SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “User interface”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,747 records · Page 97

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2014

Reservoir Temperature Estimator

The Reservoir Temperature Estimator (RTEst) is a program that can be used to estimate deep geothermal reservoir temperature and chemical parameters such as CO2 fugacity based on the water chemistry of shallower, cooler reservoir fluids. This code uses the plugin features provided in The Geochemist's Workbench (Bethke and Yeakel, 2011) and interfaces with the model-independent parameter estimation code Pest (Doherty, 2005) to provide for optimization of the estimated parameters based on the minimization of the weighted sum of squares of a set of saturation indexes from a user-provided mineral assemblage.

Palmer, CarlD.↗

DOE OSTI2025

kokkos-fft: A shared-memory FFT for the Kokkos ecosystem

kokkos-fft provides a unified, performance-portable interface for Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs) within the Kokkos ecosystem (C. Trott et al., 2021). It seamlessly integrates with leading local FFT libraries including FFTW, cuFFT, rocFFT, and oneMKL. Designed for simplicity and efficiency, kokkos-fft offers a user experience akin to numpy.fft for in-place and out-of-place transforms, while leveraging the raw speed of vendor-optimized libraries. A demonstration solving 2D Hasegawa-Wakatani turbulence with the Fourier spectral method illustrates how kokkos-fft can deliver significant speedups over Python-based alternatives without drastically increasing code complexity, empowering researchers to perform high-performance FFTs simply and effectively.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2016

Three-dimensional atomic force microscopy mapping at the solid-liquid interface with fast and flexible data acquisition

We present the implementation of a three-dimensional mapping routine for probing solid-liquid interfaces using frequency modulation atomic force microscopy. Our implementation enables fast and flexible data acquisition of up to 20 channels simultaneously. The acquired data can be directly synchronized with commercial atomic force microscope controllers, making our routine easily extendable for related techniques that require additional data channels, e.g., Kelvin probe force microscopy. Moreover, the closest approach of the tip to the sample is limited by a user-defined threshold, providing the possibility to prevent potential damage to the tip. The performance of our setup is demonstrated by visualizing the hydration structure above the calcite (10.4) surface in water.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

DOE OSTI2018

DESCQA: An Automated Validation Framework for Synthetic Sky Catalogs

The use of high-quality simulated sky catalogs is essential for the success of cosmological surveys. The catalogs have diverse applications, such as investigating signatures of fundamental physics in cosmological observables, understanding the effect of systematic uncertainties on measured signals and testing mitigation strategies for reducing these uncertainties, aiding analysis pipeline development and testing, and survey strategy optimization. The list of applications is growing with improvements in the quality of the catalogs and the details that they can provide. Given the importance of simulated catalogs, it is critical to provide rigorous validation protocols that enable both catalog providers and users to assess the quality of the catalogs in a straightforward and comprehensive way. For this purpose, we have developed the DESCQA framework for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Dark Energy Science Collaboration as well as for the broader community. The goal of DESCQA is to enable the inspection, validation, and comparison of an inhomogeneous set of synthetic catalogs via the provision of a common interface within an automated framework. Here in this paper, we present the design concept and first implementation of DESCQA. In order to establish and demonstrate its full functionality we use a set of interim catalogs and validation tests. We highlight several important aspects, both technical and scientific, that require thoughtful consideration when designing a validation framework, including validation metrics and how these metrics impose requirements on the synthetic sky catalogs.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2019

Experimental Assessment of a Novel Touchless Interface for Intraprocedural Imaging Review

