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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,765 records · Page 98
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Transformer Analysis with ANSYS Maxwell and COMSOL

This is an extension of work described by Rodriguez et al . (2021). It continues analyses of a generic transformer design by Wes Greenwood. In this report, we summarize that work and add comparable results using the ANSYS Maxwell software (henceforward, “ANSYS”), and with COMSOL . We found the ANSYS and COMSOL calculations of inductance agreed well with previous results for simplified coils in air, and with a ferromagnetic core. We then describe the ANSYS and COMSOL approach and show results for a full transformer model based on magnetic field analyses. Finally, we present electrostatic analyses of E field enhancement, once again resolving individual wires. The purpose is to assess the electrostatic fields in order to locate where electric breakdown is likely to originate. We found the maximum enhancement between the secondary and either the primary or the tertiary at the end of the windings with a large potential difference.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Real-time Object Bounding in LiDAR Data With Computer Vision

The Multimodal Measurement System is a roadside radiation measurement testbed used to detect radiation sources in passing vehicles. It works by combining sensor signals from various modalities to produce a thorough scan of the source. A LiDAR sensor is used to measure the dimensions of the vehicle and provide a velocity estimate. However, the current LiDAR setup uses propriety software for which the source code is unavailable and cannot be updated to improve performance. Therefore, it is imperative to the accuracy of the analysis to create a custom vehicle detection that can return the dimensions and velocity of passing vehicles in real time. This new custom detection is written in C++ using the PointCloud Library, which keeps it lightweight. It also utilizes Docker and the Robot Operating System, which allows the versatility of running both on a small computer or the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory cluster while utilizing different models of LiDAR sensors. The custom detection outperforms the current detection model, which increases the accuracy of radiation source detection.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Module-OT: A Turnkey Solution for Securing Energy Systems

The Modular Security Apparatus for Managing Distributed Cryptography for Command-and-Control Messages on Operational Technology Networks (Module-OT) is a flexible and lightweight solution for grid-edge devices focusing on end-to-end security. It is a bump- in- the-wire solution acting as a secure conduit for data between devices or systems across a network. It improves the cybersecurity posture of DER systems by providing authentication, authorization, and data integrity to secure DER communications. Additionally, it performs key management, provides data security through whitelisting Internet Protocol addresses and ports, blocks unauthorized connections, controls user access, and allows serial or Ethernet connections for added flexibility. The core software is portable to various Linux-based operating systems and is developed to be customized by the developer and researcher communities. Module-OT has been validated in the lab, has been demonstrated at a 500-KW PV-plus-storage site, and has been proven ready to secure operational technology devices. Its core functionality meets current standards, including validation procedures of the NIST Cryptographic Algorithm Validation Program (CAVP) and the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS 140-2). Because of its capability to provide an accessible and affordable option for stepping up security across modern energy systems, Module-OT can serve as an effective technological option to standardize cybersecurity moving forward.

cryptography↗
DOE OSTI2021

ExaWorks: Workflows for Exascale

Exascale computers will offer transformative capabilities to combine data-driven and learning-based approaches with traditional simulation applications to accelerate scientific discovery and insight. These software combinations and integrations, however, are difficult to achieve due to challenges of coordination and deployment of heterogeneous software components on diverse and massive platforms. We present the ExaWorks project, which can address many of these challenges: ExaWorks is leading a co-design process to create a workflow Software Development Toolkit (SDK) consisting of a wide range of workflow management tools that can be composed and interoperate through common interfaces. We describe the initial set of tools and interfaces supported by the SDK, efforts to make them easier to apply to complex science challenges, and examples of their application to exemplar cases. Furthermore, we discuss how our project is working with the workflows community, large computing facilities as well as HPC platform vendors to sustainably address the requirements of workflows at the exascale.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Radiation Hydrodynamics in the Lagrangian Application Project’s LUMOS code

