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At least 1,765 records · Page 98
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Packing Optimization for Dismantled Parts of Nuclear Facilities - 18625

When dismantling nuclear facilities, the removed large components must be segmented into smaller pieces and then be stored in the containers. With good cutting and packing plans, the required quantity of the containers can be decreased, and the cost spent in preparing, handling, and disposing these containers can also be reduced significantly. To accomplish this, this article developed a methodology which integrates voxelization and metaheuristic to discretize the irregular shape of various components and put them into the containers with greatest efficiency. The proposed methodology is not limited to certain component types or shapes and can be used for all types of containers. This makes the proposed methodology useful and practical in the nuclear facility dismantling applications. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

Panel Session 120: Roundtable: Waste Management - Energy Facilities Contractor Operating Group (EFCOG WM)

This Roundtable focused on the WM EFCOG working group as they met to discuss a variety of issues of importance to US DOE waste management operations. The purpose of the WM EFCOG is to seek out and promote the best management and operating practices, cost effective technologies and disposal options for all waste streams generated at US DOE facilities whether destined for US DOE or commercial facilities. Each site representative provided a radioactive waste management lessons learned briefing. Panelists with presentations: Savannah River Site (SRS) Solid Waste Program Update (Kerri Crawford); Idaho Clean-up Project Status (Frederick Hughes); West Valley Demonstration Project Update - EFCOG Waste Management Working Group (John Rendall); Key Project Challenges and Successes (Kalli Shupe); EFCOG WMWG Challenging Waste Subgroup Update (Tammy Monday); CH TRU Difficult Waste Stream Processing Challenges (Daniel Pancake); Argonne Building 350 Clean-up Success Using Effective Work Control (Daniel Dilday); Problematic Waste Streams on the Oak Ridge Reservation (John Wrapp)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

CSA, the French LILW Disposal Facility: Taking Stock of the 30 years' Operating Experience - 20009

French Andra's currently operational LILW repository, Aube disposal facility, is almost 30 years old. From the beginning, the repository has benefited from the lessons learned from the first disposal facility, the CSM. It has nevertheless continued to evolve, to improve and to adapt, seeking to gain in efficiency, safety and cost optimization. This is a look at what has changed at the CSA since 1992 - and the effect these changes had on its operating practices, construction principles and the entire management organization. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2014

Colloid Rates of Radionuclides in Cooling Water of the 120-GeV Proton Accelerator Facilities at Fermilab - Paper 58

Cooling water systems for high-energy accelerators are typically equipped with a deionizer to keep water pure for accelerator materials and to remove radionuclides for radioactivity control. Although the deionizers are expected to collect the entire radionuclides, more radioactivity than expected remains in the cooling water in typical cooling water operations at J-PARC and the Tsukuba Campus of High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Japan. For example, specific activity of {sup 7}Be in the cooling water for magnetic horns at the J-PARC Neutrino Experimental Facility was observed to be comparable to the limit of {sup 7}Be activity for drain (30 Bq/mL) after enough deionization duration. Removing this activity from the cooling water is an important problem that must be solved before the water can be released into the environment. In our previous study, it was found that some radionuclides had weak retention on ion-exchange resins in the cooling water deionizer system for the K2K target and magnetic horns at the 12-GeV proton accelerator in KEK, Japan. Incomplete adsorption in the deionizer was attributed to colloid formation. Therefore, understanding the colloid formation of radionuclides in cooling water is important for understanding the activity remaining in the cooling water. Colloid formation in water under high-intensity radiation fields has been investigated by previous irradiation experiments. Under 120-GeV proton irradiation of Cu foils in water, it was found that the colloid formation rates of Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu isotopes and those of {sup 7}Be, {sup 24}Na, {sup 42}K, and {sup 43}K were approximately 30% and 1.8-3.9%, respectively. Sc, Cr, and Fe isotopes were missing from the water. In the photon irradiation of water in a Cu tube using Bremsstrahlung from an electron linear accelerator and a {sup 60}Co γ-ray source at Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute, we observed Cu colloid formation in consequence of the corrosion of Cu. It is possible that radionuclides attach to the colloids formed by the corrosion of accelerator materials and pass through the deionizer. To enhance the understanding of the behavior of radionuclides in cooling water in a high-energy accelerator environment, we investigated the colloid formation of radionuclides in cooling waters at the 120-GeV proton accelerator facilities at Fermilab, USA. We have already reported the previous results of specific activities of γemitting radionuclides and {sup 3}H in water samples collected from eight cooling water systems. Following the previous study, this paper is concerned with the measurement of colloid formation rates of radionuclides in cooling waters. (authors)

