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At least 1,765 records · Page 98
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Advanced Techniques for Sample Processing of the Reusable Metal-Containing Raw Material (Review)

A review of the sample processing of different types of reusable metal-containing material (catalytic agents, e-wastes, cuttings, etc.) is given in the article; the purpose of the sample processing is the further analysis in the form of solutions: dilution in the mineral acid mix, alloying with different fluxes, leaching, etc. Increase in the temperature and pressure, ultrasonic impact, and microwave radiation are applied for the purpose of sample processing intensification. Methods of sample processing with application of sorbate concentration for the further definition of not only the noble, nonferrous, and rare metals but also the toxic elements are described. The review shows that the stage of sample processing is very important for achieving the potential of the applied analytical methods.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Combined Methods of Analysis of Metal-Containing Raw Material (Review)

Methods of analysis of reusable metal-containing material (RMR) are considered in the review: X-ray fluorescence, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and atomic emission and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Peculiarities of the applied methods are shown, and a method of analysis with consideration of the specificity of RMR should be developed for every object. In the most cases, the methods of sample processing harmonized with the applied method of analysis and sample content.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Luminescence properties of europium(III) compounds with quinaldic acid and nitrogen-containing ligands

Luminescent mixed-ligand Eu(III) complexes with quinaldic acid and nitrogen-containing dimeric ligands are synthesized. The thermal and spectral-luminescent properties of the obtained mixedligand Eu(III) complexes are studied. It is shown that a water molecule and a neutral ligand are detached during thermolysis in two stages with endothermic effects. It is found that the quinaldinate ion is coordinated to a europium(III) ion in a bidentate fashion. The Stark structure of the 5D{sub 0}–7F{sub j} (j = 0, 1, 2) transitions in the low-temperature luminescence spectra of europium(III) complexes is analyzed.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Determination of the Disperse Composition of a PbO Suspension Containing Aggregates of Particles of Lamellar Shape by the Laser-Polarimetry Method

The results of measurements of the scattering matrix at a wavelength of 0.63 μm in the range of scattering angles of 10°–155° are presented for an aqueous suspension of lead oxide containing particles of plate form and their aggregates of monomers with dimensions of ~5 nm. The results of the measurements are compared with the results of calculations for axially symmetric scatterers (ellipsoids of rotation, cylinders). It is shown that the presence of aggregates affects the scattering properties of such a medium. The results of reconstructing the distribution of particles of a disperse medium in sizes from the measurements data of the scattering matrix are presented. The reconstruction of the distributions was carried out by solving the problem of optimizing the sum of the squared deviations of the experimental and calculated values of matrix elements in the framework of the model of axially symmetric scatterers. It is shown that the distribution of particles by sizes is more accurately reconstructed by minimizing the sum of the squares of the deviations for the sum of the diagonal elements. The obtained distribution is compared with the distribution measured by the method of dynamic light scattering.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Raman Scattering of Light by Molecules of Methyl Orange Dye on the Surface of Silicon Containing Ion-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles

The possibility of using a new composite material based on porous silicon containing silver nanoparticles and synthesized by means of a unique implantation nanotechnology as an optically sensitive material in biological and chemical sensors is tested experimentally. It is demonstrated that detection of small amounts of the studied organic substance (methyl orange dye) is possible due to the effect of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from the molecules affected by the local electromagnetic field of the silver nanoparticles.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Photolysis of Diazo Dye in Solutions and Films Containing Zinc and Silver Oxides

Photolysis of Chicago Sky Blue diazo dye in aqueous solutions and films containing zinc and silver oxides is studied. The presence of zinc and silver nitrates in aqueous solutions of this dye considerably increase the rate of its photolysis under UV irradiation. ZnO and ZnO:Ag oxide films and composite coatings with zinc and silver nitrates also considerably affect the photolysis of Chicago Sky Blue diazo dye.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Synthesis of 2-arylidenebenzocycloalkanones containing N-donor heterocyclic rings

A series of 2-arylidenebenzocycloalkanones containing heterocyclic rings 1–8 were prepared and characterized by IR, {sup 1}H NMR and elemental analyses. X-ray diffraction study of 6 reveals that the cyclohexyl ring of the 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one adopts a chair conformation with a maximum deviation of 0.547(3) Å and makes dihedral angles of 52.24(17)° and 11.23(16)°, respectively, with the benzene plane and the mean plane of the benzimidazole ring.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

Stereochemistry of silicon in oxygen-containing compounds

Specific stereochemical features of silicon in oxygen-containing compounds, including hybrid silicates with all oxygen atoms of SiO{sub n} groups ({sub n} = 4, 5, or 6) entering into the composition of organic anions or molecules, are described by characteristics of Voronoi—Dirichlet polyhedra. It is found that in rutile-like stishovite and post-stishovite phases with the structures similar to those of СаСl{sub 2}, α-PbO{sub 2}, or pyrite FeS{sub 2}, the volume of Voronoi—Dirichlet polyhedra of silicon and oxygen atoms decreases linearly with pressure increasing to 268 GPa. Based on these results, the possibility of formation of new post-stishovite phases is shown, namely, the fluorite-like structure (transition predicted at ~400 GPa) and a body-centered cubic lattice with statistical arrangement of silicon and oxygen atoms (~900 GPa).