Starting in 2019, the Lagrangian Applications Project (LAP) and the Transport Project set out to develop a new ALE/Lagrangian radiation-hydrodynamics (RH) capability in a new code product named LUMOS. This work was done under the guidance of the Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) program with the goal of producing software capable of leveraging the high-order thermal radiative transfer (TRT) solvers provided by the Jayenne and Capsaicin software projects. This capability supplements the existing gray diffusion solver that is currently available in LAP’s FLAG code [1, 2, 3] for RH. The remainder of this memo describes the coupling of the radiation and hydrodynamics solvers within LAP’s LUMOS code. Initially delivered in 2020 as part of an L2 milestone [4], this capability continues to mature in FY21 with more efficient and robust algorithms, new support for ALE, and support for mixed materials per cell. Today, LUMOS is provided as a standard end-user product in the suite of LAP tools provided in each release cycle. Code access can be requested at https://asc.lanl.gov.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Summary of DASSH-CFD Inter-Assembly Heat Transfer Comparison

Fast reactor core design requires integration of detailed power distributions obtained from neutronics models and thermal fluids calculations to determine temperature distributions and flow conditions. During the design phase, calculations may be repeated as specifications change and computational expense must be balanced with solution accuracy, creating an opportunity for the use of intermediate-fidelity codes. To that end, the Ducted Assembly Steady-State Heat Transfer Software (DASSH) has been developed at Argonne National Laboratory to perform full-core, steady state coolant and fuel pin temperature calculations in reactors consisting of hexagonal, ducted assemblies. DASSH is a first-order, finite volume subchannel code based on methodologies initially introduced in the legacy thermal hydraulics codes SUPERENERGY-2 and SE2-ANL. It can work coupled with the Argonne Reactor Computational (ARC) code suite to obtain neutron and gamma power distributions based on neutron transport solutions and features many improvements and new capabilities compared to its predecessors. DASSH calculates temperatures by balancing energy between subchannels and relies on correlations to account for flow distribution and coolant mixing.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Nuclear Materials Packaging, Transportation, and Systems Analysis Group Software Quality Assurance Plan: ANSYS Mechanical Finite Element Analysis Software Version 2023R1

ANSYS Inc. develops and markets engineering simulation software and services used in the aerospace, automotive, manufacturing, electronics, biomedical, energy, defense, and many other industries. ANSYS is dedicated to engineering simulation and is the world’s leading software provider. ANSYS was founded in 1970 and is headquartered in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. ANSYS provides an engineering analysis tool combining structural, thermal, computational fluid dynamics, acoustic, and electromagnetic simulation capabilities. ANSYS has two main programs, which use the same solvers: (1) Mechanical APDL (ANSYS Design Parametric Language), a Fortran-based coding platform, and (2) ANSYS Workbench, which uses a graphical user interface to aid in finite element analysis implementation. This plan covers both APDL and Workbench. The ANSYS computer program is a large-scale, multipurpose finite element program that can be used to solve several classes of engineering analyses. The analysis capabilities of ANSYS include the ability to solve static and dynamic structural analyses, steady-state and transient heat transfer problems, mode-frequency and buckling eigenvalue problems, static or time-varying magnetic analyses, and various types of field and coupled-field applications. The program contains many special features that allow nonlinearities or secondary effects such as plasticity, large strain, hyperelasticity, creep, swelling, large deflections, contact, stress stiffening, temperature dependency, material anisotropy, and radiation to be included in the solution. As ANSYS has been developed, other special capabilities such as substructuring, submodeling, random vibration, kinetostatics, kinetodynamics, free convection fluid analysis, acoustics, magnetics, piezoelectrics, coupled-field analysis, and design optimization have been added to the program. These capabilities contribute further to making ANSYS a multipurpose analysis tool for varied engineering disciplines. The ANSYS program has been in commercial use for over 50 years and has been used extensively in the aerospace, automotive, construction, electronic, energy services, manufacturing, nuclear, plastics, oil, and steel industries. Additionally, many consulting firms and hundreds of universities have used ANSYS for analysis, research, and educational purposes. ANSYS is recognized worldwide as one of the most widely used and capable programs of its type. Ansys design analysis software is the first created within a quality system with ISO 9001 certification, the internationally accepted quality standard. Product development, testing, maintenance and support processes also meet the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission's quality requirements, as they have for nearly four decades. The Quality Assurance Service Agreement is suitable for the customers working in the nuclear industry who need to meet specific federal regulations including 10CRF50 Appendix B and provisions of 10CFR21. ANSYS has retained its original International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001 accreditation certificate since1995-05-04, It’s current certificate is valid until 2027-05-29.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
NASA NTRS2011

