SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “data consistent”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,747 records · Page 97

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS2018

The Land Surface Data Toolkit (LDT v7.2) - A Data Fusion Environment for Land Data Assimilation Systems

The effective applications of land surface models (LSMs) and hydrologic models pose a varied set of data input and processing needs, ranging from ensuring consistency checks to more derived data processing and analytics. This article describes the development of the Land surface Data Toolkit (LDT), which is an integrated framework designed specifically for processing input data to execute LSMs and hydrological models. LDT not only serves as a preprocessor to the NASA Land Information System (LIS), which is an integrated framework designed for multi-model LSM simulations and data assimilation (DA) integrations, but also as a land-surface-based observation and DA input processor. It offers a variety of user options and inputs to processing datasets for use within LIS and stand-alone models. The LDT design facilitates the use of common data formats and conventions. LDT is also capable of processing LSM initial conditions and meteorological boundary conditions and ensuring data quality for inputs to LSMs and DA routines. The machine learning layer in LDT facilitates the use of modern data science algorithms for developing data-driven predictive models. Through the use of an object-oriented framework design, LDT provides extensible features for the continued development of support for different types of observational datasets and data analytics algorithms to aid land surface modeling and data assimilation.

droughts and floods↗

NASA NTRS2018

Evolution of H2O Production in Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) as Inferred from Forbidden Oxygen and OH Emission

We present H2O production rates for comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) derived from observations of [O I] and OH emission during its inbound leg, covering a heliocentric distance range of 1.8–0.44 AU. Our production rates are in agreement with previous measurements using a variety of instruments and techniques and with data from the various observatories greatly differing in their projected fields of view. The consistent results across all data suggest the absence of an extended source of H2O production, for example sublimation of icy grains in the coma, or a source with spatial extent confined to the dimensions of the smallest projected field of view (in this case < 1000 km). We find that ISON had an active area of around 10 sq km for heliocentric distances Rh > 1.2 AU, which then decreased to about half this value from Rh = 1.2–0.9 AU. This was followed by a rapid increase in active area at about Rh = 0.6 AU, corresponding to the first of three major outbursts ISON experienced inside of 1 AU. The combination of a detected outburst in the light curve and rapid increase in active area likely indicates a major nucleus fragmentation event. The 5–10 sq km active area observed outside of Rh = 0.6 AU is consistent with a 50–100% active fraction for the nucleus, larger than typically observed for cometary nuclei. Although the absolute value of the active area is somewhat dependent on the thermal model employed, the changes in active area observed are consistent among models. The conclusion of a 50–100+% active fraction is robust for realistic thermal models of the nucleus. However the possibility of a contribution of a spatially unresolved distribution of icy grains cannot be discounted. As our [OI]-derived H2O production rates are consistent with values derived using other methods, we conclude that the contribution of O2 photodissociation to the observed [O I] emission is at most 5–10% that of the contribution of H2O for ISON. This is consistent with the expected contribution of O2 photodissociation if O2/H2O ∼ 4%, meaning [O I] emission can still be utilized as a reliable proxy for H2O production in comets as long as O2/H2O ≲ 4%, similar to the abundance measured by the ROSINA instrument on Rosetta at comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko.

Coma↗

NASA NTRS1981

A multiband radiometer and data acquisition system for remote sensing field research

Specifications are described for a recently developed prototype multispectral data acquisition system which consists of multiband radiometer with 8 bands between 0.4 and 12.5 micrometers and a data recording module to record data from the radometer and ancillary sources. The systems is adaptable to helicopter, truck, or tripod platforms, as well as hand-held operation. The general characteristics are: (1) comparatively inexpensive to acquire, maintain and operate; (2) simple to operate and calibrate; (3) complete with data hardware and software; and (4) well documented for use by researchers. The instrument system is to be commercially available and can be utilized by many researchers to obtain large numbers of accurate, calibrated spectral measurements. It can be a key element in improving and advancing the capability for field research in remote sensing.

Bauer, M. E.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Ocean color observations of phytoplankton distributions and primary productivity

The primary goal of this activity is to develop the means to assess the mean and variability of phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity on global scales. There are three major approaches whose goals are to provide global scale observations. These are processing and analysis of the complete CZCS data set in a consistent manner; preparing science mission and project implementation plans for the SeaWiFS sensor to be launched on LANDSAT 6 in 1991; and providing guidance to EOS flight projects for ocean color observations using the MODIS sensor planned for the Polar Platform in the mid 1990's. This processing presents the first consistent view of phytoplankton pigments on global scales, and analysis of this temporally undersampled data set is proving very instructive in specifying mission requirements for SeaWiFS and future algorithm development.

