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At least 1,765 records · Page 98
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Co-sputtering of lithium vanadium oxide thin films with variable lithium content to enable advanced solid-state batteries

Advanced solid-state batteries most likely will entail aggressive structures or architectures with constraints that typically limit processing temperatures. Considering this, we have identified the importance of providing lithiated electrode materials at a modest processing temperature. Here we describe a pathway to meet this by the development of a co-sputtering process using lithium oxide and vanadium oxide targets which enables the growth of lithiated vanadium oxide (LVO) thin films for application in solid-state batteries. Analysis of the structure and film composition of samples deposited with different co-sputtering rate ratios and post-annealing shows that multiple phases of Li x V 2 O 5 likely coexist (i.e. α-, ε-, δ-, and γ-V 2 O 5 ), and that this is unchanged after electrochemical cycling. The co-sputtering process can tune the lithium content up to a highly lithiated state of at least Li 2 V 2 O 5 . Electrochemical half-cells showed a significant amount of lithium available on the first charge (delithiation of LVO). LVO samples post-annealed at 300 °C showed typical redox peaks for Li x V 2 O 5 for both one and two lithium insertion reactions, which were highly reversible in most cases. A thin-film solid-state battery prototype using LVO as a cathode had 20% of the expected capacity, although the coulombic efficiency is near 100% at a fast rate (22C). As a result, this co-sputtering technique represents an opportunity for low temperature synthesis of pre-lithiated cathodes for thin film batteries, and introduces a broader methodology of depositing metal oxides with different alkali metal contents.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Site requirements for inhibition-free CO oxidation over silica-supported bimetallic PdCu alloys

Pd catalysts are highly active for CO oxidation but suffer from inhibition by NO at low temperatures (<150 °C). We posit that incorporation of Cu into the Pd catalyst will improve low-temperature CO oxidation activity and reduce inhibition from competitive adsorbers. To probe this hypothesis, a series of PdCu alloys with different Pd : Cu ratios were synthesized and tested in the temperature-programmed oxidation of CO in the presence and absence of NO. Incorporation of small amounts of Cu into Pd improves the reactivity, as well as the resistance to NO inhibition. Beyond this, Cu incorporation into the Pd has a detrimental effect on the activity for CO oxidation. Based on combined infrared and X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies, here we show that high activity and resistance to inhibition requires alloying of Pd and Cu and the formation of a diverse surface, while surface segregation of Cu results in poor activity and inhibition.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Selective reduction of CO to acetaldehyde with CuAg electrocatalysts

Electrochemical CO reduction can serve as a sequential step in the transformation of CO 2 into multicarbon fuels and chemicals. In this study, we provide insights on how to steer selectivity for CO reduction almost exclusively toward a single multicarbon oxygenate by carefully controlling the catalyst composition and its surrounding reaction conditions. Under alkaline reaction conditions, we demonstrate that planar CuAg electrodes can reduce CO to acetaldehyde with over 50% Faradaic efficiency and over 90% selectivity on a carbon basis at a modest electrode potential of −0.536 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode. The Faradaic efficiency to acetaldehyde was further enhanced to 70% by increasing the roughness factor of the CuAg electrode. Density functional theory calculations indicate that Ag ad-atoms on Cu weaken the binding energy of the reduced acetaldehyde intermediate and inhibit its further reduction to ethanol, demonstrating that the improved selectivity to acetaldehyde is due to the electronic effect from Ag incorporation. These findings will aid in the design of catalysts that are able to guide complex reaction networks and achieve high selectivity for the desired product.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Sensitivity of grassland carbon pools to plant diversity, elevated CO 2 , and soil nitrogen addition over 19 years

Significance The long-term effects of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), high rates of nitrogen deposition, and declining plant biodiversity on ecosystem carbon pools are uncertain and rarely assessed in concert yet represent key feedbacks to global climate change. In a 19-y study in an open-air grassland experiment, increasing planted species richness substantially enhanced ecosystem carbon storage, while elevated CO 2 and nitrogen addition treatments had only modest effects. Effects of the three global changes were largely additive, and stronger effects of species richness compared with CO 2 or nitrogen resulted from large enhancements in plant productivity relative to ecosystem losses. Our results suggest that biodiversity losses may influence carbon storage as much as or more than rising CO 2 or high nitrogen deposition rates.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quantifying co-benefits of water quality policies: An integrated assessment model of land and nitrogen management