Engineering and Scientific Applications: Using MatLab(Registered Trademark) for Data Processing and Visualization

MatLab(TradeMark)(MATrix LABoratory) is a numerical computation and simulation tool that is used by thousands Scientists and Engineers in many countries. MatLab does purely numerical calculations, which can be used as a glorified calculator or interpreter programming language; its real strength is in matrix manipulations. Computer algebra functionalities are achieved within the MatLab environment using "symbolic" toolbox. This feature is similar to computer algebra programs, provided by Maple or Mathematica to calculate with mathematical equations using symbolic operations. MatLab in its interpreter programming language form (command interface) is similar with well known programming languages such as C/C++, support data structures and cell arrays to define classes in object oriented programming. As such, MatLab is equipped with most of the essential constructs of a higher programming language. MatLab is packaged with an editor and debugging functionality useful to perform analysis of large MatLab programs and find errors. We believe there are many ways to approach real-world problems; prescribed methods to ensure foregoing solutions are incorporated in design and analysis of data processing and visualization can benefit engineers and scientist in gaining wider insight in actual implementation of their perspective experiments. This presentation will focus on data processing and visualizations aspects of engineering and scientific applications. Specifically, it will discuss methods and techniques to perform intermediate-level data processing covering engineering and scientific problems. MatLab programming techniques including reading various data files formats to produce customized publication-quality graphics, importing engineering and/or scientific data, organizing data in tabular format, exporting data to be used by other software programs such as Microsoft Excel, data presentation and visualization will be discussed.

Sen, Syamal K.↗
NASA NTRS2013

Sally Ride EarthKAM - Automated Image Geo-Referencing Using Google Earth Web Plug-In

Sally Ride EarthKAM is an educational program funded by NASA that aims to provide the public the ability to picture Earth from the perspective of the International Space Station (ISS). A computer-controlled camera is mounted on the ISS in a nadir-pointing window; however, timing limitations in the system cause inaccurate positional metadata. Manually correcting images within an orbit allows the positional metadata to be improved using mathematical regressions. The manual correction process is time-consuming and thus, unfeasible for a large number of images. The standard Google Earth program allows for the importing of KML (keyhole markup language) files that previously were created. These KML file-based overlays could then be manually manipulated as image overlays, saved, and then uploaded to the project server where they are parsed and the metadata in the database is updated. The new interface eliminates the need to save, download, open, re-save, and upload the KML files. Everything is processed on the Web, and all manipulations go directly into the database. Administrators also have the control to discard any single correction that was made and validate a correction. This program streamlines a process that previously required several critical steps and was probably too complex for the average user to complete successfully. The new process is theoretically simple enough for members of the public to make use of and contribute to the success of the Sally Ride EarthKAM project. Using the Google Earth Web plug-in, EarthKAM images, and associated metadata, this software allows users to interactively manipulate an EarthKAM image overlay, and update and improve the associated metadata. The Web interface uses the Google Earth JavaScript API along with PHP-PostgreSQL to present the user the same interface capabilities without leaving the Web. The simpler graphical user interface will allow the public to participate directly and meaningfully with EarthKAM. The use of similar techniques is being investigated to place ground-based observations in a Google Mars environment, allowing the MSL (Mars Science Laboratory) Science Team a means to visualize the rover and its environment.

Andres, Paul M.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Extreme-scale workflows: A perspective from the JLESC international community

The Joint Laboratory for Extreme-Scale Computing (JLESC) focuses on software challenges in high-performance computing systems to meet the needs of today’s science campaigns, which often require large resources, consist of multiple tasks, and generate vast amounts of data. In this context, extreme-scale workflows have been the key factor in enabling scientific discoveries by helping scientists automate the dependencies and data exchanges between workflow tasks, instead of managing those manually. Here, in this paper, we present representative extreme-scale workflows and feature workflow systems developed by JLESC participating institutions. We present lessons learned while developing these tools, alongside with the open challenges and future research directions in the field of extreme-scale workflows.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Numerical modelling of impact seismic sources using the stress glut theory

