Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “ELECTRONICS”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,765 records · Page 98
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

The electron spectro-microscopy beamline at National Synchrotron Light Source II: A wide photon energy range, micro-focusing beamline for photoelectron spectro-microscopies

A comprehensive optical design for a high-resolution, high-flux, wide-energy range, micro-focused beamline working in the vacuum ultraviolet and soft x-ray photon energy range is proposed. The beamline is to provide monochromatic radiation to three photoelectron microscopes: a full-field x-ray photoelectron emission microscope and two scanning instruments, one dedicated to angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy ({mu}-ARPES) and one for ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning photoelectron microscopy (AP-XPS/SPEM). Microfocusing is achieved with state of the art elliptical cylinders, obtaining a spot size of 1 {mu}m for ARPES and 0.5 {mu}m for AP-XPS/SPEM. A detailed ray tracing analysis quantitatively evaluates the overall beamline performances.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2016

Measurement of turbulent electron temperature fluctuations on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak using correlated electron cyclotron emission

Turbulent temperature fluctuations are measured on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak using pairs of closely spaced, narrow-band heterodyne radiometer channels and a standard correlation technique. The pre-detection spacing and bandwidth of the radiometer channel pairs is chosen such that they are physically separated less than a turbulent correlation length, but do not overlap. The radiometer has 4 fixed filter frequency channels and two tunable filter channels for added flexibility in the measurement position. Relative temperature fluctuation amplitudes are observed in a helium plasma to be δT/T = (0.76 ± 0.02)%, (0.67 ± 0.02)%, and (0.59 ± 0.03)% at normalised toroidal flux radius of ρ{sub tor} = 0.82, 0.75, and 0.68, respectively.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2012

Atomistic study of grain boundary sink strength under prolonged electron irradiation

Grain boundaries (GBs) are sinks and sources of point defects, which are produced in large number under radiation damage. As grain size decreases, many of the point defects sink into GBs. It is unknown whether GBs will saturate as sinks of point defects, particularly when grain size is at the nanoscale. Using a combination of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and rate theory for BCC Mo, the authors show that large-angle GBs do not saturate as sinks of point defects. The MD simulations serve to provide direct measurement of defect evolution, and the rate theory serves to test whether grain boundary sink strength is a constant and to extend the MD results to realistic defect production rates.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2012

Application of hydrogenation to low-temperature cleaning of the Si(001) surface in the processes of molecular-beam epitaxy: Investigation by scanning tunneling microscopy, reflected high-energy electron diffraction, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy

Structural properties of the clean Si(001) surface obtained as a result of low-temperature (470-650 Degree-Sign C) pre-growth annealings of silicon wafers in a molecular-beam epitaxy chamber have been investigated. To decrease the cleaning temperature, a silicon surface was hydrogenated in the process of a preliminary chemical treatment in HF and NH{sub 4}F aqueous solutions. It has been shown that smooth surfaces composed of wide terraces separated by monoatomic steps can be obtained by dehydrogenation at the temperatures Greater-Than-Or-Equivalent-To 600 Degree-Sign C, whereas clean surfaces obtained at the temperatures <600 Degree-Sign C are rough. It has been found that there exists a dependence of structural properties of clean surfaces on the temperature of hydrogen thermal desorption and the process of the preliminary chemical treatment. The frequency of detachment/attachment of Si dimers from/to the steps and effect of the Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier on ad-dimer migration across steps have been found to be the most probable factors determining a degree of the resultant surface roughness.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Comment on 'Three-dimensional numerical investigation of electron transport with rotating spoke in a cylindrical anode layer Hall plasma accelerator'[Phys. Plasmas 19, 073519 (2012)]

The oscillation behavior described by Tang et al.[Phys. Plasmas 19, 073519 (2012)] differs too greatly from previous experimental and numerical studies to claim observation of the same phenomenon. Most significantly, the rotation velocity by Tang et al.[Phys. Plasmas 19, 073519 (2012)] is three orders of magnitude larger than that of typical 'rotating spoke' phenomena. Several physical and numerical considerations are presented to more accurately understand the numerical results of Tang et al.[Phys. Plasmas 19, 073519 (2012)] in light of previous studies.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Large dynamic range diagnostics for high current electron LINACs