Purpose: To examine the feasibility of a novel technology platform that enables real-time touchless interaction with radiology images in both a simulated and an actual clinical setting. Materials and Methods: This platform offers three different modes for image interaction. The gesture recognition mode uses a depth camera to detect the user’s hand gestures which are translated to image manipulation commands. The light projection mode uses the same camera to detect finger point-and-tap movements above the icons which are projected on a surface to activate the commands. The capacitive sensing mode is enabled by a handheld, portable device, over which finger movements are detected by capacitive sensors to control the image review. Following initial feedback, light projection and capacitive sensing modes were selected for further testing by comparing with the conventional mode of image interaction in time trials for performing a series of standardized image manipulation tasks. Finally, the usability of the technology platform was examined in actual clinical procedures. Results: The light projection and the capacitive sensing modes were evaluated in the time trials and exhibited 60% and 71% reduction in time, respectively, relative to the control mode (p < 0.001). Clinical feasibility for this platform was demonstrated in three actual interventional radiology cases. Conclusion: Accessing, navigating, and extracting relevant information from patient images intraprocedurally are cumbersome and time-consuming tasks that affect safety, efficiency, and decision-making during image-guided procedures. This study demonstrated that the novel technology addressed this issue by allowing touchless interaction with these images in the sterile field.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗

DOE OSTI2013

Synchrotron Radiation Workshop (SRW)

"Synchrotron Radiation Workshop" (SRW) is a physical optics computer code for calculation of detailed characteristics of Synchrotron Radiation (SR) generated by relativistic electrons in magnetic fields of arbitrary configuration and for simulation of the radiation wavefront propagation through optical systems of beamlines. Frequency-domain near-field methods are used for the SR calculation, and the Fourier-optics based approach is generally used for the wavefront propagation simulation. The code enables both fully- and partially-coherent radiation propagation simulations in steady-state and in frequency-/time-dependent regimes. With these features, the code has already proven its utility for a large number of applications in infrared, UV, soft and hard X-ray spectral range, in such important areas as analysis of spectral performances of new synchrotron radiation sources, optimization of user beamlines, development of new optical elements, source and beamline diagnostics, and even complete simulation of SR based experiments. Besides the SR applications, the code can be efficiently used for various simulations involving conventional lasers and other sources. SRW versions interfaced to Python and to IGOR Pro (WaveMetrics), as well as cross-platform library with C API, are available.

Chubar, O.↗

DOE OSTI2024

Mnemosyne

SAND2024-08570O Mnemosyne is an interactive tool for finding, retrieving, and exploring information about U.S. nuclear tests documented in the National Nuclear Security Administration’s NV-209 report. It also acts as an information architecture and codebase for integrating additional information and computational tools related to these tests at the unclassified and classified levels. Users can search by any number of nuclear test attributes—name, yield range, altitude ranges, purpose of a test—and find all matching tests. Users can also retrieve specific test information published in NV-209. The tool displays geospatial and topological data about test location, and it provides an information architecture for storing additional contextual material, such as photographs. Mnemosyne provides a capability of interfacing with HYCHEM, Sandia's nuclear detonation optical waveform tool. The software is designed for use by government, academia, military, and research institutions. The software will likely be advanced to integrate seismic data and the nuclear detonation optical signal simulation code radCTH. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.

Fisher, Dustin↗

DOE OSTI2018

Development of a Library for Conducting Monte Carlo Tallies on Heterogeneous Systems

A library is introduced that enables users to conduct Monte Carlo tallies on heterogeneous computing systems. The library can be built with or linked to a Monte Carlo transport code to provide tally capabilities for the project. The library provides a set of tools and an interface for constructing tallies that can be computed on CPUs or GPUs regardless of where the sample data was generated. The library can be incorporated into existing Monte Carlo transport codes at both the research and production level with minimal intrusion into the transport code. The tally library is capable of computing a variety of tallies including track-length histogram (mesh) tallies, collisionbased kernel density estimators, functional expansion tallies, eigenvalue sensitivity coefficients via iterated fission probability, and sensitivities of reaction rates or adjoint-weighted quantities via differential operator sampling. The parallelization methods are discussed and speedups are shown for 2-D and 3-D problems with comparisons to both the tally library CPU implementations as well as the tally capabilities in the host transport code. Performance results and examples are shown for MCNP, MCATK, and OpenMC.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2025