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

High Temperature Test Facility At Scale Testing, Validation, and Demonstration

Theses slides will be used to brief the Tribal DOE and Council Chairman for the project listed below. The High Temperature Test Facility (HTTF) is a demonstration-scale high temperature electrolysis (HTE) system that provides the ability to produce, process, store, and dispense electrolytically produced hydrogen. The system will be designed to accommodate electrolysis systems from various industry partners. The HTTF will be supplied up to 10 MW of power for electrolysis at 5 separate test article locations, each up to 2MW. The system will include post-processing and compression, storage, and capabilities to provide hydrogen for consumption by future end users. The HTTF will also provide the ability to test and demonstrate an HTE system in a configuration that would simulate the use of a nuclear generated steam supply for the high temperature heat source. The HTTF will be located at the Central Facilities Area (CFA) adjacent to CFA-686 on the INL site, 45 miles west of Idaho Falls.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2016

A Benders based rolling horizon algorithm for a dynamic facility location problem

This study presents a well-known capacitated dynamic facility location problem (DFLP) that satisfies the customer demand at a minimum cost by determining the time period for opening, closing, or retaining an existing facility in a given location. To solve this challenging NP-hard problem, this paper develops a unique hybrid solution algorithm that combines a rolling horizon algorithm with an accelerated Benders decomposition algorithm. Extensive computational experiments are performed on benchmark test instances to evaluate the hybrid algorithm’s efficiency and robustness in solving the DFLP problem. Computational results indicate that the hybrid Benders based rolling horizon algorithm consistently offers high quality feasible solutions in a much shorter computational time period than the standalone rolling horizon and accelerated Benders decomposition algorithms in the experimental range.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Bayesian inference of heterogeneous epidemic models: Application to COVID-19 spread accounting for long-term care facilities

Here we propose a high dimensional Bayesian inference framework for learning heterogeneous dynamics of a COVID-19 model, with a specific application to the dynamics and severity of COVID-19 inside and outside long-term care (LTC) facilities. We develop a heterogeneous compartmental model that accounts for the heterogeneity of the time-varying spread and severity of COVID-19 inside and outside LTC facilities, which is characterized by time-dependent stochastic processes and time-independent parameters in ~ 1500 dimensions after discretization. To infer these parameters, we use reported data on the number of confirmed, hospitalized, and deceased cases with suitable post-processing in both a deterministic inversion approach with appropriate regularization as a first step, followed by Bayesian inversion with proper prior distributions. To address the curse of dimensionality and the ill-posedness of the high-dimensional inference problem, we propose use of a dimension-independent projected Stein variational gradient descent method, and demonstrate the intrinsic low-dimensionality of the inverse problem. We present inference results with quantified uncertainties for both New Jersey and Texas, which experienced different epidemic phases and patterns. Moreover, we also present forecasting and validation results based on the empirical posterior samples of our inference for the future trajectory of COVID-19.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2017

A software for managing after-hours activities in research user facilities

Here, we present an afterhours activity management program for shared facilities, which handles the processes required for afterhours access (request, approval, extension, etc.). It implements the concept of permitted afterhours activities, which consists of a list of well-defined activities that each user can perform afterhours. The program provides an easy and unambiguous way for users to know which activities they are allowed to perform afterhours. In addition, the program can enhance its safety efficacy by interacting with lab and instrument access control systems commonly present in user facilities.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2021

A review of energy storage technologies for demand-side management in industrial facilities

Demand-side management (DSM) in industrial facilities provides an opportunity for substantial amounts of energy cost savings, since industrial facilities are the largest energy consuming sectors globally. In this work, energy storage (ES) technologies are critically reviewed and compared with industrial DSM in mind. ES technologies reviewed herein include lithium-ion battery energy storage (BES), sodium-sulfur BES, lead-acid BES, flow BES, supercapacitor ES, superconducting magnetic ES, thermal ES, flywheel ES, pumped hydro ES, and compressed air ES. The fundamentals of these energy storage technologies are reviewed in detail including recent developments, followed by case studies and extensive comparisons. These comparisons include, but are not limited to cost per cycle analyses, levelized cost of energy analyses, and comparisons between performance, transient, and cost characteristics. Here, some key properties analyzed include the rated power, power density, efficiency, lifetime, discharge time, capital costs, and O&M costs.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Novel design and diagnostics improvements for increased production capacity and improved reliability at the Los Alamos Isotope Production Facility

The Isotope Production Facility (IPF) at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is used to produce an array of isotopes for medical, global security, and research applications with an intense beam of protons supplied by the linear accelerator at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). An Accelerator Improvement Project (AIP) was recently conducted at IPF to improve facility reliability and reduce programmatic risk while increasing general isotope production capacity and flexibility. This was accomplished through the installation of an improved beam window assembly, more robust beam diagnostics, an active and adjustable collimator, and a new beam rastering system. This paper will highlight the four exciting innovations and how they were designed, validated, and installed in parallel as well as the significant operational advantages they provide to IPF. Key experiments and the increased currents achieved in routine production runs demonstrating the enhanced capability from the AIP will be presented. As a result, the most notable capability enhancements include irradiations with beam currents ranging from 100 nA experimental runs up to 300 μA on routine production targets and utilization of a range of cylindrical target diameters.

