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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,765 records · Page 98
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Ammonium-Coordinated Exchanger (ACE) Sorbents for Aqueous Oxyanion Metal Recovery/Removal

Ammonium coordinated exchanger (ACE) sorbents recovery/remove anionic contaminant/critical metals from water. Heavy reliance of the U.S. on foreign critical mineral (CM) supplies presents national security and economics risks. This prompted government action. Domestically recovering CM from unconventional water sources, largely through adsorption processes, could alleviate this problem. Acid mine drainage and mineral leachates are viable sources

amines↗
DOE OSTI2025

Stable Diacid Coordinated Quaternary Ammonium Polymers for 80-230 °C Fuel Cells

Current automotive fuel cells that use sulfonated polymer-based proton exchange membranes are challenging to operate at > 100 °C without humidification. In this project, we developed polymer electrolyte fuel cells that run at > 100 °C without humidification using a novel class of proton exchange membranes made from thermos-oxidatively stable acid-coordinated quaternary ammonium polymers. These fuel cells remove the external humidifiers/demisters and reduce the size of radiators, thus vastly simplifying fuel cell integration, which increases tolerance to impurities and improves electrode kinetics of catalysts. Operating fuel cells without hydration has a significant benefit on fuel cell cost and economic feasibility was investigated by comparing existing fuel cell systems. This project bridges the scale-up process to manufacture the fuel cell component through the U.S. DOE L’Innovator project sponsored by the U.S. DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office (HFTO).

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2026

Corrected Moments in Antenna Coordinates (CMAC) Technical Report

Various corrections are needed in order to extract the best value of the measurements from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility’s scanning precipitation radars. The Corrected Moments in Antenna Coordinates (CMAC) Value-Added Product provides an application chain for providing radar moments that are corrected for artifacts such as aliasing, attenuation, multi-trip echoes, and beam blockage. This technical report provides details on the entire process of correcting the ARM scanning precipitation radar data using CMAC. CMAC has been used at multiple ARM sites and ARM Mobile Facility deployments including the Tracking Aerosol Convection Interactions Experiment (TRACER), Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI), and the Surface Atmosphere Integrated Laboratory (SAIL).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Preliminary Assessment of PV + Electric Storage Options at the Energy Coordinating Agency

NREL used the REopt (R) platform to evaluate the techno-economic potential of adding solar PV and electric storage at the Energy Coordinating Agency (ECA) in Philadelphia, PA. The site has access to 600 PV panels (rated at 305 W each) and would like to evaluate the potential of pairing them with battery storage to offset electricity costs, increase renewable energy usage, and establish an onsite microgrid.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Generalized Integral Boundary Layer Equations in Streamline Curvilinear Coordinates

The MEIT equations are derived in orthogonal streamline curvilinear coordinates defined by the inviscid velocity at the wall and the surface-normal direction. The resulting formulations is (1) is not restricted to flat-plate or axisymmetric geometries, (2) accommodates vortical inviscid flows (e.g., induced by curved shocks) and wall mass blowing, and (3) allows for an arbitrary definition of the edge state. The streamline ODEs are also extended to a surface PDE framework.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Investigating Gluonic Operators in Coordinate Space

In this dissertation, a method of extracting gluon momentum distributions inside hadrons, and particularly nucleons, is developed. In general, the utility and application of performing calculations in coordinate space at the operator level is discussed, and its application to the method of pseudodistributions in the lattice extraction of parton distributions. An introduction to the background field method and other techniques used in the calculation of corrections to gluon operators are provided. Then, an outline of the calculation of the uncontracted gluon bilocal operator at one-loop is given, and the result thereof. Using the result for the gluon bilocal operator restricted to spacelike separations, z = (0, 0, 0, z3), various projections and contractions are discussed for the spin averaged case, and for the polarization dependent case in a forward nucleon matrix element. Finally, matching relations between pseudodistributions and lightcone distributions are given for the unpolarized gluon distribution and for the polarized gluon distribution. Application of the results in recent actual lattice extractions of gluon PDFs is discussed, and future applications are outlined.

Morris, Wayne↗
DOE OSTI2023

Geographic coordinates of Populus Trichocarpa genets used in common gardens established and maintained by the Center for Bio energy Innovation. (CBI)

This data set contains the geographic coordinates of the GWAS population described in Tuskan et. al, 2011 and Evans, et. al, 2014. These genotypes have been used in numerous experiments since then, and have been propogated in common gardens. The most recent common garden geo referenced dataset for Davis, California is also available.