Demonstration of Optimal Benchmark Selection Website and Validation of the q c Coverage Metric Using HEU-SOL-THERM-013-003 Experiment

In the work documented in this interim report, the experiment selection toolkit web site was demonstrated and q C coverage metric methodology was validated for IEU-MET-FAST-002-001, MIX-COMP-THERM 004-004, and HEU-SOL-THERM-013-003 experiments. 𝑞 𝐶 is an information-theoretic measure based on mutual information that quantifies the ability of candidate benchmark experiments to reduce the bias and uncertainty of a target criticality safety application. The metric and an accompanying open-source Python toolkit with a web-based interface were tested against a benchmark set of 425 experiments drawn from the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project Handbook. The interface is hosted at https://edim.covdef.com. It accepts sensitivity data files produced by the TSUNAMI-IP module of the SCALE code system and supports both (i) deterministic analysis using the ENDF/B-VII.0 covariance library and (ii) stochastic analysis based on user-supplied keff samples. Demonstrations on representative applications across a range of material composition, spectrum, and form show that q C -guided benchmark selection achieves greater uncertainty reduction with fewer experiments and yields more stable posterior bias and uncertainty estimates than traditional similarity coefficient ( c k )–based selection, while also capturing valuable low-ck experiments that one-to-one metrics overlook.

Abdel-khalik, Hany S. [Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. ↗

DOE OSTI2013

Synchrotron Radiation Workshop (SRW)

Chubar, O.↗

DOE OSTI2018

Remotely Teleoperating a Humanoid Robot to Perform Fine Motor Tasks with Virtual Reality - 18446

In this paper, we describe our ongoing work to develop cooperative control of NASA's R5 Valkyrie humanoid robot for performing dexterous manipulation tasks inside gloveboxes commonly found in many nuclear facilities. These tasks can be physically demanding and provide some element of risk to the operator when done by a person in situ. For example, if a glove is ruptured, the operator could be exposed to radioactive material. In many cases, the operator has low visibility and is unable to reach the entire task space, requiring the use of additional tools located inside the glovebox. Such tasks include cleaning particulate from inside the glovebox via sweeping or vacuuming, separating a specific amount of a compound to be weighed on a scale, or grasping and manipulating objects inside the glovebox. There is potential to move the operator to a nearby, safe location and instead place a humanoid robot in the potentially hazardous environment. However, teleoperating a humanoid robot to perform dexterous tasks at a comparable level to a human hand remains a difficult problem. Previous work for controlling humanoid robots often involves one or more operators using a standard 2D display with a mouse and keyboard as controllers. Successful interfaces use sensor fusion to provide information to the operator for increased situation awareness, but these designs have limitations. Gaining proper situation awareness by visualizing 3D information on a 2D screen requires time and increases the cognitive load on the user. Instead, if the operator is able to visualize and control the robot properly in three dimensions, it can increase situation and task awareness, reduce task time, reduce the chance of mistakes, and increase the likelihood of overall task success. We propose a two-part system that combines an HTC Vive virtual reality headset with either the Vive handheld controllers, or the Manus VR wearable gloves as the primary control. The operator wears the headset in a remote location and can visualize a reconstruction of the glovebox, created live by sensor scans from the robot and with sensors located inside the glovebox for a perspective traditionally unavailable to operators. By using the controllers or gloves to control the humanoid robots hands directly, they can plan actions in the virtual reconstruction. When the operator is satisfied with the plan, the actions are sent to the real robot. To test this system we have created a mockup of a glovebox that is accessible by Valkyrie, as well as several tasks that are a subsample of the tasks that might be required when working in a real glovebox. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2016

Cylindrical Kernel Density Estimators For Monte Carlo Neutron Transport Reactor Physics Problems