Due to the nature of nitrogen cycling, policies designed to address water quality concerns have the potential to provide benefits beyond the targeted water quality improvements. For example, actions to protect water quality by reducing nitrate leaching from agriculture also reduce emissions of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas. These positive effects, which are incidental to the regulation's intended target, are termed “co-benefits.” To quantify the co-benefits associated with reduced nitrate leaching, we integrate an economic model of farmer decision making with a model of terrestrial nitrogen cycling for the watershed surrounding Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, USA. Our modeling approach provides a framework that links air and water pollutants in an agri-environmental system and offers a direction for future studies. Our model results highlight the finding that the co-benefits from nitrous oxide abatement are substantial, and their inclusion increases the benefit–cost ratio of water quality policies. Consideration of these co-benefits has the potential to reverse the conclusions of benefit–cost analysis in the assessment of current water quality policies.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Co-Pyrolysis of Chicken and Cow Manure

Conventional pyrolysis is a relatively simple way for biochar production; however, a single biomass feedstock approach is not promising for the development of multiple properties of biochar used in various applications. Here, this study provides a detailed comparison in terms of pyrolysis kinetics between the cow manure and chicken manure, in addition to the co-pyrolysis by mixing the two livestock at different ratios. Eight different heating rates were tested, 5–40 °C/min with 5 °C/min step, on both livestock using the nitrogen as a gas agent with a flowrate of 50 ml/min. The initial results show that for the slow heating rates, 5 °C/min, the thermal degradation of the cow manure is different compared to that obtained from chicken manure. For the cow manure, the first peak, associated with hemicellulose decomposition, is higher than the second peak, associated with cellulose decomposition, which is the other way around for chicken manure. At 5 °C /min, the hemicellulose decomposition took place at 250 °C and 300 °C for the chicken manure and cow manure, respectively. The cellulose decomposition was started at 300 °C for chicken manure and 470 °C for cow manure. The lowest heat rate was selected for the co-pyrolysis case study to allow a quasi-equilibrium state to avoid measurement errors and heat transfer limitation in terms of thermal lag. Co-pyrolysis is studied with different blend ratios between the chicken and cow manure, where the 40% cow manure shows a positive result in terms of keeping an exothermic reaction over the co-pyrolysis process.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Control Co-Design of Wind Turbines

Wind energy is recognized worldwide as cost-effective and environmentally friendly, and it is among the fastest-growing sources of electrical energy. To further decrease the cost of wind energy, wind turbines are being designed at ever-larger scales. To expand the deployment of wind energy, wind turbines are also being designed on floating platforms for placement in deep-water locations offshore. Both larger-scale and floating wind turbines pose challenges because of their greater structural loads and deflections. Complex, large-scale systems such as modern wind turbines increasingly require a control co-design approach, whereby the system design and control design are performed in a more integrated fashion. This article reviews recent developments in control co-design of wind turbines. We provide an overview of wind turbine design objectives and constraints, issues in the design of key wind turbine components, modeling of the wind turbine and environment, and controller coupling issues. Wind turbine control functions and the integration of control design in co-design are detailed with a focus on co-design compatible control approaches.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on KBa4Au(CO)4 by Materials Project

KBa4Au(CO)4 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two KBa4Au(CO)4 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. K1+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to two equivalent C and four equivalent O2- atoms. Both K–C bond lengths are 2.97 Å. All K–O bond lengths are 2.36 Å. Ba2+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All Ba–O bond lengths are 2.85 Å. Au1- is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All Au–O bond lengths are 2.00 Å. There are two inequivalent C sites. In the first C site, C is bonded in a linear geometry to one K1+ and one C atom. The C–C bond length is 1.27 Å. In the second C site, C is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C atom. O2- is bonded to one K1+, four equivalent Ba2+, and one Au1- atom to form a mixture of distorted edge, face, and corner-sharing OKBa4Au octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Re2Pt(CO)12 by Materials Project

(Re)2Pt(CO)2(CO)10 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of ten formaldehyde molecules, two rhenium molecules, and one Pt(CO)2 cluster. In the Pt(CO)2 cluster, Pt2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two equivalent C+1.33+ atoms. Both Pt–C bond lengths are 1.90 Å. C+1.33+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Pt2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.33+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Os(CO)4 by Materials Project

Os(CO)4 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of twelve Os(CO)4 clusters. In four of the Os(CO)4 clusters, Os2- is bonded in a see-saw-like geometry to four C+2.50+ atoms. There is two shorter (1.91 Å) and two longer (1.96 Å) Os–C bond length. There are four inequivalent C+2.50+ sites. In the first C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the second C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the third C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fourth C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom. In eight of the Os(CO)4 clusters, Os2- is bonded in a see-saw-like geometry to four C+2.50+ atoms. There are a spread of Os–C bond distances ranging from 1.90–1.96 Å. There are four inequivalent C+2.50+ sites. In the first C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the second C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the third C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fourth C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Te2W3(CO)15 by Materials Project