Populus Trichocarpa genets locations↗
DOE OSTI2022

3N potentials in the Faddeev coordinate space approach to Nd scattering

For studying 3N bound states and Nd scattering, the Tucson-Melbourne (TM) and Urbana 3N forces have been derived from the chiral EFT in the momentum representation. Here, the Faddeev equations in configuration space have attractive properties when applied for nd and pd scattering above the two-body threshold. For that reason, we derived components of the TM 3N potential in the coordinate representation.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Coordination and divergence in community assembly processes across co-occurring microbial groups separated by cell size

Setting the pace of life and constraining the role of members in food webs, body size can affect the structure and dynamics of communities across multiple scales of biological organization (e.g., from the individual to the ecosystem). However, its effects on shaping microbial communities, as well as underlying assembly processes, remain poorly known. Here, we analyzed microbial diversity in the largest urban lake in China and disentangled the ecological processes governing microbial eukaryotes and prokaryotes using 16S and 18S amplicon sequencing. We found that pico/nano-eukaryotes (0.22–20 μm) and micro-eukaryotes (20–200 μm) showed significant differences in terms of both community composition and assembly processes even though they were characterized by similar phylotype diversity. We also found scale dependencies whereby micro-eukaryotes were strongly governed by environmental selection at the local scale and dispersal limitation at the regional scale. Interestingly, it was the micro-eukaryotes, rather than the pico/nano-eukaryotes, that shared similar distribution and community assembly patterns with the prokaryotes. This indicated that assembly processes of eukaryotes may be coupled or decoupled from prokaryotes’ assembly processes based on eukaryote cell size. While the results support the important influence of cell size, there may be other factors leading to different levels of assembly process coupling across size classes. Additional studies are needed to quantitatively parse the influence of cell size versus other factors as drivers of coordinated and divergent community assembly processes across microbial groups. Regardless of the governing mechanisms, our results show that there are clear patterns in how assembly processes are coupled across sub-communities defined by cell size. These size-structured patterns could be used to help predict shifts in microbial food webs in response to future disturbance.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Context-dependent coordination of TOR and SnRK1 signaling under carbon and nitrogen perturbations

Target of rapamycin (TOR) and sucrose non-fermenting 1–related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) are conserved regulators of plant growth and metabolism and are often portrayed as functionally antagonistic under nutrient limitation. However, how this relationship operates across different nutrient contexts remains poorly defined. Here, we generated an Arabidopsis dual-reporter line that enables simultaneous monitoring of TOR and SnRK1 activities and profiled their dynamics under carbon and nitrogen perturbations. We found that TOR and SnRK1 activities overall exhibit a negative relationship during the transition from carbon starvation to carbon abundance; however, their temporal dynamics during that transition do not support a strictly inverse correlation. Under dark conditions, TOR activity is gradually repressed, while SnRK1 is initially repressed in the early hours and subsequently activated during extended darkness. During nitrogen starvation, TOR activity is progressively repressed, whereas SnRK1 is activated during early hours and then becomes repressed. In vitro , recombinant SnRK1α1 directly inhibits the activity of immunoprecipitated TOR (IP-TOR), whereas IP-TOR does not directly affect SnRK1α1 activity. Together, these results support a nutrient-dependent model in which TOR and SnRK1 are coordinated primarily by cellular metabolic status.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Phosphoric Acid-Doped Ion-Pair Coordinated PEMs with Broad Relative Humidity Tolerance

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) capable of working over a broad operating condition window is critical for successful adoption of PEM-based electrochemical devices. In this work, phosphoric acid (PA)-doped biphenyl-backbone ion-pair coordinated PEMs were prepared by quaternization of BPBr-100, a precursor polymer, with three different tertiary amines including trimethylamine, 1-methylpiperidine, and 1,2-dimethylimidazole followed by membrane casting, ion exchange reaction to hydroxide ion, and doping with PA. The resulting PA-doped ion-pair PEMs were characterized in terms of PA doping level, proton conductivity, relative humidity (RH) tolerance, thermal stability, and mechanical properties. PA doping levels were between six and eight according to acid-base titration. The size and structure of the cation group of ion-pair polymers were found to affect the PA doping level and water uptake. Proton conductivity was studied as a function of RH over a wide range of 5% to 95% RH. Stable conductivity at 80 °C was observed up to 70% RH for 10 h. Mechanical property characterization indicates that the PA doping process resulted in more ductile membranes with significantly increased elongation at break due to the plasticization effect of PA. A combination of high proton conductivity at low RH conditions, and good humidity tolerance makes this new class of PEMs great potential candidates for use in electrochemical devices such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells and electrochemical hydrogen compressors.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Hierarchical, Grid-Aware, and Economically Optimal Coordination of Distributed Energy Resources in Realistic Distribution Systems

Renewable portfolio standards are targeting high levels of variable solar photovoltaics (PV) in electric distribution systems, which makes reliability more challenging to maintain for distribution system operators (DSOs). Distributed energy resources (DERs), including smart, connected appliances and PV inverters, represent responsive grid resources that can provide flexibility to support the DSO in actively managing their networks to facilitate reliability under extreme levels of solar PV. This flexibility can also be used to optimize system operations with respect to economic signals from wholesale energy and ancillary service markets. Here, we present a novel hierarchical scheme that actively controls behind-the-meter DERs to reliably manage each unbalanced distribution feeder and exploits the available flexibility to ensure reliable operation and economically optimizes the entire distribution network. Each layer of the scheme employs advanced optimization methods at different timescales to ensure that the system operates within both grid and device limits. The hierarchy is validated in a large-scale realistic simulation based on data from the industry. Simulation results show that coordination of flexibility improves both system reliability and economics, and enables greater penetration of solar PV. Discussion is also provided on the practical viability of the required communications and controls to implement the presented scheme within a large DSO.

