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At least 1,747 records · Page 97
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NASA NTRS1982

Astronomical facilities for Spacelab

Three significant Spacelab facilities which are being developed, or planned by NASA will use the 1-2 week observational capability for attached payloads on Shuttle to carry out advanced astronomical observations in the ultraviolet visible, and infrared spectral regions during the decade of the 1980s. The three facilities are expected to evolve in capability over several Shuttle flights with a final objective of protracted observational capability from a permanent facility in space with periodic servicing and/or retrieval. The three facilities are the Office of Space Science package (OSS-3/7), the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT), and the Shuttle Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF). The scientific and technical objectives of these astronomical facilities include both their current and projected capabilities, their use of the manned Shuttle, and their eventual disposition to a long-term facility. International aspects of the missions, including General Investigator programs, are also being planned.

Reeves, E. M.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Project Centaur

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Canada Centre for Space Science, National Research Council of Canada (NRCC), conducted a cooperative sounding rocket campaign in the Canadian Arctic during November/December 1981. The objective of the campaign was to investigate the earth's dayside magnetic cleft region. The project was named CENTAUR for Cleft Energetics Transport and Ultraviolet Radiation. Remote launch support facilities were established at Cape Parry, NWT, Canada (70 deg 10 min N latitude, 124 deg 40 min W longitude). The cleft region is accessible from this location when launched poleward during reasonably quiet magnetic activity. Five large sounding rockets were launched (3 NASA, 2 NRCC). About 30 scientific experiments were launched, and an extensive array of ground based experiments was established at Cape Parry and at Sachs Harbour, Banks Island, 130 miles poleward. This paper discusses the unique organization, planning, facilities, instrumentation, and operation required to support the campaign, and looks briefly at the results.

Brence, W. A.↗
NASA NTRS1982

STS-3, busiest and most successful test mission

A short description of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia's third orbital test flight is presented. Included are discussions of the space science mission, medical and materials processing experiments, as well as the minor problems encountered.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1983

Assessment of the solar-terrestrial data base management system

Members of the space science community used the present MSFC NEEDS network. The design and development of improvements and extension of the NEEDS network were designed and development of improvements and extension of the NEEDS network were discussed.

Horwitz, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Radiometer requirements for Earth-observation systems using large space antennas

Requirements are defined for Earth observation microwave radiometry for the decade of the 1990's by using large space antenna (LSA) systems with apertures in the range from 50 to 200 m. General Earth observation needs, specific measurement requirements, orbit mission guidelines and constraints, and general radiometer requirements are defined. General Earth observation needs are derived from NASA's basic space science program. Specific measurands include soil moisture, sea surface temperature, salinity, water roughness, ice boundaries, and water pollutants. Measurements are required with spatial resolution from 10 to 1 km and with temporal resolution from 3 days to 1 day. The primary orbit altitude and inclination ranges are 450 to 2200 km and 60 to 98 deg, respectively. Contiguous large scale coverage of several land and ocean areas over the globe dictates large (several hundred kilometers) swaths. Radiometer measurements are made in the bandwidth range from 1 to 37 GHz, preferably with dual polarization radiometers with a minimum of 90 percent beam efficiency. Reflector surface, root mean square deviation tolerances are in the wavelength range from 1/30 to 1/100.

Keafer, L. S., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1983

NASA/MSFC FY-83 Atmospheric Processes Research Review

The atmospheric processes research program was reviewed. Research tasks sponsored by the NASA Office of Space Science and Applications, Earth Sciences and Applications Division in the areas of upper atmosphere, global weather, and mesoscale processes are discussed. The are: the research project summaries, together with the agenda and other information about the meeting.

Turner, R. E.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Data and data retrieval in space astronomy

To illustrate the range of storage and retrieval facilities and data products that are involved in space astronomy, the present situation on data from some instruments on the following missions is presented: Small Astronomy Satellite-B, Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 3, High Energy Astrophysics Observatory 2, International Ultraviolet Explorer, Viking Orbiter, and Solar Maximum Mission. In addition, the Coordinated Data Analysis Workshops conducted at the National Space Science Data Center are outlined to demonstrate the usefulness of building a problem-oriented on-line data base from instruments flown on a number of spacecraft and operating from ground-based facilities.

Vette, J. I.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Applications of remote sensing technology to U.S. Water resource management

Applications of Landsat data to assessing the available water supply in the U.S. for agricultural puposes as a program of the NASA Office of Space Science and Applications are described. Snow melt runoff predictions are performed with multitemporal Landsat imagery to measure the extent of mountain snow packs in the Rockies in order to produce stream flow forecast models. The data is used for decisions of which crops to plant, based on irrigation water which will be accessible in eleven western U.S. states. Imagery has tracked the growth of irrigated lands watered from the Ogallala aquifer in the central U.S., and is providing a data base for calculating the aquifer depletion rates. Studies are preceeding in temporally mapping the kinds of vegetation growing in the Suwannee Sound in Florida to monitor the intrusion of salt water, which would reduce the River's usefulness for irrigation. Finally, capabilities of the Thematic Mapper are reviewed.

Weber, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Approaches to environmental verification of STS free-flier and pallet payloads

This paper presents an overview of the environmental verification programs followed on an STS-launched free-flier payload, using the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) as an example, and a pallet payload, using the Office of Space Sciences-1 (OSS-1) as an example. Differences are assessed and rationale given as to why the differing programs were used on the two example payloads. It is concluded that the differences between the programs are due to inherent differences in the payload configuration, their respective mission performance objectives and their operational scenarios rather than to any generic distinctions that differentiate between a free-flier and a pallet payload.