Kernel Density Estimators (KDEs) have been investigated as an alternative to histogram tallies in Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations for capturing spatially-resolved quantities such as scalar flux and reaction rate densities. KDEs are non-parametric estimators that show potential for producing smooth estimates of quantities of interest with reduced variance compared to traditional histogram tallies. Furthermore, KDEs obtain estimates of the underlying distribution at user-defined points without requiring an underlying mesh, thus making KDEs an attractive potential alternative to histogram tallies. Recent work has introduced the Mean Free Path based KDE (MFP KDE) in order to capture distributions with large curvature at material interfaces, e.g. absorption reaction rates in UO{sub 2} fuel in light water reactors. However, the multivariate MFP KDE produces inaccuracies in the form of localized spikes in problems with material cross sections that contain large resonances. Since the MFP KDE works well in one dimension, it is hypothesized that a different MFP KDE formulation where the normalization coefficient only contains one factor of the cross section would be able to capture these distributions with large curvature without producing spikes in the estimate. This can be accomplished by using a cylindrical KDE whose 2-D support area is wedge-shaped and applying the MFP KDE to the radial component of the cylindrical KDE. These cylindrical KDEs use 2-D (r,θ) cylindrical coordinates with no dependence in axial dimension z. This paper derives the cylindrical KDE and the cylindrical MFP KDE and tests them on a reactor physics pin-cell benchmark problem, producing accurate estimates of flux and reaction rate densities with differences less than 0.5% when compared to a reference histogram. (authors)

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2024

The Design and Evaluation of Zero Trust Architecture for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure: EVs @ Scale Series on EV Charging Station Cybersecurity

Implementing a zero trust architecture can significantly bolster the security of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. EV charging infrastructure includes numerous networked interfaces, each of which can present potential vulnerabilities. When these vulnerabilities are exploited, they can compromise the entire system, leading to severe operational and security risks. Zero trust is a security model that operates on the principle of "never trust, always verify," which helps manage the attack surface and limit the scope of any potential compromises. Fundamentally, this model ensures that no entity, whether inside or outside the network, is trusted by default. The design principles of zero trust include continuous verification, strict deny-by-default access controls, and micro-segmentation. Continuous verification ensures that every request is thoroughly checked, regardless of its origin. Strict access controls enforce the principle of least privilege, allowing users and devices only the minimum necessary access to perform their functions. Micro-segmentation involves dividing the network into smaller, isolated segments to prevent lateral movement in case of a breach. In the context of EV charging infrastructure, zero trust can be implemented through various strategies. For example, multi-factor authentication (MFA) can be required for engineers to access the management interfaces and control systems of charging stations. Real-time monitoring and analysis of network traffic can help detect and respond to anomalies. Systems that do not need to communicate with each other can be micro-segmented to enhance security. All communications should adhere to predefined policies to be permitted. Additionally, encrypting communications can protect sensitive information exchanged between chargers and management systems. This paper presents a zero trust architecture specifically designed for EV charging infrastructure. Implementing zero trust not only mitigates risks but also builds a resilient infrastructure capable of withstanding and quickly recovering from cyber threats. The architecture addresses six defined security objectives. A comprehensive test plan is developed to assess the architecture against these objectives, and the results of the evaluation are reported. This approach is essential for maintaining the reliability and integrity of EV charging services in an increasingly interconnected and vulnerable digital landscape. This is the first in a planned series of papers exploring the implementation of zero trust in EV charging infrastructure. Each paper will delve into different aspects and applications of zero trust, highlighting how various work processes and requirements can lead to distinct architectural designs. These architectures will be tailored to address specific security challenges and operational needs within the EV charging ecosystem, ensuring a robust and adaptable security framework.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗

DOE OSTI2020

PySpawn: Software for Nonadiabatic Quantum Molecular Dynamics

The ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS) method enables nonadiabatic quantum molecular dynamics simulations in an arbitrary number of dimensions, with potential energy surfaces provided by electronic structure calculations performed on-the-fly. However, the intricacy of the AIMS algorithm complicates software development, deployment on modern shared computer resources, and post-simulation data analysis. PySpawn is a nonadiabatic molecular dynamics software package that addresses these issues. Here, the program is designed to be easily interfaced with electronic structure software, and an interface to the TeraChem software package is described here. PySpawn introduces a task-based reorganization of the AIMS algorithm, allowing fine-grained restart capability and setting the stage for efficient parallelization in a future release. PySpawn includes a user-friendly and interactive Python analysis module that will enable novice users to painlessly adopt AIMS. As a demonstration of PySpawn’s simulation capability and analysis module, we report complete active space self-consistent field–based AIMS simulations of the 1,2- dithienyl-1,2-dicyanoethene molecule, a promising molecular photoswitch.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2026

EPICS for small-scale laboratories with Python soft IOCs

While the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) is widely used at large laboratories for slow controls and instrumentation, the deployment of a full EPICS installation can be difficult, with a steep learning curve to new users. Taking advantage of the pythonSoftIOC module, we developed an EPICS slow controls implementation for Jefferson Lab's Hall B cryotarget written entirely in Python and based on software IOCs that communicate with instruments over Ethernet. Here, this system ran successfully, interfacing with Jefferson Lab's full EPICS network, and we offer it as an example of the capabilities of pythonSoftIOC to build lightweight, yet robust and flexible instrumentation platforms that would be easily adapted for use at a small-scale laboratory. University groups can use these examples to build complete slow controls systems, from device communication to data archiving and display, using open-source, mature EPICS tools and student-friendly Python as an alternative to expensive and proprietary systems such as LabVIEW.

Computing↗

DOE OSTI2024

GraphAide: Advanced Graph-Assisted Query and Reasoning System

Curating knowledge from multiple siloed sources that contain both structured and unstructured data is a major challenge in many real-world applications. Pattern matching and querying represent fundamental tasks in modern data analytics that leverage this curated knowledge. The development of such applications necessitates overcoming several research challenges, including data extraction, named entity recognition, data modeling, and designing query interfaces. Moreover, the explainability of these functionalities is critical for their broader adoption. The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has accelerated the development lifecycle of new capabilities. Nonetheless, there is an ongoing need for domain-specific tools tailored to user activities. The creation of digital assistants has gained considerable traction in recent years, with LLMs offering a promising avenue to develop such assistants utilizing domain-specific knowledge and assumptions. In this context, we introduce an advanced query and reasoning system, GraphAide, which constructs a knowledge graph (KG) from diverse sources and allows to query and reason over the resulting KG. GraphAide harnesses both the KG and LLMs to rapidly develop domain-specific digital assistants. It integrates design patterns from retrieval augmented generation (RAG) and the semantic web to create an agentic LLM application. GraphAide underscores the potential for streamlined and efficient development of specialized digital assistants, thereby enhancing their applicability across various domains.

Purohit, Sumit [BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)] (ORCID:↗

DOE OSTI2018

ASC CSSE Level 2 Milestone #6362: Resilient Asynchronous Many Task Programming Model

This report is an outcome of the ASC CSSE Level 2 Milestone 6362: Analysis of Re- silient Asynchronous Many-Task (AMT) Programming Model. It comprises a summary and in-depth analysis of resilience schemes adapted to the AMT programming model. Herein, performance trade-offs of a resilient-AMT prograrnming model are assessed through two ap- proaches: (1) an analytical model realized by discrete event simulations and (2) empirical evaluation of benchmark programs representing regular and irregular workloads of explicit partial differential equation solvers. As part of this effort, an AMT execution simulator and a prototype resilient-AMT programming framework have been developed. The former permits us to hypothesize the performance behavior of a resilient-AMT model, and has undergone a verification and validation (V&V) process. The latter allows empirical evaluation of the perfor- mance of resilience schemes under emulated program failures and enabled the aforementioned V&V process. The outcome indicates that (1) resilience techniques implemented within an AMT framework allow efficient and scalable recovery under frequent failures, that (2) the abstraction of task and data instances in the AMT programming model enables readily us- able Application Program Interfaces (APIs) for resilience, and that (3) this abstraction enables predicting the performance of resilient-AMT applications with a simple simulation infrastruc- ture. This outcome will provide guidance for the design of the AMT programming model and runtime systems, user-level resilience support, and application development for ASC's next generation platforms (NGPs).