distribution network↗
DOE OSTI2021

Per-Phase and 3-Phase Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays Using Genetic Algorithm

Penetration of the power grid by renewable energy sources, distributed storage, and distributed generators is becoming increasingly common. Increased utilization of these distributed energy resources (DERs) has given rise to additional protection coordination concerns, particularly where they are utilized in an unbalanced manner or where loading among phases is unbalanced. Digital relays such as the SEL-751 (produced by Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Pullman, WA, USA) series have the capability of being set on a per-phase basis. This capability is underutilized in common practice. Additionally, in optimization algorithms for determining relay settings, the time-overcurrent characteristics (TOCs) of relays are generally not treated as variables and are assigned before running the optimization algorithm. In this paper, TOC options themselves are treated as discrete variables to be considered in the optimization algorithm. A mixed integer nonlinear programming problem (MINLP) is set up where the goal is to minimize relay operating times. A genetic algorithm (GA) approach is implemented in MATLAB where two cases are considered. In the first case, the TOC and Time dial setting (TDS) of each relay is set on a three-phase basis. In the second case, per-phase settings are considered. Relay TDSs and TOCs are both considered as simultaneous discrete control variables. Despite the stochastic nature of using per-phase settings for unbalanced systems is found to generally allow for shorter operating times. However, for relatively balanced systems, it is best to use three-phase settings if computation time is of importance.

Matthews, Ronald C.↗
DOE OSTI2018

Crystal Structure and Coordination of B-Cations in the Ruddlesden–Popper Phases Sr3−xPrx(Fe1.25Ni0.75)O7−δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4)

Compounds Sr3−xPrxFe1.25Ni0.75O7−δ with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4 and Ruddlesden–Popper n = 2 type structures were synthesized and investigated by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction, thermogravimetry, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Both samples, prepared at 1300 °C under N2(g) flow and samples subsequently air-annealed at 900 °C, were studied. The structures contained oxygen vacancies in the perovskite layers, and the Fe/Ni cations had an average coordination number less than six. The oxygen content was considerably higher for air-annealed samples than for samples prepared under N2, 7 − δ = ~6.6 and ~5.6 per formula unit, respectively. Mössbauer data collected at 7 K, below magnetic ordering temperatures, were consistent with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) results. The electrical conductivity was considerably higher for the air-annealed samples and was for x = 0.1~30 S·cm−1 at 500 °C. The thermal expansion coefficients were measured in air between room temperature and 900 °C and was found to be 20–24 ppm·K−1 overall.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Spatially coordinated airborne data and complementary products for aerosol, gas, cloud, and meteorological studies: the NASA ACTIVATE dataset

The NASA Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) produced a unique dataset for research into aerosol–cloud–meteorology interactions, with applications extending from process-based studies to multi-scale model intercomparison and improvement as well as to remote-sensing algorithm assessments and advancements. ACTIVATE used two NASA Langley Research Center aircraft, a HU-25 Falcon and King Air, to conduct systematic and spatially coordinated flights over the northwest Atlantic Ocean, resulting in 162 joint flights and 17 other single-aircraft flights between 2020 and 2022 across all seasons. Data cover 574 and 592 cumulative flights hours for the HU-25 Falcon and King Air, respectively. The HU-25 Falcon conducted profiling at different level legs below, in, and just above boundary layer clouds (< 3 km) and obtained in situ measurements of trace gases, aerosol particles, clouds, and atmospheric state parameters. Under cloud-free conditions, the HU-25 Falcon similarly conducted profiling at different level legs within and immediately above the boundary layer. The King Air (the high-flying aircraft) flew at approximately ~ 9 km and conducted remote sensing with a lidar and polarimeter while also launching dropsondes (785 in total). Collectively, simultaneous data from both aircraft help to characterize the same vertical column of the atmosphere. In addition to individual instrument files, data from the HU-25 Falcon aircraft are combined into “merge files” on the publicly available data archive that are created at different time resolutions of interest (e.g., 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 s, or matching an individual data product's start and stop times). This paper describes the ACTIVATE flight strategy, instrument and complementary dataset products, data access and usage details, and data application notes. The data are publicly accessible through https://doi.org/10.5067/SUBORBITAL/ACTIVATE/DATA001 (ACTIVATE Science Team, 2020).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Coordinating an operational data distribution network for CMIP6 data

The distribution of data contributed to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) is via the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF). The ESGF is a network of internationally distributed sites that together work as a federated data archive. Data records from climate modelling institutes are published to the ESGF and then shared around the world. It is anticipated that CMIP6 will produce approximately 20 PB of data to be published and distributed via the ESGF. In addition to this large volume of data a number of value-added CMIP6 services are required to interact with the ESGF; for example the citation and errata services both interact with the ESGF but are not a core part of its infrastructure. With a number of interacting services and a large volume of data anticipated for CMIP6, the CMIP Data Node Operations Team (CDNOT) was formed. The CDNOT coordinated and implemented a series of CMIP6 preparation data challenges to test all the interacting components in the ESGF CMIP6 software ecosystem. This ensured that when CMIP6 data were released they could be reliably distributed.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