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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Foundations for Engineering Education for Distributed Energy Resources (FEEDER)

Foundations for Engineering Education for Distributed Energy Resources (FEEDER), as one of the four Distributed Technology Training Consortia (DTTCs) of the Grid Engineering for Accelerated Renewable Energy Deployment (GEARED) National Network, provided programs to meet the project goals, and works closely with the GEARED National Network Administrator (NNA) to foster student competence and career interest in advanced engineering and professional skills that support a robust electrical utility sector. This educational effort also included annual gatherings to share best practices and specific advances in knowledge, instructional best practice and educational integration throughout disciplines supporting power systems analysis and integration of distributed generation, with a focus on renewable energy. This effort aligned with the goals and objectives of the Department of Energy SunShot initiative. The project goals included the creation of a larger skilled electric grid workforce that is able to manage widespread deployment of distributed energy resources by developing and sharing new courses and curricula across the participating FEEDER institutions. FEEDER was expanded to add four institutions under the Solar Training & Education for Professionals (STEP) program, with the title Strategic Expansion to Achieve GEARED Goals and award number DE- EE0007327. Program components were selected based on gap analysis and advices of FEEDER industry advisory board, with a focus on student participation in power programs, research and formative experiences that led them to successful careers in power-related industries.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

The Wind Energy Workforce in the United States: Training, Hiring, and Future Needs

Researchers received 247 completed interviews from wind industry employers and 50 completed interviews from representatives from educational institutions with wind energy courses, to better understand the wind industry workforce, hiring needs, and educational pathways . The interviews revealed that 68% of wind industry firms interviewed had difficulty hiring across most occupations. Twenty-five percent of firms searched outside of the United States to find candidates with appropriate skills and experience, which some employers consider lacking, among domestic candidates. At the same time, interview results showed that people who graduate from wind energy educational programs often do not enter the wind industry upon graduation - the majority find employment outside of the wind industry. In addition, some educational and training institutions with wind or renewable energy-specific programs reported difficulty filling courses. This difficulty of employers finding well qualified workers while wind and renewable energy graduates report difficulty finding jobs in the wind industry is the wind energy workforce gap. Narrowing this workforce gap - decreasing hiring difficulty while increasing graduates' ability to find jobs in the wind industry - could reduce recruiting costs, better satisfy employer needs, and grow the domestic wind workforce. Narrowing the gap would simultaneously help educational institutions more efficiently fill classrooms and communicate wind-industry career options to potential students. Twenty-five percent of firms searched outside of the United States to find candidates with appropriate skills and experience, which some employers consider lacking, among domestic candidates. At the same time, interview results showed that people who graduate from wind energy educational programs often do not enter the wind industry upon graduation - the majority find employment outside of the wind industry. In addition, some educational and training institutions with wind or renewable energy-specific programs reported difficulty filling courses. This difficulty of employers finding well qualified workers while wind and renewable energy graduates report difficulty finding jobs in the wind industry is the wind energy workforce gap. Narrowing this workforce gap - decreasing hiring difficulty while increasing graduates' ability to find jobs in the wind industry - could reduce recruiting costs, better satisfy employer needs, and grow the domestic wind workforce. Narrowing the gap would simultaneously help educational institutions more efficiently fill classrooms and communicate wind-industry career options to potential students.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Understanding and Constraining the Midlatitude Cloud Optical Depth Feedback in Climate Models (Final Report)

The objectives of this investigation are to provide a deeper understanding of the brightening of middle and high latitude clouds that occurs in many climate models as the climate warms, and to better understand why models give varying estimates of the strength of this negative feedback. The investigation may also provide new information on why models are deficient in their simulation of the present day clouds in these regions. The analysis will reveal which models simulate current clouds most realistically in the regions of interest, and relate this to the strength of the cloud feedbacks in the models. This will improve the uncertainty quantification of climate simulations and will provide theoretical understanding potentially leading to increased reliability of climate change projections. This will enhance the predictive understanding of the Earth system by analyzing the natural and anthropogenic components of global climate change in models. The primary methods involve the study of the clouds in the suite of CMIP5 model climate simulations and comparison of clouds in climate simulations with data from satellite measurement systems, with a particular emphasis on mixed-phase cloud physics, for which ice and water are present simultaneously. State-of-the-art climate model feedback analysis will be combined with new and more comprehensive observations of clouds available from modern measurement systems. Novel use of model simulations in combination with observations enables a deeper understanding of the role of clouds in climate change. Metrics that facilitate model-to-model and model-to-observation comparisons related to mixed-phase cloud physics will be developed and used to highlight challenges and opportunities for improving the state-of-the-science models. This investigation is a collaboration between the University of Washington, where the data work is concentrated and LLNL where the model data and the tools and expertise to do cloud feedback analysis are located. The grant supported the work of 3 different graduate students at different times (McCoy, Wall and Berry) Post-doctoral researcher Blaž Gasparini was also partially supported on this grant and led our collaboration with PNNL scientists. PNNL scientists also collaborated in the work of graduate student Wall (Po-Lun Ma). The main results of our research efforts are reported in 6 papers and 1 book chapter that were supported by this grant.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

