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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,747 records · Page 97

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NASA NTRS1971

The strengths of H2O lines in the 8200 A region and their application to high dispersion spectra of Mars.

The improvement in the quality of spectroscopic plates taken in recent years in the search for water vapor in the atmosphere of Mars has dictated the need for improved laboratory data with which to interpret the spectra. This paper presents the results of measurements of the strengths of 41 lines of the 8200 A (211) water vapor band. The measured values show evidence of vibration-rotation interactions on the line intensities, beyond the principal stretching effect.

Farmer, C. B.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Development and evaluation of polyimide laminates for printed wiring board applications

A developmental and evaluation program on polyimide laminates as printed wiring boards is described. The development of an experimental polyimide with low linear coefficient of thermal expansion normal to the plane of the board is discussed, and its properties are evaluated along with two commercial polyimide printed wiring boards for comparison with the type G-10 epoxy board. Thermal cycling data indicate an urgent need for effectively controlling the expansion normal to the plane of the board in order to minimize solder joint damage.

Patterson, W. J.↗

NASA NTRS1972

Apollo 14 visibility tests: Visibility of lunar surface features and lunar landing

An in-flight visibility test conducted on the Apollo 14 mission is discussed. The need for obtaining experimental data on lunar feature visibility arose from visibility problems associated with various aspects of the Apollo missions; and especially from anticipated difficulties of recognizing lunar surface features at the time of descent and landing under certain illumination conditions. Although visibility problems have influenced many other aspects of the Apollo mission, they have been particularly important for descent operations, due to the criticality of this mission phase and the crew's guidance and control role for landing site recognition and touchdown point selection. A series of analytical and photographic studies were conducted during the Apollo program (prior to as well as after the initial manned lunar operations) to delineate constraints imposed on landing operations by visibility limitations. The purpose of the visibility test conducted on Apollo 14 was to obtain data to reduce uncertainties and to extend the analytical models of visibility in the lunar environment.

Ziedman, K.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Planetary entry aerothermodynamics. I - Technology requirements and experimental facilities

Consideration has been given to the entry of vehicles into the atmospheres of all planets with the exception of Pluto and to missions for returning samples to Earth from all the planets (excepting Pluto), the satellites of Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, the Moon, the asteroids, and certain comets. The efficient planning of the space missions including the appropriate design of the spacecraft requires that operational and environmental parameter values for the large range of mission options included be adequately known. The need to obtain the data required as a basis for the computational studies involved makes it necessary to conduct a comprehensive experimental research program. Details concerning the experimental facilities employed in this program are discussed, giving attention to shock tubes, the planetary-entry radiation facility, ballistic ranges, an expansion tube, a hypersonic tetrafluoromethane tunnel, and arcjet facilities.

Olstad, W. B.↗

NASA NTRS1975

STS users study (study 2.2). Volume 1: Executive summary

The space transportation system (STS) and ancillary equipment user studies are presented. Space shuttle data and planning requirements needed by the STS user are discussed along with the potential for common usage of multi-mission support equipment by the military and other aerospace personnel.

Pritchard, E. I.↗

NASA NTRS1976

Correlation between microwave scattering and emission from land and sea at 13.9 GHz

Correlations have been calculated between active and passive microwave responses received by the S-193 radiometer-scatterometer on Skylab. Over both land and sea, the correlations between polarizations are high, but the correlation between radiometer and scatterometer response at 30-deg incidence is negligible. This suggests that multipolarization instruments with this crude resolution (greater than 10 km in all cases) are redundant, but a combination of radiometer and scatterometer is useful. Correlations among the responses at different angles suggest that the five angles used in Skylab are more than would be useful between zero and 48 deg in future instruments, but that instruments with three angles of measurement would be useful. In small areas, conclusions based on these large-data-set averages may need to be modified.

Sobti, A.↗

NASA NTRS1976

Remote measurement of water color

This paper contains a discussion of the requirements and approaches which can be taken in the development of techniques for the analysis of remote multispectral imagery of natural bodies of water. There are two general approaches which can be used in the analysis of multispectral water color data collected by aircraft or satellite remote sensors. With the theoretical modeling approach, optically important constituents of natural waters are mathematically related to the upwelling radiance spectrum received by the remote sensor. With the empirical approach, the relationships are determined empirically by comparing remote sensing data with surface truth data. There are several levels of mathematical sophistication which can be applied to both approaches. The two approaches are discussed in some detail and it is concluded that the two approaches are closely related and should be pursued simultaneously for maximum utilization of the laboratory and field measurement data which will be needed. A set of minimum surface truth measurement parameters and techniques is suggested.

Mccluney, W. R.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Remote sensing applications to Missouri environmental resources information system

An efficient system for retrieval of remotely sensed data to be used by natural resources oriented agencies, and a natural resources data system that can meet the needs of state agencies were studied. To accomplish these objectives, natural resources data sources were identified, and study of systems already in operation which address themselves to the more efficient utilization of natural resources oriented data was prepared.