Esaias, W.↗

NASA NTRS1988

A possible explanation for the inconsistency between the Giotto grain mass distribution and ground-based observations

Giotto measured the in situ Halley dust grain mass distribution with 2 instruments, Particle Impact Analyzer and Dust Impact Detection System (DIDSY), as well as the total intercepted mass from the deceleration of the spacecraft (Giotto Radio-Science Experiment, GRE). Ground based observations made shortly before encounter have fluxes much higher than would be predicted from Giotto data. It is concluded that Giotto DIDSY and GRE data represent observations of dust originating from a narrow track along the nucleus. They are consistent with ground based data, if assumptions are made about the level of activity along this track. The actual size distribution that should be used for modeling of the whole coma should not include the large mass excess actually observed by Giotto. Extrapolation of the small grain data should be used, since for these grains the velocity dispersion is low and temporal changes at the nucleus would not affect the shape of the mass distribution.

Perry, C. H.↗

NASA NTRS1993

Design and implementation considerations of a MSAT packet data network

The Mobile Data System, which is intended to provide for packet switched data services is currently under development. The system is based on a star network topology consisting of a centralized Data Hub (DH) serving a large number of mobile terminals. Through the Data Hub, end-to-end connections can be established between terrestrial users on public or private data networks and mobile users. The MDS network will be capable of offering a variety of services some of which are based on the standard X.25 network interface protocol, and others optimized for short messages and broadcast messages. A description of these services and the trade-offs in the DH design are presented.

Karam, Fouad G.↗

NASA NTRS2016

The Kepler Science Data Processing Pipeline Source Code Road Map

We give an overview of the operational concepts and architecture of the Kepler Science Processing Pipeline. Designed, developed, operated, and maintained by the Kepler Science Operations Center (SOC) at NASA Ames Research Center, the Science Processing Pipeline is a central element of the Kepler Ground Data System. The SOC consists of an office at Ames Research Center, software development and operations departments, and a data center which hosts the computers required to perform data analysis. The SOC's charter is to analyze stellar photometric data from the Kepler spacecraft and report results to the Kepler Science Office for further analysis. We describe how this is accomplished via the Kepler Science Processing Pipeline, including, the software algorithms. We present the high-performance, parallel computing software modules of the pipeline that perform transit photometry, pixel-level calibration, systematic error correction, attitude determination, stellar target management, and instrument characterization.

Kepler pipeline software↗

NASA NTRS2003

Potential Refinement of the ICRF

The analysis and data used for the ICRF represented the state of the art in global, extragalactic, X/S band microwave astrometry in 1995. The same general analysis method was used to extend the ICRF with subsequent VLBI data in a manner consistent with the original catalog. Since 1995 there have been considerable advances in the geodetic/astrometric VLBI data set and in the analysis that would significantly improve the systematic errors, stability, and density of the next realization of the ICRS when the decision is made to take this step. In particular, data acquired since 1990, including extensive use of the VLBA, are of higher quality and astrometric utility because of changes in instrumentation, schedule design, and networks as well as specifically astrometric intent. The IVS (International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry) continues to devote a portion of its observing capability to systematic extension of the astrometric data set. Sufficient data distribution exists to select a better set of defining sources. Improvements in troposphere modeling will minimize known systematic astrometric errors while accurate modeling and estimation of station effects from loading and nonlinear motions will permit the reintegration of the celestial reference frame, terrestrial reference frame and Earth orientation parameters though a single VLBI solution. The differences between the current ICRF and the potential next realization will be described.

Ma, Chopo↗

NASA NTRS2010

Ar-Ar Studies of Lherzolitic Shergottites Yamato 000097 and 984028

The approx.170 Ma age of the rock(s) is (likely) preserved in minor phases of high K content. Terrestrial Ar appears to have a nearly ubiquitous presence in the gas release, and mixes with Martian Ar in variable proportions. The intermediate temperature release of the plag separate shows an apparently higher approx.270 Ma age, and suggests the presence of terrestrial Ar that "torques" the correlation to a steeper slope than for 170 Ma. The intermediate temperature data of the pyroxene is consistent with a "young" age (either approx.170 to approx.270 Ma) and mostly Martian trapped Ar. The low temperature (needs checking) data also are essentially consistent with the approx.170 Ma age, but an intercept near the terrestrial value is suspicious. Would not have had terrestrial Ar on Mars, so this is more likely a mixing line. Admixtures of terrestrial Ar in the pyroxene extractions seems pervasive, but can t explain the variation in 39/36 along the intermediate temp. "isochron".