The 2015 Nonlinear Mechanics and Dynamics Research Institute

The Nonlinear Mechanics and Dynamics (NOMAD) Research Institute is a six week long collaborative research program for graduate students from across the world. The 2015 NOMAD Research Institute was hosted jointly by Sandia National Laboratories and the University of New Mexico, and featured 24 graduate students working on seven different research projects. These projects included: developing experimental strategies for studying the dynamics of nonlinear systems, a numerical round robin for predicting the response of a jointed system, quantification of uncertainty in a lap joint, assessment of experimental substructuring methods, a study of stress waves propagating through jointed interfaces, structural design optimization with joints, and the nonlinear system identification of MEMS devices. This report details both the technical research and the programmatic organization of the 2015 NOMAD Research Institute.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2019

National QuarkNet Program

The agreement covers the joint administration of the National QuarkNet Program by Fermilab, on behalf of DOE, and Notre Dame, on behalf of the National Science Foundation. QuarkNet has established centers at universities and national laboratories conducting research in particle physics across the United States. Mentor physicists and physics teachers collaborate to bring cutting-edge physics to high school classrooms. QuarkNet offers research experiences for teachers and students, teacher workshops and sustained follow-up support. Through these activities, teachers enhance their knowledge and understanding of scientific research and transfer this experience to their classrooms, engaging students in both the substance and processes of contemporary physics research. The QuarkNet Program has been helping to improve science education in high schools across the U.S. and helping to develop America’s technological workforce.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Collaborative Research: The evolution of magnetic skeletons during 3D magnetic reconnection. Final Technical Report

The goals of this project were to investigate magnetic field evolution during 3D magnetic reconnection; begin development of an open source Python package for plasma research and education; advise students on research projects related to magnetic reconnection; and organize a conference session on diversity, equity, and inclusion in plasma physics. The principal investigator advanced an analytical theory to describe the ideal and non-ideal motion of the magnetic field lines that connect two magnetic null points; led development of the PlasmaPy package through version 0.2.0; directly advised two students; and is co-organizing a town hall on diversity, equity, and inclusion at a major plasma physics conference.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

The Annual Phenomenology Symposia (Final Report)

PITT PACC once again successfully held the 3-day “Phenomenology 2019 Symposium”, during May 6-8, 2019. There were 296 registrants from 28 States, 20 countries. The high-quality plenary program brought the participants to the most updated cutting-edge research by the world leading experts in particle physics, astro-particle physics and cosmology. The 182 talks in the parallel sessions offer a great forum for presenting specific research results, especially for students and postdocs. A special career development forum was held for the 150 student participants. Pheno 2020 will take place during May 4-6, 2020, and the preparation is under way.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

FY19Q3 LL17-GEOVIS-PD3SS

NFIX has been licensed to ORNL, LANL, SNL and LBNL for use on the MINOS venture. We continue to meet with the MINOS data team to receive feedback and suggestions for additional features. We are accommodating feature requests within our resources. • A new feature was added to NFIX that lists out sensor metadata files (json files) that NFIX is not able to ingest due to formatting errors. This feature has greatly eased the effort required by the MINOS team to identify errant json files. Our summer student used this new feature to determine the number of sensor data metafiles that NFIX was not ingesting (a small number) and found the root cause to be a particular set of formatting problems. The MINOS team is using this information to correct the mis-formatted files. Our summer student also developed a tutorial for the NFIX users. She was in a unique position to develop a tutorial as she had to come up to speed on the tool in order to use it for our data ingest study. The tutorial is planned to appear as an appendix in the project final report. A white paper on using GeoVisipedia technology for detecting changes at portals using satellite imagery was submitted to NA21. The technique uses GeoVisipedia’s model projection technology as a view-invariant segment technique thereby greatly enhancing the robustness of detecting changes. We demonstrated NFIX to our program manager and his technical advisor in April. Per headquarters direction we were not required to present at a DNN R&D Joint Program Review this year.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2020