W3Te2(CO)6(CO)9 is Magnesium tetraboride-like structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4_12_12 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of thirty-six formaldehyde molecules and four W3Te2(CO)6 clusters. In each W3Te2(CO)6 cluster, there are two inequivalent W+4.67+ sites. In the first W+4.67+ site, W+4.67+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Te2- atom. The W–Te bond length is 2.83 Å. In the second W+4.67+ site, W+4.67+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Te2- atoms. Both W–Te bond lengths are 3.00 Å. There are three inequivalent C+1.33+ sites. In the first C+1.33+ site, C+1.33+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the second C+1.33+ site, C+1.33+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te2- and one O2- atom. The C–Te bond length is 3.06 Å. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the third C+1.33+ site, C+1.33+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.17 Å. Te2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two W+4.67+, one C+1.33+, one Te2-, and two O2- atoms. The Te–Te bond length is 2.78 Å. There are one shorter (3.42 Å) and one longer (3.81 Å) Te–O bond lengths. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.33+ and one Te2- atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.33+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.33+ and one Te2- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Te2Ru4(CO)11 by Materials Project

(Ru2Te(CO)2)2(CO)7 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pccn space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of twenty-eight formaldehyde molecules and four Ru2Te(CO)2 clusters. In each Ru2Te(CO)2 cluster, there are two inequivalent Ru+3.50+ sites. In the first Ru+3.50+ site, Ru+3.50+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Te2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.74 Å) and one longer (2.76 Å) Ru–Te bond lengths. In the second Ru+3.50+ site, Ru+3.50+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Te2- atoms. Both Ru–Te bond lengths are 2.80 Å. There are two inequivalent C+1.09+ sites. In the first C+1.09+ site, C+1.09+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the second C+1.09+ site, C+1.09+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.17 Å. Te2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Ru+3.50+ and two O2- atoms. There are one shorter (3.54 Å) and one longer (3.81 Å) Te–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.09+ and one Te2- atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.09+ and one Te2- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Fe2Te2Ru2(CO)11 by Materials Project

(RuFeTe(CO)4)2(CO)3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pccn space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of twelve formaldehyde molecules and two RuFeTe(CO)4 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In each RuFeTe(CO)4 sheet, Ru4+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Te2- atoms. Both Ru–Te bond lengths are 2.78 Å. Fe3+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three C+1.09+ and two equivalent Te2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.78 Å) and one longer (1.80 Å) Fe–C bond length. Both Fe–Te bond lengths are 2.61 Å. There are four inequivalent C+1.09+ sites. In the first C+1.09+ site, C+1.09+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Fe3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the second C+1.09+ site, C+1.09+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the third C+1.09+ site, C+1.09+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Fe3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.18 Å. In the fourth C+1.09+ site, C+1.09+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Fe3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. Te2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ru4+, two equivalent Fe3+, and two O2- atoms. There are one shorter (3.51 Å) and one longer (3.82 Å) Te–O bond lengths. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.09+ and one Te2- atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.09+ and one Te2- atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.09+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.09+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Os(CO)4 by Materials Project

Os(CO)4 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight Os(CO)4 clusters. In four of the Os(CO)4 clusters, Os2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four C+2.50+ atoms. There are a spread of Os–C bond distances ranging from 1.91–1.96 Å. There are four inequivalent C+2.50+ sites. In the first C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the second C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.17 Å. In the third C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fourth C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom. In four of the Os(CO)4 clusters, Os2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four C+2.50+ atoms. There are a spread of Os–C bond distances ranging from 1.90–1.96 Å. There are four inequivalent C+2.50+ sites. In the first C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the second C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the third C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fourth C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on H3Ru3Rh(CO)12 by Materials Project