Park, J.↗

NASA NTRS2018

Automated Pneumothorax Diagnosis using Deep Neural Networks

Thoracic ultrasound can provide information leading to rapid diagnosis of pneumothorax with improved accuracy over the standard physical examination and with higher sensitivity than anteroposterior chest radiography. However, the clinical We have Furthermore, remote environments, such as the battlefield or deep-space exploration, may lack expertise for diagnosing developed an automated image interpretation pipeline for the analysis of thoracic ultrasound data and the classification of pneumothorax events to provide decision support in such situations. Our pipeline consists of image preprocessing, data augmentation, and deep learning architectures for medical diagnosis. In this work, we demonstrate that robust, accurate interpretation of chest images and video can be achieved using deep neural networks. A number of novel image processing techniques were employed to achieve this result. Affine transformations were applied for data augmentation. Hyperparameters were optimized for learning rate, dropout regularization, batch size, and epoch iteration by a sequential model-based Bayesian approach. In addition, we utilized pretrained architecturesinterpretation of a patient medical image is highly operator dependent. certain pathologies., applying transfer learning and fine-tuning techniques to fully connected layers. Our pipeline yielded binary classification validation accuracies of 98.3% for M-mode images and 99.8% with B-mode video frames.

US Army collaboration↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

"Giovanni at 20: Consistency and Persistency in Making Earth Remote Sensing Data Available (and Useful) to the Earth Science Community"

Since its creation in the year 2000, the NASA Geospatial Interactive Online Visualization ANd aNalysis Infrastructure (Giovanni) has been an exemplar of how to provide remotely-sensed satellite data and related Earth science datasets to a broad and globally diverse researcher community. One of the hallmarks of Giovanni system usage is that it is common to see practitioners of many branches of science – particularly those in fields not traditionally associated with remote-sensing data, such as animal behavior and paleooceanography – both accessing and employing datasets which the system provides. This usage pattern is attested to by the diversity of published science citing Giovanni. Giovanni has evolved through several versions, each of which increased analytical and visualization options while also enhancing ease-of-use. Information resources supporting Giovanni from the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), which hosts the system, start with basic mapping and plotting functions and extend to “How-to” recipes demonstrating interusability with other data analysis systems and software. Giovanni is now being developed for use in a cloud environment, potentially expanding datasets the system can be applied to, and also improving performance for data having high spatial and temporal resolution. This presentation covers the system’s historical success with interesting examples of Giovanni-citing research, and will apply its current capabilities to a multi-dataset examination of derecho events associated with mesoscale convective phenomena in the summer of 2020, indicating how Giovanni is prepared for ongoing support of Earth science in a changing world.

Giovanni Derecho visualization↗

NASA NTRS2024

QSF18 Nonresponse Follow-up Reminders Survey Data Supplemental File

This minimal data set contains anonymized study subject identifier (PARTICIPANT_ID) and non-response follow up type (group) from the single events surveys conducted during the Quiet Supersonic Flights 2018 risk reduction study in Galveston, Texas, in November 2018. Nonresponse follow up groups and procedures are defined and discussed in Page et al. 2020, Section 6.2 (NASA/CR-2020-220589/Volume I). The data cleaning conventions are consistent with the assumptions of Lee et al. in the treatment of the single events survey data (Lee, Rathsam, Wilson (2020). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 147, doi: 10.1121/10.0001021). Filename: reminder_groups.csv Dimensions: 371 rows by 2 columns. Variables: PARTICIPANT_ID, group PARTICPANT_ID: numeric (integer, six digits) group: character string taking one of four values ('Email - No Reminder'; 'Email - Reminder'; 'Text - No Reminder'; 'Text - Reminder').

sample survey↗

NASA NTRS2020

Comparison of the MODIS and VIIRS Thermal Emissive Band Radiometric Calibration

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) are major instruments for Earth science observations.Nearly 40 MODIS scientific products and a wide range of VIIRS environmental data records are produced using their global observations. The consistency of the MODIS and VIIRS calibrated data is important for the study of Earth science. This article assesses the calibration consistency of the Aqua MODIS and VIIRS thermal emissive band (TEB) data. To remove the impact of the mismatched relative spectral response (RSR) on the comparisons, the simultaneous nadir observation data from the cross-track infrared sounder (CrIS) and the infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI) are used as references in two different methods to independently verify the consistency. The comparisons of the MODIS and VIIRS TEB calibrated data show that the brightness temperature (BT) differences for comparable bands between MODIS and VIIRS are in general within 0.2 K for BT larger than 230 K. The differences of all comparable MODIS and VIIRS TEBs are consistent over time. MODIS measurements agree better with N20 VIIRS than with Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) VIIRS. The S-NPP VIIRS measurements are higher than N20 VIIRS, within 0.1 Kfor long-wave infrared (LWIR) bands and 0.3 K for band M13.