The Jefferson Lab FEL driver accelerator - Energy Recovery Linac has provided a beam with average current of up to 9 mA and beam energy of 135 MeV. The high power beam operations have allowed developing and testing methods and approaches required to set up and tune such a facility simultaneously for the high beam power and high beam quality required for high performance FEL operations. In this contribution we briefly review this experience and outline problems that are specific to high current - high power non-equilibrium linac beams. While the original strategy for beam diagnostics and tuning have proven to be quite successful, some shortcomings and unresolved issues were also observed. The most important issues are the non-equilibrium (non-Gaussian) nature of the linac beam and the presence of small intensity - large amplitude fraction of the beam a.k.a. beam halo. Thus we also present a list of the possible beam halo sources and discuss possible mitigations means. We argue that for proper understanding and management of the beam halo large dynamic range (>10{sup 6}) transverse and longitudinal beam diagnostics can be used. We also present results of transverse beam profile measurements with the dynamic range approaching 10{sup 5} and demonstrate the effect the increased dynamic range has on the beam characterization, i.e., emittance and Twiss parameters measurements. We also discuss near future work planned in this field and where the JLab FEL facility will be used for beam tests of the developed of new diagnostics.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Ultra-high-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering at high-repetition-rate self-seeded X-ray free-electron lasers

Inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) is an important tool for studies of equilibrium dynamics in condensed matter. A new spectrometer recently proposed for ultra-high-resolution IXS (UHRIX) has achieved 0.6 meV and 0.25 nm -1 spectral and momentum-transfer resolutions, respectively. However, further improvements down to 0.1 meV and 0.02 nm -1 are required to close the gap in energy–momentum space between high- and low-frequency probes. It is shown that this goal can be achieved by further optimizing the X-ray optics and by increasing the spectral flux of the incident X-ray pulses. UHRIX performs best at energies from 5 to 10 keV, where a combination of self-seeding and undulator tapering at the SASE-2 beamline of the European XFEL promises up to a 100-fold increase in average spectral flux compared with nominal SASE pulses at saturation, or three orders of magnitude more than what is possible with storage-ring-based radiation sources. Wave-optics calculations show that about 7 × 10 12 photons s -1 in a 90 µeV bandwidth can be achieved on the sample. This will provide unique new possibilities for dynamics studies by IXS.

inelastic X-ray scattering↗
DOE OSTI2014

Novel Power Electronics Three-Dimensional Heat Exchanger: Preprint

Electric drive systems for vehicle propulsion enable technologies critical to meeting challenges for energy, environmental, and economic security. Enabling cost-effective electric drive systems requires reductions in inverter power semiconductor area. As critical components of the electric drive system are made smaller, heat removal becomes an increasing challenge. In this paper, we demonstrate an integrated approach to the design of thermal management systems for power semiconductors that matches the passive thermal resistance of the packaging with the active convective cooling performance of the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger concept builds on existing semiconductor thermal management improvements described in literature and patents, which include improved bonded interface materials, direct cooling of the semiconductor packages, and double-sided cooling. The key difference in the described concept is the achievement of high heat transfer performance with less aggressive cooling techniques by optimizing the passive and active heat transfer paths. An extruded aluminum design was selected because of its lower tooling cost, higher performance, and scalability in comparison to cast aluminum. Results demonstrated a heat flux improvement of a factor of two, and a package heat density improvement over 30%, which achieved the thermal performance targets.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2018

Two-nucleon emission in neutrino and electron scattering from nuclei: The modified convolution approximation

The theoretical formalism of inclusive lepton–nucleus scattering in the two-nucleon emission channel is discussed in the context of a simplified approach, the modified convolution approximation. This allows one to write the 2p2h responses of the relativistic Fermi gas as a folding integral of two 1p1h responses with the energies and momenta transferred to each nucleon. The idea behind this method is to introduce different average momenta for the two initial nucleons in the matrix elements of the two-body current, with the innovation that they depend on the transferred energies and momenta. This method treats exactly the two-body phase space kinematics, and reduces the formulae of the response functions from seven-dimensional integrals over momenta to much simpler three-dimensional ones. The applicability of the method is checked by comparing with the full results within a model of electroweak meson-exchange currents. The predictions are accurate enough, especially in the low-energy threshold region where the average momentum approximation works the best.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Numerical integration for ab initio many-electron self energy calculations within the GW approximation