SUMMARY Meteorite impacts have proved to be a significant source of seismic signal on the Moon, and have now been recorded on Mars by InSight seismometers. Understanding how impacts produce seismic signal is key to the interpretation of this unique data, and to improve their identification in continuous seismic records. Here, we use the seismic Representation Theorem, and particularly the stress glut theory, to model the seismic motion resulting from impact cratering. The source is described by equivalent forces, some resulting from the impactor momentum transfer, and others from the stress glut, which represents the mechanical effect of plasticity and non linear processes in the source region. We condense these equivalent forces into a point-source with a time-varying single force and nine-component moment tensor. This analytical representation bridges the gap between the complex dynamics of crater formation, and the linear point-source representation classically used in seismology. Using the multiphysics modelling software HOSS, we develop a method to compute the stress glut of an impact, and the associated point-source from hypervelocity impact simulations. For a vertical and an oblique impact at 1000 m s−1, we show that the moment tensor presents a significant deviatoric component. Hence, the source is not an ideal isotropic explosion contrary to previous assumptions, and draws closer to a double couple for the oblique impact. The contribution of the point force to the seismic signal appears negligible. We verify this model by comparing two signals: (1) HOSS is coupled to SPECFEM3D to propagate the near-source signal elastically to remote seismic stations; (2) the point-source model derived from the stress-glut theory is used to generate displacements at the same distance. The comparison shows that the point-source model is accurately simulating the low-frequency impact seismic waveform, and its seismic moment is in trend with Lunar and Martian impact data. High-frequencies discrepancies exist, which are partly related to finite-source effects, but might be further explained by the difference in mathematical framework between classical seismology and HOSS’ numerical modelling.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quantum Computing and Visualization: A Disruptive Technological Change Ahead

The focus of this Visualization Viewpoints article is to provide some background on quantum computing (QC), to explore ideas related to how visualization helps in understanding QC, and examine how QC might be useful for visualization with the growth and maturation of both technologies in the future. In a quickly evolving technology landscape, QC is emerging as a promising pathway to overcome the growth limits in classical computing. In some cases, QC platforms offer the potential to vastly outperform the familiar classical computer by solving problems more quickly or that may be intractable on any known classical platform. As further performance gains for classical computing platforms are limited by diminishing Moore’s Law scaling, QC platforms might be viewed as a potential successor to the current field of exascale-class platforms. Importantly, while present-day QC hardware platforms are still limited in scale, the field of quantum computing is robust and rapidly advancing in terms of hardware capabilities, software environments for developing quantum algorithms, and educational programs for training the next generation of scientists and engineers. After a brief introduction to QC concepts, the focus of this article is to explore the interplay between the fields of visualization and QC. First, visualization has played a role in QC by providing the means to show representations of the quantum state of single-qubits in superposition states and multiple-qubits in entangled states. Second, there are a number of ways in which the field of visual data exploration and analysis may potentially benefit from this disruptive new technology though there are challenges going forward.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2020

E-Area Low-Level Waste Facility GoldSim System Model

This report documents the development of the E-Area Low-Level Waste Facility (ELLWF) trench system model. The GoldSim® Monte Carlo simulation software is utilized to model the release and transport of radiological inventory disposed (both currently and in the future) within Engineered and Slit Trenches. This model is in support of the sensitivity and uncertainty analysis for the ELLWF Performance Assessment. The ELLWF system model utilizes a hybrid-approach to accurately describe the disposal system. The Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance model provides the infiltration data to both PORFLOW and GoldSim. PORFLOW is used to calibrate the GoldSim model to ensure confidence in the stochastic results. Finally, the concentrations from GoldSim transport simulations are fed into the SRNL Dose Toolkit to calculate dose impacts and assess plume interaction