100 MeV protons↗
DOE OSTI2026

Toward Unified Autonomous Scattering Experiments: A Cross-Facility Case Study at ALS and PETRA III

Autonomous experiments rely on the integration of control, data acquisition, analysis, and decision-making frameworks. While such systems have been demonstrated at individual facilities, adapting them to additional instruments remains challenging due to differences in local infrastructure. We present a modular workflow that connects existing open-source tools for data access (Tiled), workflow orchestration (Prefect), analysis and visualization (pyFAI, Plotly Dash), and Gaussian-process-based adaptive sampling (gpCAM) into a unified framework for autonomous scattering experiments. The same configuration operates across two synchrotron beamlines (ALS 7.3.3 and PETRA III P03) with only minimal facility-specific adjustments, as shown in proof-of-concept demonstrations. This validates that a consistent design emphasizing modularity and shared interfaces can ease deployment across diverse experimental environments. The resulting framework provides a flexible foundation for extending autonomous control and analysis capabilities beyond a single beamline or instrument.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2014

Photometric study of single-shot energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction at a laser plasma facility

The low repetition rates and possible shot-to-shot variations in laser-plasma studies place a high value on single-shot diagnostics. For example, white-beam scattering methods based on broadband backlighter x-ray sources are used to determine changes in the structure of laser-shocked crystalline materials by the evolution of coincidences of reciprocal lattice vectors and kinematically allowed momentum transfers. Here, we demonstrate that white-beam techniques can be extended to strongly disordered dense plasma and warm dense matter systems where reciprocal space is only weakly structured and spectroscopic detection is consequently needed to determine the static structure factor and thus, the ion-ion radial distribution function. Specifically, we report a photometric study of energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction (ED-XRD) for structural measurement of high energy density systems at large-scale laser facilities such as OMEGA and the National Ignition Facility. We find that structural information can be obtained in single-shot ED-XRD experiments using established backlighter and spectrometer technologies.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

A nuclear physics program at the Rare Isotope Beams Accelerator Facility in Korea

This paper outlines the new physics possibilities that fall within the field of nuclear structure and astrophysics based on experiments with radioactive ion beams at the future Rare Isotope Beams Accelerator facility in Korea. This ambitious multi-beam facility has both an Isotope Separation On Line (ISOL) and fragmentation capability to produce rare isotopes beams (RIBs) and will be capable of producing and accelerating beams of wide range mass of nuclides with energies of a few to hundreds MeV per nucleon. The large dynamic range of reaccelerated RIBs will allow the optimization in each nuclear reaction case with respect to cross section and channel opening. The low energy RIBs around Coulomb barrier offer nuclear reactions such as elastic resonance scatterings, one or two particle transfers, Coulomb multiple-excitations, fusion-evaporations, and direct capture reactions for the study of the very neutron-rich and proton-rich nuclides. In contrast, the high energy RIBs produced by in-flight fragmentation with reaccelerated ions from the ISOL enable to explore the study of neutron drip lines in intermediate mass regions. The proposed studies aim at investigating the exotic nuclei near and beyond the nucleon drip lines, and to explore how nuclear many-body systems change in such extreme regions by addressing the following topics: the evolution of shell structure in areas of extreme proton to neutron imbalance; the study of the weak interaction in exotic decay schemes such as beta-delayed two-neutron or two-proton emission; the change of isospin symmetry in isobaric mirror nuclei at the drip lines; two protons or two neutrons radioactivity beyond the drip lines; the role of the continuum states including resonant states above the particle-decay threshold in exotic nuclei; and the effects of nuclear reaction rates triggered by the unbound proton-rich nuclei on nuclear astrophysical processes.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2014

RIB in-flight production and the facility EXOTIC at LNL

The production of Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs) via the In-Flight technique is reviewed. This separation method typically employs four main production mechanisms: (i) Projectile Fragmentation; (ii) Projectile Fission; (iii) Nuclear Fusion and (iv) Direct Processes in Inverse Kinematics. We will concentrate particularly on the last mechanism, the one used by the facility EXOTIC at the INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL) for the production of light RIBs. An extensive description of the facility and a brief overview of the most recent scientific achievements with {sup 7}Be and {sup 17}F are given.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2015

First multicharged ion irradiation results from the CUEBIT facility at Clemson University