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}–CaO–SiO{sub 2} glass containing nucleation agent P{sub 2}O{sub 5}/TiO{sub 2}

Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}–CaO–SiO{sub 2} glass ceramics containing nucleation agent P{sub 2}O{sub 5}/TiO{sub 2} were prepared by sol-gel method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The activation energy and kinetic parameters for crystallization of the samples were calculated by the Johnson-Mehi-Avrami (JMA) model and Augis-Bennett method according to the results of DSC. The results showed that the crystallization mechanism of Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}–CaO–SiO{sub 2} glass, whose non-isothermal kinetic parameter n = 2.3, was consistent with surface crystallization of the JMA model. The kinetics model function of Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}–CaO–SiO{sub 2} glass, f(α) = 2.3(1–α)[–ln(1–α)]{sup 0.57}, was also obtained. The addition of nucleation agent P{sub 2}O{sub 5}/TiO{sub 2} could reduce the activation energy, which made the crystal growth modes change from onedimensional to three-dimensional.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Crystal Structure of a Nickel(II) Complex with the Macrocyclic Azadibenzo-14-crown-4 Ether Ligand Containing the Embedded Di(α-pyridyl)bispidone Moiety

The crystal structure of the nickel(II) complex with substituted azadibenzo-14-crown-4 ether containing the embedded di(α-pyridyl)bispidone moiety having the formula [L(H{sub 2}O)Ni(NO{sub 3}) Ni(H{sub 2}O)L](ClO{sub 4}){sub 3} · 0.7EtOH was studied by X-ray diffraction (T = 150(2) K, R = 0.0628). In the complex cation two five-coordinate nickel complexes are bridged by the nitrate anion to form a dimer. The distorted octahedral environment of Ni atoms is formed by four nitrogen atoms of the molecule L and the oxygen atoms of the water molecule and the NO{sub 3}{sup -} anion. In the nickel complex, like in the cobalt and copper complexes studied previously, the bispidine moiety of the molecule L adopts a chair-chair conformation.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Influence of radiative processes on the ignition of deuterium–tritium plasma containing inactive impurities

The degree of influence of radiative processes on the ignition of deuterium–tritium (DT) plasma has been theoretically studied as dependent on the content of inactive impurities in plasma. The analytic criterion of plasma ignition in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets is modified taking into account the absorption of intrinsic radiation from plasma in the ignition region. The influence of radiative processes on the DT plasma ignition has been analytically and numerically studied for plasma that contains a significant fraction of inactive impurities either as a result of DT fuel mixing with ICF target ablator material or as a result of using light metal DT-hydrides as solid noncryogenic fuel. It has been shown that the effect of the absorption of intrinsic radiation leads to lower impurity-induced increase in the ignition energy as compared to that calculated in the approximation of optically transparent ignition region.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

XAFS Spectroscopy Study of Microstructure and Electronic Structure of Heterosystems Containing Si/GeMn Quantum Dots

Using X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy, extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, the features of the microstructure and elemental composition of Si/GeMn magnetic systems obtained by molecular beam epitaxy and containing quantum dots are studied. Intense mixing of Ge and Si atoms is found in all samples. The degree of mixing (diffusion) correlates with the conditions of synthesis of Si/GeMn samples. For these systems, direct contacts of germanium atoms with manganese atoms are characterized and the presence of interstitial manganese with tetrahedral coordination and substitution of manganese for germanium and silicon in the lattice sites is found. The presence of stoichiometric phases Ge{sub 8}Mn{sub 11}, Ge{sub 3}Mn{sub 5} is not detected. The correlations of the Ge, Si, and Mn coordination numbers in the Ge environment are determined both with the Mn flux value (evaporator temperature) and with the temperature at which quantum dots are grown, as well as with other synthesis conditions. The manganese concentration in the samples is determined.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

Coherent fragmentation of {sup 12}C nuclei of momentum 4.5 GeV/c per nucleon through the {sup 8}Be{sub g.s.}+{sup 4}He channel in a nuclear photoemulsion containing lead nuclei