XXVIIth International Conference on Supersymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions (SUSY 2019) (Final Report)

Supersymmetry (SUSY) is one of most elegant extensions of the Standard Model (SM) and explains the puzzles of the SM by providing a candidate to explain the dark matter content of the universe, allowing scientists to understand the origin of the electroweak scale requiring the top mass to be around 170 GeV and leading to the unification of forces at a grand unified scale. Further the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) predicts the Higgs boson mass to be less than 135 GeV. The discovery of the Higgs Boson with mass around 125 GeV at the LHC has provided a major support to SUSY ideas. Searches for SUSY are ongoing at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Direct and indirect dark matter experiments are searching for a particle dark matter candidate which arises most naturally in SUSY models. Proton decay predicted by SUSY grand unified theories is being searched for at deep underground experiments. In addition, recent advances in neutrino and dark matter physics, observational astrophysics, precision cosmology and the promising new window into the cosmos opened by the direct detection of gravitational waves, have brought new ideas on the potential connections between new fundamental particles and our understanding of their impact on the early universe and its evolution. At present, the major questions include: Is SUSY still the best candidate for models beyond the SM? Do we have any well motivated alternative to SUSY? Have we exhausted all possibilities to search for new physics at high and low energy scales? XXVIIth International Conference on Supersymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions (SUSY 2019), hosted by Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi during May 20-24, 2019, provided a unique venue to discus and understand the status of SUSY, connection between particle physics and cosmology, supersymmetry and its alternative, Higgs sector, neutrino sector, flavor sector, dark matter, electroweak phase transition, astroparticle physics, gravitational waves and string theory. Discussion of results from the LHC, recent neutrino experiments and observations, direct and indirect dark matter detection experiments, detection of gravitational waves, data from particle colliders, as well as measurements of the CMB and Large Scale Structure were an integral part of SUSY 2019. To ensure the younger participants will benefit from the conference the most, the conference was preceded by the 4 day long pre-SUSY summer school for graduate students and postdocs. The invited speakers were leading scientists in the fields of SUSY interest. The school took place on Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi campus during the week prior the SUSY 2019 conference (May 15 – 18, 2019). Since its inception in 1993, SUSY has become one of the most important and widely attended international meetings in high energy physics, devoted to new ideas in fundamental particle physics. SUSY 2019 brought together approximately 250 scientists, theorists, phenomenologists, experimentalists and cosmologists, (including over 60 graduate students and 70 postdocs) representing 22 nations: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Peru, Portugal, Romania, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, United Kingdom and United States. SUSY 2019 provided a stimulating venue for the exchange of scientific ideas among experts in dark matter, neutrino physics, particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. The following scientific topics were delivered during SUSY 2019 in form of 44 plenary talks and over 200 parallel talks: Unification of Forces; Electroweak, Top and Higgs Physics; Precision Calculations and MC tools; BSM in Flavor Physics; Neutrino Masses: Models and Phenomenology; Cosmology and Gravitational Waves; Dark Matter, Astroparticle Physics; Formal Field Theory and Strings; Alternatives to Supersymmetry; Quantum Information: Machine Learning/Big Data. 28 talks were given during the pre-SUSY program related to the following topics: Neutrino Physics; Big Data; Collider Physics & SUSY; String Phenomenology; Cosmology; Dark Matter; SUSY Models and Phenomenology

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Production of Radiohalogens: Bromine and Astatine for Imaging and Therapy (Final Report)

The UAB team focused our efforts on Project 1: Production and Characterization of 76,77 Br and has completed all milestones. We have conducted irradiations using novel cobalt selenide targets prepared in house and by our collaborators at UWisc. A distillation apparatus for the purification of the produced radiobromine has been constructed and radiobromine is in routine production at UAB. The gas target route is under final optimization for routine production. A chemistry graduate student, Samuel Ferran, led the project for both the gas and solid target experiments this work will be included in his thesis project. Two manuscripts are in preparation based on this work. Additionally, an undergraduate student Retta El Sayed assisted with this project and is now enrolled in graduate school. Monthly collaborative meetings took place as well as several in person team meetings with all participating sites.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2019

Utah State University's contribution to Enhancing Understanding of High Energy Density Plasmas from Wire Array and Solid Liner Implosions Using Fluid Modeling with Kinetic Closures (Final Report)