A new electron beam ion trap (EBIT) based ion source and beamline were recently commissioned at Clemson University to produce decelerated beams of multi- to highly-charged ions for surface and materials physics research. This user facility is the first installation of a DREEBIT-designed superconducting trap and ion source (EBIS-SC) in the U.S. and includes custom-designed target preparation and irradiation setups. An overview of the source, beamline, and other facilities as well as results from first measurements on irradiated targets are discussed here. Results include extracted charge state distributions and first data on a series of irradiated metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) device targets. For the MOS devices, we show that voltage-dependent capacitance can serve as a record of the electronic component of ion stopping power for an irradiated, encapsulated oxide target.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Status of the ELISE test facility

The test facility ELISE, equipped with a large radio frequency (RF) driven ion source (1×0.9 m2) of half the size of the ion source for the ITER neutral beam injection (NBI) system, is operational since beginning of 2013. The first experimental campaign was dedicated to a thorough qualification of the test facility and its diagnostic tools at low RF power (80 kW in total, i.e. 20 kW per driver) in volume operation, i.e. operation without cesium, where the negative hydrogen ion production is done in the plasma volume only. This paper reports on the main results of the second and third experimental campaigns, where Cs was inserted in the ion source for an enhancement of the negative ion production by the surface process. The second experimental campaign was done still with low RF power, both for hydrogen and deuterium, with pulse lengths of up to 500 s. The results of this campaign are rather encouraging, especially in hydrogen, where large current densities with respect to the low RF power could be achieved at a ratio of co-extracted electrons to extracted ions of 0.5-0.6 at the relevant source pressure of 0.3 Pa. Similar large extracted ion currents could be achieved also in deuterium, but with larger amounts of co-extracted electrons. The required ratio of co-extracted electrons to extracted ions of one could be achieved only in short pulses. The third experimental campaign aimed then for approaching the required ITER NBI parameters with respect to the ion and electron extracted currents, both for hydrogen and deuterium, by increasing the RF power with short pulses, i.e. beam-on times of up to 10 s and RF-on time up to 20 s. Current densities near the ITER NBI requirements could be achieved in hydrogen at a ratio of co-extracted electrons to extracted ions of 0.5-0.6 at the relevant source pressure of 0.3 Pa. As it was the case for the low RF operation, the required filter field was significantly lower than expected from the experience with the small prototype RF source. Similar large extracted ion currents could be achieved also in deuterium, but with larger amounts of co-extracted electrons; the main problem in deuterium operation are the non-stable currents of the co-extracted electrons, most probably caused by the high dynamic of the Cs redistribution in the system. The reasons for this larger instability are still under investigation.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Advanced ion beam calorimetry for the test facility ELISE

The negative ion source test facility ELISE (Extraction from a Large Ion Source Experiment) is in operation since beginning of 2013 at the Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik (IPP) in Garching bei München. The large radio frequency driven ion source of ELISE is about 1×1 m{sup 2} in size (1/2 the ITER source) and can produce a plasma for up to 1 h. Negative ions can be extracted and accelerated by an ITER-like extraction system made of 3 grids with an area of 0.1 m{sup 2}, for 10 s every 3 minutes. A total accelerating voltage of up to 60 kV is available, i.e. a maximum ion beam power of about 1.2 MW can be produced. ELISE is equipped with several beam diagnostic tools for the evaluation of the beam characteristics. In order to evaluate the beam properties with a high level of detail, a sophisticated diagnostic calorimeter has been installed in the test facility at the end of 2013, starting operation in January 2014. The diagnostic calorimeter is split into 4 copper plates with separate water calorimetry for each of the plates. Each calorimeter plate is made of 15×15 copper blocks, which act as many separate inertial calorimeters and are attached to a copper plate with an embedded cooling circuit. The block geometry and the connection with the cooling plate are optimized to accurately measure the time-averaged power of the 10 s ion beam. The surface of the blocks is covered with a black coating that allows infrared (IR) thermography which provides a 2D profile of the beam power density. In order to calibrate the IR thermography, 48 thermocouples are installed in as many blocks, arranged in two vertical and two horizontal rows. The paper describes the beam calorimetry in ELISE, including the methods used for the IR thermography, the water calorimetry and the analytical methods for beam profile evaluation. It is shown how the maximum beam inhomogeneity amounts to 13% in average. The beam divergence derived by IR thermography ranges between 1° and 4° and correlates relatively well with the values measured by beam emission spectroscopy with up to 30% difference. It has also been observed that the beam inhomogeneity decreases with lower beam divergence.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

A negative ion source test facility

Progress is being made in the development of an Ion Source Test Facility (ISTF) by D-Pace Inc. in collaboration with Buckley Systems Ltd. in Auckland, NZ. The first phase of the ISTF is to be commissioned in October 2015 with the second phase being commissioned in March 2016. The facility will primarily be used for the development and the commercialization of ion sources. It will also be used to characterize and further develop various D-Pace Inc. beam diagnostic devices.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