A two-particle channel in which an unbound nucleus of {sup 8}Be in the ground state ({sup 8}Be{sub g.s.}) was one of the fragments was selected among events where {sup 12}C nuclei of momentum 4.5 GeV/c per nucleon undergo coherent dissociation into three alpha particles. The events in question were detected in a track nuclear photoemulsion containing lead nuclei, which was irradiated at the synchrophasotron of the Laboratory of High Energies at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR, Dubna). The average transverse momentum of alpha particles produced upon the decay of {sup 8}Be{sub g.s.} nuclei was 87±6 MeV/c, while that for “single” alpha (α{sub s}) particles was 123±15 MeV/c. The average value of the transverse-momentum transfer in the reaction being considered, Pt(12C), was 223 ± 20 MeV/c. The average value of the cross section for this channel involving Ag and Br target nuclei was 13 ± 4 mb, while the cross section for the reaction on the Pb nucleus was 40 ± 15 mb. The Coulomb dissociation contribution evaluated on the basis of the number of events where the momentum P{sub t}({sup 12}C) did not exceed 0.1 GeV/c saturated about 20%. In nine events, the measured total transverse energy of the fragments in the reference frame comoving with the decaying carbon nucleus did not exceed 0.45 MeV, which did not contradict the excitation of the participant {sup 12}C nucleus to the level at 7.65 MeV. The average value of the transverse momentum in those events was 234 ± 25 MeV/c.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Effect of dust charge fluctuations on dust acoustic structures in magnetized dusty plasma containing nonextensive electrons and two-temperature isothermal ions

Effect of dust electrical charge fluctuations on the nature of dust acoustic solitary waves (DASWs) in a four-species magnetized dusty plasma containing nonextensive electrons and two-temperature isothermal ions has been investigated. In this model, the negative dust electric charge is considered to be proportional to the plasma space potential. The nonlinear Zakharov–Kuznetsov (ZK) and modified Zakharov–Kuznetsov (mZK) equations are derived for DASWs by using the standard reductive perturbation method. The combined effects of electron nonextensivity and dust charge fluctuations on the DASW profile are analyzed. The different ranges of the nonextensive q-parameter are considered. The results show that solitary waves the amplitude and width of which depend sensitively on the nonextensive q-parameter can exist. Due to the electron nonextensivity and dust charge fluctuation rate, our dusty plasma model can admit both positive and negative potential solitons. The results show that the amplitude of the soliton increases with increasing electron nonextensivity, but its width decreases. Increasing the electrical charge fluctuations leads to a decrease in both the amplitude and width of DASWs.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Study of Gallium Arsenide Etching in a DC Discharge in Low-Pressure HCl-Containing Mixtures

Halogen-containing plasmas are often used to form topological structures on semiconductor surfaces; therefore, spectral monitoring of the etching process is an important diagnostic tool in modern electronics. In this work, the emission spectra of gas discharges in mixtures of hydrogen chloride with argon, chlorine, and hydrogen in the presence of a semiconducting gallium arsenide plate were studied. Spectral lines and bands of the GaAs etching products appropriate for monitoring the etching rate were determined. It is shown that the emission intensity of the etching products is proportional to the GaAs etching rate in plasmas of HCl mixtures with Ar and Cl{sub 2}, which makes it possible to monitor the etching process in real time by means of spectral methods.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Study of optical parameters of the Se-As chalcogenide semiconductor system containing EuF{sub 3} impurities

Optical properties of chalcogenide vitreous semiconductors of composition Se{sub 95}As{sub 5} containing different amounts of rare-earth metal fluorides (EuF{sub 3}) are studied, and, on this basis, the fundamental parameters, such as the refractive index and extinction coefficient, are determined. The dependences of these parameters on the content of EuF{sub 3} molecules are nonmonotonic: the low content (below 0.25 at %) aids in decreasing the parameters, whereas the high content tends to increase them. From the analysis of the results with consideration for the structural features of chalcogenide vitreous semiconductors of the Se{sub 95}As{sub 5} system (the presence of ordered high-coordinated microregions separated from each other by regions with a lower atomic density), it is concluded that the optical properties of the chalcogenide vitreous semiconductor system under study can be described in the context of Penn's model.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Spectra of optical parameters in bulk and film amorphous alloys of the Se{sub 95}As{sub 5} system containing samarium (Sm) impurities

Reflectance spectra of bulk and film amorphous alloys of the Se{sub 95}As{sub 5} system containing samarium (Sm) impurities are studied in the energy range of 1-6 eV. Spectral dependences of optical constants and derivatives of optical dielectric functions are calculated by the Kramers-Kronig method. Changes in spectra of optical parameters depending on the content of impurities introduced into Se{sub 95}As{sub 5} and conditions of their preparation are explained based on the cluster model. According to the latter, changes in the electron density of states depends on changes in atomic configurations in clusters, i.e., short-range order changes.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Electron states in single-layer graphene containing short-range defects: The potential separable in the momentum representation

Electron states in single-layer graphene containing short-range defects are studied. A model potential concentrated on a circle and asymmetric with respect to the band number is treated. The study is carried out for the (2 + 1)-dimensional Dirac equation with a potential separable in the angular momentum representation. The characteristic equation derived in the study for bound and resonance states is compared with the equation derived previously for the same system by another method. The momentum representation used in this study provides a means for satisfactorily regularizing the Hadamard-incorrect problem with a singular potential. The method developed here is applied to regularization of the previously derived formulas for the scattering parameters and conductivity in graphene.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