Error rate minimization for improved phase- locked loop damping characteristics
Phase locked loop damping characteristics optimization based on input rms error rate minimization and transient error integral square value limitation
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Phase locked loop damping characteristics optimization based on input rms error rate minimization and transient error integral square value limitation
Unit distance redundant counting code for single error correction or double error detection with digital equipment simplicity advantages
Plotting digital simulation errors for a spring-mass-damper system and using these error curves to select type of integration, feedback update method, and number of samples per cycle at resonance reduces excessive number of samples per cycle and unnecessary iterations.
Application of overall error or uncertainity in spacecraft trajectory determinations to define a time dependent error bound for coordinates of spacecraft
Algorithm determining sequential machine error partition representing inessential errors
Computer program for solving attitude error equations related to gimballed platform is described. Program generates matrix elements of attitude error equations when initial matrices and trigonometric identities have been defined. Program is written for IBM 360 computer.
A shape analysis is presented which utilizes a computer to simulate a multiplicity of dot grids mathematically. Results indicate that the number of dots placed over an area to be measured provides the entire correlation with accuracy of measurement, the indices of shape being of little significance. Equations and graphs are provided from which the average expected error, and the maximum range of error, for various numbers of dot points can be read.
A generalized covariance analysis technique which permits the study of the sensitivity of linear estimation algorithms to errors in a priori statistics has been developed and programed. Several sample cases are presented to illustrate the use of this technique. Modifications to the Simulated Trajectories Error Analysis Program (STEAP) to enable targeting a multiprobe mission of the Planetary Explorer type are discussed. The logic for the mini-probe targeting is presented. Finally, the initial phases of the conversion of the Viking mission Lander Trajectory Reconstruction (LTR) program for use on Venus missions is discussed. An integrator instability problem is discussed and a solution proposed.
The results of various sets of tracking error analysis studies of the ability of ground stations to determine the position and velocity of synchronous satellites are summarized. The effects of varying: (1) the ground station configuration from 1 to 6 tracking stations in differing locations; (2) the ground station measurement type such as S-Band, C-Band, VHF, and lasers and (3) the uncertainties in ground station location are investigated. The linear error analysis computer program used includes the effects of ground tracking station location uncertainties, measurement noise and biases, and station timing bias. Results show that two ground trackers are needed if at least 2000 meters position accuracy is desired, with a favorable two-station solution giving less than 500 meters position accuracy. Under favorable circumstances, a multi-station laser solution gives a synchronous satellite position accuracy of less than 100 meters. The various cases illustrate features of synchronous satellite tracking from ground stations.
Probability density functions were derived for errors in the evaluation of unknowns by the least squares method in system of nonhomogeneous linear equations. Coefficients of the unknowns were assumed correct and computational precision were also assumed. A vector space was used, with number of dimensions equal to the number of equations. An error vector was defined and assumed to have uniform distribution of orientation throughout the vector space. The density functions are shown to be insensitive to the biasing effects of the source of the system of equations.
A smooth empirical Bayes estimator was developed for estimating the unknown random scale component of each of a set of observation error variances. It is shown that the estimator possesses a smaller average squared error loss than other estimators for a discrete time linear system.
Calculations are made for the probability of error of a wide-band FSK receiver of the type used in space telemetry when multipath reflections off the planetary surface cause signal fading. The error probability is found for both low and high fading bandwidths and for small or large reflected path delays.
Description of a method for evaluating the maximum error producible in the system distortion of a carrier gas type radiorespirometer. The maximum producible error is evaluated on the basis of a second order. The maximum producible decrease in peak height output is calculated as a function of the system's time constant or flow rate by using the system's transfer function and the Laplace transformation equation (Gardner and Barnes, 1961).
This paper presents an invariant imbedding theory of multiple scattering phenomena contributing to errors in telephotometer experiments. The theory indicates that there is a simple relationship between the magnitudes of the errors introduced by successive orders of scattering and it is shown that for all optical thicknesses each order can be represented by a coefficient which depends on the field of view of the telescope and the properties of the scattering medium. The verification of the theory and the derivation of the coefficients have been accomplished by a Monte Carlo program. Both monodisperse and polydisperse systems of Mie scatterers have been treated. The results demonstrate that for a given optical thickness the coefficients increase strongly with the mean particle size particularly for the smaller fields of view.
The sensor systems of the ERTS-A satellite are discussed and sources of geometric and radiometric errors in the received images are identified. Digital algorithms are presented for detection of reseau and ground control points, for rapid implementation of geometric corrections, and for radiometric correction of errors caused by shading, image motion, modulation transfer function, and quantum and systematic noise.
Results of a statistical error analysis performed to determine the degree of uncertainty encountered when calibrating steerable vhf/uhf receiving antennas with the stellar calibration method. The analysis considers the propagation of precision error indices. It is shown that an antenna gain calibration by the stellar method has a one-sigma (1 sigma) uncertainty of plus or minus 0.65 dB at 1440 MHz (L-band), and plus or minus 0.8 dB (1 sigma) at 136 MHz (vhf). Somewhat increased precision can be achieved by monitoring the antenna gain-to-noise temperature ratio at a station; a worst-case uncertainty of plus or minus 0.4 dB (1 sigma) can be realized at both L-band and vhf. Finally, field test measurements of antenna gain, obtained at 136 MHz in the NASA space tracking and data acquisition network, demonstrate an uncertainty of plus or minus 1.0 dB or less, which effectively confirms the analytical result.
The explicit expressions for the intersymbol interference as a function of bandwidth-bit duration product and bit positions for PCM/NRZ systems operating in the presence of Gaussian noise and in a bandlimited channel are determined. Two types of linear bit detectors are considered, integrate and dump, and bandlimit and sample. Restriction of bandwidth results in a performance degradation. The degradation of signal-to-noise ratio is presented as a function of bandwidth-bit duration product and bit patterns. The average probability of bit errors is computed for various bandwidths. The calculations of the upper bound and lower bound on the error probability are also presented.
A generalized theory is presented for the construction of a systematic subcode for a given AN code in such a way that error control properties of the AN code are preserved in this new code. The 'systematic weight' and 'systematic distance' functions in this new code depend not only on its number representation system but also on its addition structure. Finally, to illustrate this theory, a simple error-correcting adder organization using a systematic subcode of 29 N code is sketched in some detail.