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2021

SIRIUS: Science-Driven Data Management for Multi-Tiered Storage

The data sets being generated by large applications on very large-scale systems are increasing in both size and complexity. At the same time, there are new ways available to store and access these data sets. The goal in this project is to develop software that applications can use to make use of new and existing storage technologies in more sophisticated ways. One challenge in scientific data management is handling ‘hot’ vs ‘cold’ data. Data that is hot is data that is needed (or will be needed soon) in order for the program to continue progressing, while cold data is either output (and so will not be need further during the life of the program) or will not be needed until significantly later in the program’s run. Hot data should be stored in a way that allows fast access. On most systems, economic factors lead to an inverse relationship between storage performance and storage capacity and so fast access storage is limited. This makes it important to correctly place hot and cold data and avoid cold data unnecessarily consuming precious resources. In this reporting period, we addressed this challenge in various ways and at various levels. Data management frameworks offer only limited control to applications in how data is stored. We have added software capabilities for seamlessly moving data between layers of the storage technology using promote and demote functions to existing software frameworks. This gives direct control to applications in deciding what priority data receives. Additionally, we integrated different storage layer management frameworks in order to allow data to be exchanged and moved between storage layers in a consistent way across the application. Further, applications are not always able to directly decide what storage level makes sense for a given piece of data without an understanding of the underlying storage technologies. Data storage frameworks are often positioned to make these sorts of decisions in service of the application. We have added machine-learning based capabilities to data staging frameworks in order to make intelligent decisions about where data should be stored given learning about patterns in previous usage of similar data.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2021

User Guide to the Advanced Dimensional Depletion for Engineering of Reactors (ADDER) Software (V.1.0)

The Advanced Dimensional Depletion for Engineering of Reactors (ADDER) software is being developed in the Research and Test Reactor (RTR) Program at Argonne National Laboratory to meet the reactor design and analysis needs of the Conversion Program. ADDER is a flexible tool that (1) provides a depletion capability through coupling external neutronics codes with a built-in CRAM solver or external depletion code and (2) provides a user-friendly interface to perform fuel management and criticality search operations. The ADDER software is a Python 3 application written using modern software development practices subject to a compliant implementation of NQA-1 and applicable Department of Energy software quality assurance standards. This report is the user guide for the initial software release as ADDER v1.0.0. The motivation for a software to have flexible capabilities that ADDER possesses is the need to support a wide variety of geometries that are commonly required in analysis of research and test reactors. These reactors can have complex fuel, experiment, or control material shuffling patterns that persist over several years with many fuel management and partial refueling intervals. The scale of fuel management analysis can require tracking of an inventory that is multiple times the core loading. Many reactors, both power and non-power reactors of various types, will find the features of ADDER useful to facilitate key tasks that a fuel or core design engineer must perform with the convenience of concise input and validated functionality.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Multi‐Decadal Decarbonization Pathways for U.S. Freight Rail

A‐STEP is a first‐of‐its‐kind, integrated, open‐source software tool aimed at guiding freight rail decarbonization decision‐making. It has tools for studying energy use details for individual trains, networks of trains, battery and hydrogen charging stations, national energy sourcing and pricing, and overall decarbonization costs and environmental impacts. It gives analysts an ability to study the challenges of making such change happen. Completely amenable to analyst specified inputs and parameter values, it can be customized to provide outputs for a wide variety of assumptions about future energy conditions and technological advances. Written in Python, C++, and VB.Net, A‐STEP can be implemented on both Windows and Linux‐based platforms.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2025

MARIE: Software Methods & Documentation

This document describes the theory and function of the Model for the Assessment of Reprocessing and Recycle with Innovative Execution (MARIE) software developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Specifically presented are the supported unit operations, underlying theory for processes such as dissolution and generic solvent extraction, execution, and supported output capabilities

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2025

ViBRANT Applied as a Closed Loop Flux and Thermal Surrogate

Surrogate testing platforms provide a means to develop a target aspect of a larger system. Some systems target single aspects while others are more wholistic. ViBRANT (Visual Benign Reactor as Analog for Nuclear Testing) aims to be a wholistic system by representing the primary reactor behaviors through an accessible LED driven reactor core, photodiodes, thermocouples, and high-performance software interfaces being developed to the standards required for actual microreactor deployment such as MARVEL. With the ability to drive control drums enabled with full reactor capability (e.g. speed/angle/torque capability/limits for operation and clutch/spring scram capability), drive ViBRANT’s high fidelity 36 pin hexagon core to represent phenomena via LEDs, and capture the analog response of distributed photodiodes/thermocouples, this paper will show the system’s ability to operate in a closed-loop fashion and do well at matching reactor power/temperature distribution in an accessible reactor surrogate environment.

22 - GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