Calibration↗

NASA NTRS1977

Communications Link Characterization Experiment (CLCE)

Results of the data which were acquired, reduced, and analyzed from the Communications Link Characterization Experiment (CLCE) while utilizing the CTS satellite are presented. The test data obtained from the stations consisted of the results of various TV tests, attenuation and rain rate data. An additional meteorological parameter was measured and it consists of the back scatter returns of the multifrequency weather radar.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS1981

Volcanism on Mars

In situ chemical analyses of Martian soil by the Viking lander indicate mafic to ultramafic source rocks, consistent with both remote sensing data indicating the presence of pyroxene and olivine and with petrologic modeling which suggests that Martian lavas are iron-rich and ultramafic. Photogeological analysis of the Martian surface reveals two types of volcanic morphology: (1) central volcanoes, developed by continued and prolonged eruption from a point source vent; and (2) volcanic plains, recognized by mare ridges and flow lobes. When these volcanic morphologies are combined with relative age data, a volcanic history may be derived that is consistent with a moonlike thermal history involving a lithosphere of increasing thickness with time which gradually suppresses the volcanism.

Greely, R.↗

NASA NTRS2015

Curating Virtual Data Collections

NASAs Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) contains a rich set of datasets and related services throughout its many elements. As a result, locating all the EOSDIS data and related resources relevant to particular science theme can be daunting. This is largely because EOSDIS data's organizing principle is affected more by the way they are produced than around the expected end use. Virtual collections oriented around science themes can overcome this by presenting collections of data and related resources that are organized around the user's interest, not around the way the data were produced. Virtual collections consist of annotated web addresses (URLs) that point to data and related resource addresses, thus avoiding the need to copy all of the relevant data to a single place. These URL addresses can be consumed by a variety of clients, ranging from basic URL downloaders (wget, curl) and web browsers to sophisticated data analysis programs such as the Integrated Data Viewer.

data integration↗

NASA NTRS2020

Near 40 Years MERRA-2 Data at NASA GES DISC -Opportunity and Challenge to Support Extremes Study

To the end of 2019, 40 years NASA climate reanalysis data sets from the Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) will be available at NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC). MERRA-2 consists atmosphere, land, and ocean data, which may be used for the studies ranging from the short scale weather events to the large scale decadal vulnerabilities. The hourly products, such as precipitation, soil moisture, temperature, and aerosols etc., have been used widely to study extreme events.In supporting users from broad communities, GES DISC have developed various data access services, including subsetter for downloading only data of interest with preferred format; OPeNDAP - for machine-to-machine data access; and Giovanni- for online visualization and analysis, etc. A big challenge for extreme study is to downloading and processing long-term hourly or daily data. The data downloading performance is not very satisfied by many users with current services and the native archived data structure. Late June 2019, many people in Europe had experienced extreme heat waves. The temperatures in several countries exceeded 40°C (104°F). For example, MERRA-2 shows that the near surface daily maximum temperature of June 28 2019 over Marseille, a city in southern France, reached 41.1 °C (106°F), which is the record breaking temperature in the last 40 years. GES DISC is working together with domain science experts to improve the performance of long time series access, making analysis ready data sets in supporting application researches, such as extreme study. In this presentation, using Europe heat wave as an example, we will show prototype of the in developing service for finding extremes from near 40 years MERRA-2 data at a given location. MERRA-2 data can be accessed from NASA GES DISC(https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ) by search keyword "MERRA-2".

Shen, Suhung↗

NASA NTRS1976

Preliminary report on airline pilot scan patterns during simulated ILS approach

A series of ILS approaches using seven airline-rated Boeing 737 pilots in an FAA qualified simulator have been conducted. The test matrix included both manual and coupled approaches with and without atmospheric turbulence in Category II weather. A nonintrusive oculometer system was used to track the pilot's eye-point-of-regard throughout the approach. The results indicate that, in general, the pilots use a different scan technique for the manual and coupled conditions; however, the introduction of atmospheric turbulence does not greatly affect the scan behavior in either case. A comparison is made between the objective measures of the instrument scan (oculometer data) and the pilots' opinions of their instrument use. The data show a high degree of consistency among pilots for both the quantitative data and the qualitative data (pilots' opinions). However, there is a slightly lower agreement between the quantitative and qualitative measures.

Spady, A. A., Jr.↗