Rh(RuH(CO)3)3(CO)3 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of six formaldehyde molecules, two rhodium molecules, and two RuH(CO)3 clusters. In each RuH(CO)3 cluster, there are three inequivalent Ru+3.33+ sites. In the first Ru+3.33+ site, Ru+3.33+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three C+0.67+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.90 Å) and two longer (1.91 Å) Ru–C bond length. There is one shorter (1.79 Å) and one longer (1.83 Å) Ru–H bond length. In the second Ru+3.33+ site, Ru+3.33+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three C+0.67+ and two H1+ atoms. All Ru–C bond lengths are 1.91 Å. Both Ru–H bond lengths are 1.80 Å. In the third Ru+3.33+ site, Ru+3.33+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three C+0.67+ and two H1+ atoms. All Ru–C bond lengths are 1.91 Å. There is one shorter (1.79 Å) and one longer (1.80 Å) Ru–H bond length. There are nine inequivalent C+0.67+ sites. In the first C+0.67+ site, C+0.67+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru+3.33+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the second C+0.67+ site, C+0.67+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru+3.33+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the third C+0.67+ site, C+0.67+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru+3.33+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fourth C+0.67+ site, C+0.67+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru+3.33+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fifth C+0.67+ site, C+0.67+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru+3.33+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the sixth C+0.67+ site, C+0.67+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru+3.33+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the seventh C+0.67+ site, C+0.67+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru+3.33+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the eighth C+0.67+ site, C+0.67+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru+3.33+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the ninth C+0.67+ site, C+0.67+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru+3.33+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. There are three inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Ru+3.33+ atoms. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Ru+3.33+ atoms. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Ru+3.33+ atoms. There are nine inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.67+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.67+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.67+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.67+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.67+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.67+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.67+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.67+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.67+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on MnPH2(CO)4 by Materials Project

Mn(CO)4PH2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of six phosphine molecules and six Mn(CO)4 clusters. In two of the Mn(CO)4 clusters, Mn2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four C+0.25- atoms. There is two shorter (1.82 Å) and two longer (1.86 Å) Mn–C bond length. There are two inequivalent C+0.25- sites. In the first C+0.25- site, C+0.25- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mn2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the second C+0.25- site, C+0.25- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mn2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.25- atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.25- atom. In four of the Mn(CO)4 clusters, Mn2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four C+0.25- atoms. There are a spread of Mn–C bond distances ranging from 1.82–1.86 Å. There are four inequivalent C+0.25- sites. In the first C+0.25- site, C+0.25- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mn2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the second C+0.25- site, C+0.25- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mn2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the third C+0.25- site, C+0.25- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mn2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fourth C+0.25- site, C+0.25- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mn2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.25- atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.25- atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.25- atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.25- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on MnRe(CO)10 by Materials Project

ReMn(CO)5(CO)5 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of twenty formaldehyde molecules, four rhenium molecules, and four Mn(CO)5 clusters. In each Mn(CO)5 cluster, Mn2+ is bonded in a square pyramidal geometry to five C+1.40+ atoms. There are a spread of Mn–C bond distances ranging from 1.81–1.87 Å. There are five inequivalent C+1.40+ sites. In the first C+1.40+ site, C+1.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mn2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the second C+1.40+ site, C+1.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mn2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the third C+1.40+ site, C+1.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mn2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fourth C+1.40+ site, C+1.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mn2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fifth C+1.40+ site, C+1.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mn2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. There are five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.40+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.40+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.40+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.40+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.40+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Advanced CO 2 Capture Solvent Systems for Dynamic Power Generation

RTI International, in collaboration with Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Carbon Capture Simulation for Industry Impact (CCSI 2 ), Electricity Power Research Institute (EPRI), and West Virginia University (WVU), successfully completed a joint research effort in developing a cost-effective, resilient, load-following advanced CO 2 capture technology for natural gas power plants. The project’s objective was to develop a CO 2 capture process that maximizes the net present value (NPV) of the electricity sale by minimizing the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) under dynamic plant loads and high renewable penetration environments. The two key innovations developed in this project were the use of (i) advanced water-lean solvents (WLSs) and (ii) process intensification equipment, such as a rotating packed bed (RPB) absorber and dual-stage flash regeneration. The process’s low CO 2 capture cost is realized through WLSs’ low energy required for solvent regeneration, which lowers the operating cost while RPBs intensify the absorption process and reduces the power plant capital cost. A suite of advanced computational and simulation packages was implemented to guide the process design, validate the dynamic response of the capture plant, evaluate system-wide performance, and maximize the power plant’s profit. The project also engaged with power producers and other stakeholders to ensure its technical relevance and techno-economic viability. The development of this highly disruptive CO 2 capture technology could accelerate the industry adoption and thereby lower the greenhouse gas emissions of the U.S. power sector. Deployment of this technology can increase the reliability and decrease the cost of electricity generation in the U.S. by enabling the use of low-carbon fossil fuels to balance fluctuations of renewable energy availability.

03 NATURAL GAS↗