Myers, R. E.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Integrated study plan for space bioprocessing (phase 1)

Current economic evaluation and analytical techniques are applied to decision problems faced by the space bioprocessing program. NASA decision makers are enabled to choose candidate substances, after ranking them according to their potential economic benefit. The determination of appropriate evaluation techniques necessary to obtain measures of potential economic benefits which result from the pursuit of various space bioprocessing endeavors are focused upon. The treatment of each disease is impacted by a successful outcome of space bioprocessing and specify data and other input needs for each candidate substance.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS1977

Analytic representation of the proton-proton and proton-nucleus cross-sections and its application to the sea-level spectrum and charge ratio of muons

We have calculated the sea-level differential muon momentum spectrum and their charge ratio from 1 GeV/c to 5000 GeV/c, using all of the available accelerator data. We find an excellent agreement between our calculation and the existing experimental data. We see no need, at present, to invoke any change either in the cosmic-ray chemical composition or in the nature of the hadron-nucleus interaction at hadron energies above 1500 GeV.

Badhwar, G. D.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Gravity research at Cottrell observatory

The Cottrell gravity research observatory and work in progress are described. Equipment in place and equipment to be installed, the cryogenic gravity meter (CGM), concrete pads to support the vertical seismometer, CGM, and guest experiments, techniques of data analysis, and improvements needed in the CGM are discussed. Harmonic earth eigenvibrations with multipole moments are examined and their compatibility with a fictitious black hole binary system (of which the primary central mass is assigned a value one million solar masses) located 400 light-years away is shown by calculations.

Tuman, V. S.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Meteorological support for remote sensing programs

Many earth-oriented remote sensing spacecraft and aircraft programs are affected by the presence of clouds. Like aerial photography, they require clear or mostly clear skies. To cope with the cloud problem, the National Weather Service through its Spaceflight Meteorology Group (SMG) of the Space Operations Support Division makes cloud cover forecasts, as part of its specialized weather service for various NASA remote sensing and other programs. Forecasting requirements vary in time from a few hours out to several days and in aerial extent from a particular locality to nearly global in coverage. Depending on the stage of program development, some remote sensing programs may involve special climatological studies for planning purposes or need ground-truth data for comparison with remotely sensed information. The importance of computer and weather satellite products to the SMG meteorologist is discussed and the nature of SMG's weather support of past, present, and future remote sensing programs is described.

Cox, J. L.↗

NASA NTRS1977

The epoch state navigation filter

The formulation of a recursive maximum likelihood navigation system employing reference position and velocity vectors as state variables is presented. Convenient forms of the required variational equations of motion are developed together with an explicit form of the associated state transition matrix needed to refer measurement data from the measurement time to the epoch time. Computational advantages accrue from this design in that the usual forward extrapolation of the covariance matrix of estimation errors can be avoided without incurring unacceptable system errors. Simulation data for earth orbiting satellites are provided to substantiate this assertion.

Battin, R. H.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Silicon materials outlook study for 1980-1985 calendar years

The polycrystalline silicon industry was studied in relation to future market needs. Analysis of the data obtained indicates that there is a high probability of polycrystalline silicon shortage by the end of 1982 and a strong seller's market after 1981 which will foster price competition for available silicon.

Costogue, E.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Econometric models for predicting confusion crop ratios

Results for both the United States and Canada show that econometric models can provide estimates of confusion crop ratios that are more accurate than historical ratios. Whether these models can support the LACIE 90/90 accuracy criterion is uncertain. In the United States, experimenting with additional model formulations could provide improved methods models in some CRD's, particularly in winter wheat. Improved models may also be possible for the Canadian CD's. The more aggressive province/state models outperformed individual CD/CRD models. This result was expected partly because acreage statistics are based on sampling procedures, and the sampling precision declines from the province/state to the CD/CRD level. Declining sampling precision and the need to substitute province/state data for the CD/CRD data introduced measurement error into the CD/CRD models.

Umberger, D. E.↗

NASA NTRS1980

The dynamic F2-layer over Arecibo

The idealized 'servo' model of the ionospheric F2-layer of Rishbeth et al. (1978) is used to simulate the observed behavior of the daytime Fe-peak at Arecibo at sunspot minimum. The meridional pressure-gradient force associated with the meridional neutral-air wind is determined empirically. The local time variation during the day is found to be consistent with the semidiurnal variation given by the MSIS atmospheric model of Hedin et al. (1977). The values of the F2-layer loss and diffusion coefficients needed to match the data are broadly consistent with the MSIS model.

Ganguly, S.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Application of remote sensing for California irrigated lands assessment

Recognizing the need for land use data as an input to State water planning, the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) and its predecessor agencies have conducted land use surveys since the late 1940's. In 1957 the California Water Plan was established. A statewide assessment is compiled every four to five years to review overall water resource conditions. Satellite remote sensing imagery, such as available from Landsat, has been recognized by DWR as a potential source of land use data. Analysis of Landsat imagery in connection with 'calibrating' data from low altitude photography and/or field checks can provide an economical means for providing a large scale, single year base inventory of general land use. The purpose of the Applications Pilot Test is to develop and document the use of Landsat for such an inventory. Towards the overall goal of developing an operational methodology that DWR could cost effectively implement four tasks have been specified.

Tinney, L.↗

NASA NTRS1981

On matching the systems identification technique to the particular application

Several maximum likelihood and multiple regression parameter estimation programs are currently being used at the Langley Research Center of the NASA to analyze aircraft flight test data. Based on this wealth of experience, the pertinent features of these programs are investigated and some of the difficulties involved in their use are discussed. By comparing computational time, data requirements and accuracy needed, a strategy for determining which program can be used to the best advantage of the flight test engineer is discussed.

Suit, W. T.↗