.
Au{sub x}Ti{sub 100{sub -}} {sub x}/n-Si Schottky diodes are fabricated and studied; in addition, the electrical properties of diodes containing metal films with varying composition (x = 0, 14, 30, 38, 60, 80, and 100) are also studied. Using X-ray phase analysis, it is established that the film of Au{sub 38}Ti{sub 62} composition has the amorphous structure, while the remaining films Au{sub x}Ti{sub 100-x} possess the polycrystalline structure. The main parameters of the Schottky diodes are determined in relation to the composition and structure of the metal films. As a result, it is shown that the electrical properties of Au{sub x}Ti{sub 100-x}/n-Si Schottky diodes are related to variations in the composition and structure of metal films.
InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures containing quantum wells and δ-doped layers are studied theoretically and experimentally. On the basis of the procedure of self-consistently solving the Schrödinger equation and Poisson equation, the differential capacitance and the apparent electron concentration profiles are numerically calculated for structures with different mutual arrangements of the quantum well and the δ layer. The results of the calculations are compared with the result of analyzing the experimental capacitance-voltage characteristics of the structures. The systematic features of the behavior of the apparent concentration profiles and capacitance-voltage characteristics in relation to the geometric properties of the structure, the temperature, and the doping level are established.
The specific features of the photoluminescence and the electrical properties of doped nanoheterostructures containing a composite InAlAs/InGaAs/InAlAs quantum well with a thin InAs insert in the middle are studied. The insert thickness is varied in the range from 1.7 to 3.0 nm. It is established that the position of the peaks in the photoluminescence spectra in the photon energy range 0.6–0.8 eV correlates with the InAs insert thickness. Simulation of the band structure shows that the experimentally observed variation in the energy of optical transitions is associated with lowering of the energy of electron and hole states in the quantum well with increasing insert thickness. In the photon energy range 1.24–1.38 eV, optical transitions in the region of the InAlAs buffer-InP substrate interface are observed. The signal photon energy and intensity depend on the features of the formation of this heterointerface and on the conditions of substrate annealing. It is conceived that this is due to the formation of a transition region between the InAlAs buffer and the substrate.
The results of studies of the photoluminescence spectra of heterostructures containing an In{sub x}Ga{sub 1–x}As quantum well with a high In content x at different laser-radiation powers are reported. It is found that, as the radiation power density is increased, the luminescence spectrum of In{sub 0.70}Al{sub 0.30}As/In{sub 0.76}Ga{sub 0.24}As quantum-well heterostructures exhibits a decrease in the half-width and a shift of the peak to higher energies. It is shown that, for Al{sub 0.27}Ga{sub 0.73}As/In{sub 0.20}Ga{sub 0.80}As quantum-well heterostructures, no shift of the peak and no change in the shape of the spectrum is observed. It is established that the integrated photoluminescence intensity is related to the laser-radiation power density by a power law with the exponent α ≈ 1.3 for heterostructures with x ≈ 0.76, suggesting the predominantly excitonic character of the radiative recombination of charge carriers.
The luminescence properties of systems that contain lead-sulfide nanoparticles deposited onto substrates fabricated from porous silicon, oxidized porous silicon, and porous (tin-oxide)–(silicon-oxide) layers are studied. It is shown that the structure and composition of the matrix induce a strong effect on the luminescence spectra of colloidal quantum dots, defining their emission wavelength.
The photoluminescence properties of thallium-containing vitreous semiconductor systems with stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric compositions (GeSe{sub 2}){sub 1–x}Tl{sub x} and (GeSe{sub 3}){sub 1–x}Tl{sub x} (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.1) are studied at a temperature of T = 77 K. Intrinsic defects with negative correlation energy are responsible for the Gaussian shape of the photoluminescence spectra. It is established that an increase in x in the systems does not affect the shape of the spectrum, does not generate new emission bands, shifts the photoluminescence spectra to the region of low energies, reduces the intensity of radiation, and increases its half-width. Kinetics of the fatigue of photoluminescence is different for both systems and is characterized by one curve irrespective of Tl content in the systems.
Anisotropic polymer films containing aligned Au nanorods and semiconductor nanoparticles of various shape were fabricated. The photoluminescence of semiconductor nanoparticles in these films is partially polarized. The value of the photoluminescence polarization degree of quantum dots embedded in an anisotropic PVA-film after 4.5-fold stretching P = 0.27 has been obtained.
A consistent description of phase equilibrium and surface phenomena in binary systems containing monodisperse spherical nanoparticles of arbitrary (including nanoscale) size is presented in the context of the classical method with separating surfaces. Using the obtained relations, we have calculated the composition of coexisting phases and interface layer, and interfacial tension on the boundary between nanoparticles and the matrix at different temperatures in Ti-Mo system. The results of the calculations are consistent with the available experimental data.
The variations of electrical conductivity and the primary pyroelectric coefficient with temperature for lithium niobate (LiNbO{sub 3}) crystals grown from melt containing K{sub 2}O flux are studied in the range of 292–450 K. These crystals are found to exhibit considerable anisotropy of electrical conductivity, and the proton conductivity is dominant in the studied temperature range.
Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and cyclic voltammetry have been used to perform a complex comparative study of the structure of hydrogen fuel cell electrodes consisting of nanostructured platinum on carbon black and electrodes containing a proton-conducting Nafion polymer introduced into the electrode in the form of a solution and in a precoagulated state. It has been shown that, in the latter case, the specific area of electrochemically active platinum increases significantly (by up to two times).
Electrodynamic characteristics of the L-and C-range horn antennas made of carbon-composite materials with graphene-containing binding substance are studied. The main attention is paid to the polarization characteristics of the L-range antennas with a polarization unit based on a circular waveguide that generates elliptically polarized radiation.
Self-consistent calculations of spatial distributions of electrons, potentials, and energies of dissociation, cohesion, vacancy formation, and electron attachment, as well as the ionization potential of solid Al{sub N}, Na{sub N} clusters (N ≥ 254), and clusters containing a vacancy (N ≥ 12) have been performed using a model of stable jellium. The contribution of a monovacancy to the energy of the cluster, the size dependences of the characteristics, and their asymptotic forms have been considered. The calculations have been performed on the SKIT-3 cluster at the Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Rpeak = 7.4 Tflops).
The paper presents a method for manufacturing mechanically strong sputtering composite targets containing the phase of the Co{sub 2}FeSi or Co{sub 2}MnSi Heusler alloy of the stoichiometric composition, which can be used for fabrication of spin electronic devices by high-frequency magnetron deposition and pulsed laser deposition of thin films.
The morphology, structure, and optical properties of polymeric compositions based on a natural sorbent Zosterin, methyl cellulose (MC), and a Poviargol (silver-containing preparation) are studied via atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). AFM studies show substantial changes in the morphology of the surface of obtained films from granular with different grain sizes (for Zosterin and an MC/Zosterin binary system) to spongy with nanopores and submicron pores on the surface (for an MC/Zosterin/Poviargol ternary system). Silver nanoparticles with different shapes and sizes are observed by TEM in the MC/Zosterin/Poviargol ternary system against the background of the MC/Zosterin polymer matrix which has fractal-type morphology. A reflection corresponding to zero-valent silver is found by XRD in the MC/Zosterin/Poviargol ternary composition.
The possible propagation of localized wave structures such as dust-acoustic solitons in dusty ionospheric plasma containing photoelectrons, electrons and ions of the ionosphere, and charged dust particles is considered. Intervals of the possible soliton velocities and amplitudes are determined. Solitary wave solutions for various dimensions and concentrations of particles in dusty ionospheric plasma are found.
Solving complex real-world grand challenge problems requires in-depth collaboration of researchers from multiple disciplines. Such collaboration often involves harnessing multiscale and multi-dimensional data and combining models from different fields to simulate systems. However, the progress on this front has been limited mainly due to significant gaps in domain knowledge and tools that are typically employed in silos of the domains. Researchers from different fields face considerable barriers to understanding and reusing each other’s data/models in order to collaborate effectively. For example, in solving the global sustainability problems, researchers from hydrology, climate science, agriculture, and economics need to run their respective models to study different components of the global and local food, energy and water systems while, at the same time, need to interact with other researchers and integrate the results of one model with another. Developing this kind of model coupling workflow calls for (1) a large amount of data being processed and exchanged across domains and organizations, (2) identifying and processing the output of one model to make it ready for integration into another model, (3) controlling the workflow dynamically so that it runs until a certain convergence condition or other criteria is met, and (4) close collaboration among the modelers to explore, tune, and test the configuration and data transformation needed to link the models. We have developed C3F, a flexible collaborative model coupling framework to help researchers accelerate their model integration and linking efforts by leveraging advanced cyberinfrastructure such as high-performance computing and virtual containers. In this paper, we describe our experience and lessons learned in developing this cyberinfrastructure solution to support the linking of Water Balance Model (WBM) and SIMPLE-G agricultural economic model in an NSF funded INFEWS project and a DOE-funded Program on Coupled Human and Earth Systems (PCHES) to study the implications of groundwater scarcity for food-energy-water systems. The C3F model coupling framework can be extended to facilitate other model linkages as well.
Electroactive coatings based on non-conjugated redox-active polymers have increased in popularity with the development of thin film organic batteries. Here, control over coating deposition, redox-activity, and ion transport are key to improving their energy storage performance. In this work, the synthesis, solution state electrochemical characterization, and layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of a nitroxide-based polycation and polyanion are presented. Solution state electrochemical characterization indicates that the rate of electron transfer for the nitroxide polyanion is much higher as compared to the nitroxide polycation. LbL thin films of the nitroxide polyanion and nitroxide polycation are assembled, demonstrating linear growth and tunable thickness (28 nm/layer pair). This work confirms that the ion transport mechanism of the LbL films during the redox reaction is influenced depending on the charge of the terminating layer, where the nitroxide polyanion can participate in self-doping, which leads to a contribution from cation transport. The nitroxide polyanion-terminated film also exhibits a higher capacity and a slightly reduced charge transfer resistance. However, it was also observed that a more pronounced capacity fade occurred for the polyanion-terminated film than the polycation-terminated film. Taken together, this highlights how oppositely charged radical-containing polyelectrolytes can form electroactive coatings for possible applications in energy storage or sensing.