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2025

National User Resource for Biological Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (Final Report)

The National User Resource for Biological Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (User Resource) will provide isotopic analysis (primarily radiocarbon or 14C) by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) for NIH- funded researchers across the United States and will be the only User Resource of its type in the United States. The User Resource will provide measurement capability and expertise to a research community that requires highly sensitive, quantitative isotope analyses. Since commissioning a new accelerator mass spectrometer in June 2014, we have measured over 4000 samples a year for collaborators and service users. The User Resource will enable us to continue to meet these research needs, as well as provide for new users whose research programs would benefit from AMS as a measurement tool. The User Resource’s forte will be ultra-high sensitivity quantitation of radiocarbon and selected other radioisotopes for research studies where isotopes are required. Radioisotope labeling studies have been and will continue to be an important tool for addressing many complex biomedical science problems. AMS is a specialized and unique type of mass spectrometry that provides absolute quantitation of radiocarbon and other relevant radioisotopes with extreme sensitivity, having limits of detection in real samples on the order of a few attomol/mg of sample at measurement precisions of ~3%. It is the only instrumental method capable of quantifying radioisotope-labeled agents routinely in real-world samples with such precision and sensitivity. The sensitivity of AMS allows for the quantification of radiolabeled metabolites in extremely complex matrices of cells and organisms at very low concentrations and in small samples. AMS allows studies to be conducted without perturbing metabolism leading to more relevant quantification of metabolic rates and pathways. In addition, it enables quantification of pharmacokinetic and metabolic properties of toxicants at environmentally relevant concentrations in model systems as well as the ability to quantify pharmacokinetics and other molecular endpoints directly in humans. Such quantitative assessments can 1) improve risk assessment for toxicants, 2) address safety and efficacy considerations for therapeutic entities, 3) deepen understanding of xenobiotic and intermediary metabolism, 4) help understand the interactions between critical molecular pathways, and 5) improve efforts to model and predict various metabolic and biological states. These capabilities have been applied in a number of areas including research in carcinogenesis, toxicology, nutrition, pharmacology/drug development and basic biological science. As a NIGMS National Resource the National User Resource for Biological Accelerator Mass Spectrometry will help NIH funded scientists achieve a deeper understanding of the etiology of human health concerns by (1) enabling the quantification of pharmacokinetics and other molecular endpoints directly in humans; (2) offering the ability to conduct quantitative studies using biologics such as proteins or lipids, and thereby reducing the amount of radioisotope usage in biomedical labs; and (3) enabling more relevant studies of metabolic pathways in health and disease through the use of much lower, more biologically-relevant, concentrations of metabolic substrates in cells and intact organisms. Such studies support NIGMS’s basic biomedical research areas that contribute to the understanding of fundamental cellular and physiological principles and enable research supported by the Biophysics, Biomedical Technology, and Computational Biosciences (BBCB); Genetics and Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (GMCDB); Pharmacology, Physiology, Biological Chemistry (PPBC) and Training, Workforce Development, and Diversity (TWD) Divisions. Over the next five years, our goals are to: 1. Improve the efficiency of operation for AMS measurements through installation of new interfaces to our AMS systems, technical modifications to improve gas accepting ion source efficiency and upgrading our data analysis software for improved ease of use and data reporting. 2. Increase the accessibility and visibility of ultra-sensitive 14C measurements for the biomedical research community by training of new investigators and expanding our national user base. 3. Provide high throughput, ultra-sensitive 14C analysis for the NIGMS and NIH user community.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