We present a numerical integration scheme for evaluating the convolution of a Green's function with a screened Coulomb potential on the real axis in the GW approximation of the self energy. Our scheme takes the zero broadening limit in Green's function first, replaces the numerator of the integrand with a piecewise polynomial approximation, and performs principal value integration on subintervals analytically. We give the error bound of our numerical integration scheme and show by numerical examples that it is more reliable and accurate than the standard quadrature rules such as the composite trapezoidal rule. We also discuss the benefit of using different self energy expressions to perform the numerical convolution at different frequencies.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

New insights into the application of the valence rules in Zintl phases—Crystal and electronic structures of Ba{sub 7}Ga{sub 4}P{sub 9}, Ba{sub 7}Ga{sub 4}As{sub 9}, Ba{sub 7}Al{sub 4}Sb{sub 9}, Ba{sub 6}CaAl{sub 4}Sb{sub 9}, and Ba{sub 6}CaGa{sub 4}Sb{sub 9}

Crystals of three new ternary pnictides—Ba{sub 7}Al{sub 4}Sb{sub 9}, Ba{sub 7}Ga{sub 4}P{sub 9}, and Ba{sub 7}Ga{sub 4}As{sub 9} have been prepared by reactions of the respective elements in molten Al or Pb fluxes. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the three phases are isotypic, crystallizing in the orthorhombic Ba{sub 7}Ga{sub 4}Sb{sub 9}-type structure (space group Pmmn, Pearson symbol oP40, Z=2), for which only the prototype is known. The structure is based on TrPn{sub 4} tetrahedra (Tr=Al, Ga; Pn=P, As, Sb), connected in an intricate scheme into 1D-ribbons. Long interchain Pn–Pn bonds (d{sub P–P}>3.0 Å; d{sub As–As}>3.1 Å; d{sub Sb–Sb}>3.3 Å) account for the realization of 2D-layers, separated by Ba{sup 2+} cations. Applying the classic valance rules to rationalize the bonding apparently fails, and Ba{sub 7}Ga{sub 4}Sb{sub 9} has long been known as a metallic Zintl phase. Earlier theoretical calculations, both empirical and ab-initio, suggest that the possible metallic properties originate from filled anti-bonding Pn–Pn states, and the special roles of the “cations” in this crystal structure. To experimentally probe this hypothesis, we sought to synthesize the ordered quaternary phases Ba{sub 6}CaTr{sub 4}Sb{sub 9} (Tr=Al, Ga). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction work confirms Ba{sub 6.145(3)}Ca{sub 0.855}Al{sub 4}Sb{sub 9} and Ba{sub 6.235(3)}Ca{sub 0.765}Ga{sub 4}Sb{sub 9}, with Ca atoms preferably substituting Ba on one of the three available sites. The nuances of the five crystal structures are discussed, and the chemical bonding in Ba{sub 7}Ga{sub 4}As{sub 9} is interrogated by tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital calculations. - Graphical abstract: The new Zintl phases—Ba{sub 7}Al{sub 4}Sb{sub 9}, Ba{sub 7}Ga{sub 4}P{sub 9}, and Ba{sub 7}Ga{sub 4}As{sub 9}, and their quaternary variants Ba{sub 6}CaTr{sub 4}Sb{sub 9} (Tr=Al, Ga)—crystallize in the Ba{sub 7}Ga{sub 4}Sb{sub 9} structure type. The structures are based on TrPn{sub 4} tetrahedra (a perspective of the crystal structure is shown, as viewed along the c axis). - Highlights: • Ba{sub 7}Al{sub 4}Sb{sub 9}, Ba{sub 7}Ga{sub 4}P{sub 9}, and Ba{sub 7}Ga{sub 4}As{sub 9} are new compounds in the respective phase diagrams. • The quaternary phases Ba{sub 6}CaTr{sub 4}Sb{sub 9} (Tr=Al, Ga) show nearly ordered Ba/Ca distribution. • Very weak Pn–Pn bonds and pairing distortion are observed for Ba{sub 7}Ga{sub 4}Pn{sub 9} (Pn=P, As).

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