This final report pertains to work performed at Utah State University (USU) on the subject of kinetic closures for fluid simulations of high-energy-density (HED) plasmas. This report was written following the end date of the three year grant that started August 1, 2016, and ended July 31, 2019. The key aspect of the work at USU was to develop and implement kinetic closures for fluid simulations of more strongly coupled plasmas. Funds for this project provided some summer salary for the PI at USU, Dr. Eric Held, but mainly provided a robust stipend for his graduate student, David Hansen, who has worked on the project since the start date. Mr. Hansen is nearing completion of his PhD thesis which he will defend either in December of 2019 or the spring of 2020. With this award Dr. Eric Held and his PhD student David Hansen developed a computer code called {\bf X-section} that can be used to generate collisional scattering cross sections which summarize particle interactions in high-energy-density plasmas.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

We Are Hiring

At Los Alamos you get an internship customized to your skill level. You receive technical mentoring and professional skill-building opportunities. This is all while working on exciting physics problems. The result? Valuable hands-on experience to help you make decisions about your future. Physics Division can help you expand your horizons, whether you are an undergraduate or graduate student seeking a one-of-a-kind summer internship experience or a post-bachelor’s or post-master’s student ready to hone your experimental research skills.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Cleantech University Program Regional Competition. Final Report

The Berkeley Cleantech University Program (CUP) provided aspiring student entrepreneurs with the mentorship, business development skills and training, and investor feedback they need to turn their clean energy ideas into businesses offering real-world solutions. Annually for three years, the Berkeley CUP recruited teams of students across the country to develop their clean energy technology and refine their business plan, and provided them with mentorship and training during the crucial incubation phase. Each year, the regional program culminates in a final pitch competition, where two finalists and one grand prize winner are determined. Teams are judged on a variety of factors, including but not limited to technical feasibility, scalability, and impact. A total of 18 teams representing 10 universities have participated in the Berkeley CUP. The contest attracted and sustained a growing body of innovative cleantech ideas, young entrepreneurs, investors, and corporate partners in the western region of the United States.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Sorption Enhanced Mixed Matrix Membranes for Hydrogen (H 2 ) Purification and Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Capture

The technical objective of this project was to develop sorption enhanced mixed matrix membranes with H 2 permeance of 500 gas permeance units (GPU) and H 2 /CO 2 selectivity of 30 at 150-200 °C. These membranes will be the central component in the design of membrane based systems for 90% capture of CO 2 from coal-derived syngas, with 95% CO 2 purity at a cost of electricity 30% less than baseline capture approaches. The unique approach in this proposal is to design crosslinked polymers containing Pd-based nanoparticles achieving strong H 2 sorption and size sieving ability and thus H 2 /CO 2 selectivity. The specific objectives for each budget period (BP) are described below. BP 1: Identify polymer matrix with strong size sieving ability and palladium (Pd)-containing nanomaterials to prepare freestanding mixed matrix films with H 2 permeability of 50 Barrer and H 2 /CO 2 selectivity of 30 at 150-200°C with simulated syngas. BP 2: Prepare and optimize thin film mixed matrix composite membranes materials with H 2 permeance of 500 GPU and H 2 /CO 2 selectivity of 30 at 150-200 °C, and complete the modification of the membrane test unit for the field test in the BP 3. BP 3: Conduct a 20-day field test of the membranes with real syngas at Center for Advanced Energy Research (CAER) of the University of Kentucky (UKy). During the BP2, we have successfully prepared thin-film composite (TFC) membranes based on mixed matrix materials (MMMs) containing Pd nanoparticles in polymers, and demonstrated their superior and robust performance for H 2 /CO 2 separation at 150 – 225 °C. (1) Production of the Pd based nanoparticles with a diameter of 4 nm has been scaled up to 200 mg/day. (2) We have prepared TFC membranes with H 2 permeance above 500 GPU and H 2 /CO 2 selectivity above 30 at temperatures up to 225 °C, which meet the targets for the BP2. (3) We have conducted parametric studies of TFC membranes with a mixed gas containing H 2 S and H 2 O and demonstrated the stability of the membranes. (4) We have established a new testing plan at the Center for Advanced Energy Studies (CAER) at the University of Kentucky because NCCC decided to shut down their gasifier. During this project, four Ph.D. students received the inter-disciplinary training and graduated, including Shailesh Konda, Maryam Omidvar, Deqiang Yin, and Lingxiang Zhu. One postdoctoral researcher (Dr. Liang Huang) and two Ph.D. students (Abhishek Kumar and Hien Nguyen) are involved in this project. The project leads to one provisional patent application, eight peer-reviewed articles, and one manuscript in preparation. The details are shown below.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2019