Keegan, W. B.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Studies of beam plasma interactions in a space simulation chamber using prototype Space Shuttle instruments

In March, 1981, electron beam experiments were conducted in a large space simulation chamber using equipment destined to be flown aboard NASA's Office of Space Science-1 pallet (OSS-1). Two major flight experiments were involved. They include the Vehicle Charging and Potential (VCAP) experiment and the Plasma Diagnostics Package (PDP). Apparatus connected with VCAP included a Fast Pulse Electron Gun (FPEG), and a Charge and Current Probe (CCP). A preliminary view is provided of the results obtained when the electron emissions were held steady over relatively long periods of time such that steady state conditions could be obtained with respect to the electron beam interaction with the neutral gases and plasma of the vacuum chamber. Of particular interest was the plasma instability feature known as the Beam Plasma Discharge. For the present experiments the FPEG was used in a dc mode with a range of currents of 2 to 80 mA at a beam energy of 970 eV. Attention is given to the emissions of VLF and HF noise associated with the dc beam.

Banks, P. M.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Monitoring tropical cyclone evolution with NOAA satellite microwave observations

NOAA satellite microwave soundings, which penetrate high clouds, delineate the development and dissipation of the upper tropospheric warm core associated with a tropical cyclone. The storm's 'core" may be detected from microwave imagery. Vertical cross sections reveal the intensification of the upper tropospheric warm core as the storm develops, and the downward propagation of the warm core as the storm dissipates. Excellent correlation is found between the horizontal Laplacian of an upper tropospheric temperature field and the intensity of the storm, as categorized by its surface central pressure and maximum sustained wind speed at the eye wall. The microwave monitoring of tropical cyclones is achieved in real time at the University of Wisconsin's Space Science and Engineering Center through high-speed teleconnections to direct readout receiving systems at Wallops Island, Virginia and Redwood City, California.

Velden, C.↗
NASA NTRS1983

McIDAS III - A modern interactive data access and analysis system

A powerful facility for meteorological analysis called the Man Computer Interactive Data Access System (McIDAS) was designed and implemented in the early 1970's at the Space Science and Engineering Center of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Hardware and software experience gained via extensive use of that facility and its derivatives have led to a newer implementation of McIDAS on a larger computer with significant enhancements to the supporting McIDAS software. McIDAS allows remote and local access to a wide range of data from satellites and conventional observations, time lapse displays of imagery data, overlaid graphics, and current and past meteorological data. Available software allows one to perform analysis of a wide range of digital images as well as temperature and moisture sounding data obtained from satellites. McIDAS can generate multicolor composites of conventional and satellite weather data, radar and forecast data in a wide variety of two- and three-dimensional displays as well as time lapse movies of these analyses. These and other capabilities are described in this paper.

Suomi, V. E.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Advances in cryogenic engineering. Volume 27 - Proceedings of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference, San Diego, CA, August 11-14, 1981

Applications of superconductivity are considered, taking into account MHD and fusion, generators, transformers, transmission lines, magnets for physics, cryogenic techniques, electrtronics, and aspects of magnet stability. Advances related to heat transfer in He I are discussed along with subjects related to theat transfer in He II, refrigeration of superconducting systems, refrigeration and liquefaction, dilution and magnetic refrigerators, refrigerators for space applications, mass transfer and flow phenomena, and the properties of fluids. Developments related to cryogenic applications are also explored, giving attention to bulk storage and transfer of cryogenic fluids, liquefied natural gas operations, space science and technology, and cryopumping. Topics related to cryogenic instrumentation and controls include the production and use of high grade silicon diode temperature sensors, the choice of strain gages for use in a large superconducting alternator, microprocessor control of cryogenic pressure, and instrumentation, data acquisition and reduction for a large spaceborne helium dewar.

Fast, R. W.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Interpretation of HCMM images: A regional study

Potential users of HCMM data, especially those with only a cursory background in thermal remote sensing are familiarized with the kinds of information contained in the images that can be extracted with some reliability solely from inspection of such standard products as those generated at NASA/GSFC and now achieved in the National Space Science Data Center. Visual analysis of photoimagery is prone to various misimpressions and outright errors brought on by unawareness of the influence of physical factors as well as by sometimes misleading tonal patterns introduced during photoprocessing. The quantitative approach, which relies on computer processing of digital HCMM data, field measurements, and integration of rigorous mathematical models, can usually be used to identify, compensate for, or correct the contributions from at least some of the natural factors and those associated with photoprocessing. Color composite, day-IR, night-IR and visible images of California and Nevada are examined.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1983

Research Reports: 1983 NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program

Thirty-five technical reports contain results of investigations in information and electronic systems; materials and processing; systems dynamics; structures and propulsion; and space sciences. Ecology at KSC, satellite de-spin, and the X-ray source monitor were also studied.

Gerald R Karr↗
NASA NTRS1984

User's guide for SBUV/TOMS ozone derivative products

A series of products are available derived from the total-ozone and ozone vertical profile results for the Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet/Total-Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (SBUV/TOMS) Nimbus-7 operation. Products available are (1) orbital height-latitude cross sections of the SBUV profile data, (2) daily global total ozone contours in polar coordinates, (3) daily averages of total ozone in global 5x5 degree latitude-longitude grid, (4) daily, monthly and quarterly averages of total ozone and profile data in 10 degree latitude zones, (5) tabular presentation of zonal means, (6) daily global total ozone and profile contours in polar coordinates. The ""Derivative Products User's Guide'' describes each of these products in detail, including their derivation and presentation format. Information is provided on how to order the tapes and microfilm from the National Space Science Data Center.

Fleig, A. J.↗