Low-Cost, Efficient and Durable High Temperature Wireless Sensors by Direct Write Additive Manufacturing for Application in Fossil Energy Systems

In-situ monitoring of physical parameters in fossil energy (FE) systems is challenging because of their high operating temperatures and oxidizing environments. This research aims utilize Aerosol Jet (AJ) nanoparticle printing, an advanced additive manufacturing method, to fabricate high temperature sensors for FE applications. Sensor films were fabricated by the AJ printing method with an excellent control over film microstructure and properties, in addition to creating less waste. Printing of six different materials, namely, silver (Ag), nickel (Ni), nickel-chromium (NiCr) alloy, copper (Cu), copper-nickel (CuNi), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was carried out for their evaluation of as sensor films. The films were then characterized using impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Film microstructure was correlated with the sensor electrical and mechanical behavior at different temperatures (24-500 °C) and frequencies (0.02 - 300 kHz). This knowledge was then used to fabricate, test, and characterize strain and temperature sensors for high temperature applications. The strain sensors were shown to have a very low thermal strain up to 500 °C and a 57% higher gauge factor compared to the commercially available counterparts. This enhance performance was attributed to the inherent porosity in the sensor films that allowed the films to exhibit a metamaterial-like behavior when deformed. The AJ printed temperature sensors were shown to have the highest Seebeck coefficient amongst all the film-based temperature sensors. In addition, fundamental aspects of crystal structure and phase transformations in Ba(Fe0.7Ta0.3)O3-δ (BFTO), a high temperature sensor material, was investigated along with 3D printed antennas that can transmit sensor signals at high temperatures. Two PhD students, one from first generation college-going underrepresented minority community (URM), two postdoctoral fellows, and several masters and undergraduate students were supported by this award. This work opens up the possibility of realizing low-cost high-performance sensor devices using advanced manufacturing techniques for high temperature FE applications.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Uranium Enrichment Plant Characteristics - A Training Manual for the IAEA

One of the primary objectives of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Safeguards Training Program is to help new inspectors gain knowledge and develop skills that will be required for them to carry out their duties. The formal instructional program for inspectors within the Agency begins with the Introductory Course on Agency Safeguards (ICAS). Time and resource constraints dictate that this course is devoted specifically to safeguards-related information with the assumption that the students have a basic familiarity with nuclear technology. In some cases, a new inspector’s prior experience may have been specialized to the extent that he is unfamiliar with the basic technology of some of the types of nuclear facilities he will be inspecting. In other cases, a student may find it useful to review the English vocabulary for technical terms he may have encountered in another language. A glossary of important terms is provided in Appendix A.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Rice Business Plan Competition (Final Report)

During the grant period, Rice University held a total of three regional Clean Energy Business Plan Competitions for graduate level students with a particular focus on attracting student startups in the clean energy space (clean tech, renewable energy, transportation, batteries, sustainability, etc.) Over the three years of the grant, the Rice Business Plan Competition awarded a total of three ${$}$50,000 DOE-sponsored prizes to the winning startups (${$}$150,000 total). The Rice Energy Business Plan Competition’s DOE Clean Tech competition leveraged the resources and infrastructure of the existing annual Rice Business Plan Competition (RBPC), which is the world’s largest and richest intercollegiate graduate-level business plan competition in the world

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2020

Fundamental Physics of Ferroelectrics 2019

The workshop “Fundamental Physics of Ferroelectrics 2019” took place in January 2019 at USF and hosted around 80 participants (from both US and overseas) 32 of whom were early career professionals (PostDocs and graduate students). This was a 2.5 day workshop with 8 invited presentations, 39 oral presentations, and 27 posters. It brought together experts in the area of ferroelectrics and related materials and allowed for interactions, collaborations and exchange of ideas and progress. The invited speakers were Jorge Iniguez (University of Luxembourg), Manila Songvilay (University of Edinburgh), James Scott (St. Andrews), David Singh (University of Missouri), Philippe Ghosez (Université de Liège), Marin Alexe (University of Warwick), Takeshi Egami (University of Tennessee), Sergey Vakhrushev (Ioffe Physical Technical Institute), and Karin Rabe (Rutgers University). The DOE funding was used (i) to provide awards for junior participants (graduate students and PostDocs): best oral presentations (1st, 2nd and 3rd places) and best poster presentations (1st, 2nd and 3rd places). First places in both categories $\$ $300, second places in both categories $\$ $250 and third places in both categories $\$ $200. Information about the awardees available at the conference website.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