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At least 1,747 records · Page 97
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1997

Ocean Observations with EOS/MODIS: Algorithm Development and Post Launch Studies

The following accomplishments were made during the present reporting period: (1) We expanded our new method, for identifying the presence of absorbing aerosols and simultaneously performing atmospheric correction, to the point where it could be added as a subroutine to the MODIS water-leaving radiance algorithm; (2) We successfully acquired micro pulse lidar (MPL) data at sea during a cruise in February; (3) We developed a water-leaving radiance algorithm module for an approximate correction of the MODIS instrument polarization sensitivity; and (4) We participated in one cruise to the Gulf of Maine, a well known region for mesoscale coccolithophore blooms. We measured coccolithophore abundance, production and optical properties.

Gordon, Howard R.↗
NASA NTRS1997

Ocean Observations with EOS/MODIS: Algorithm Development and Post Launch Studies

Significant accomplishments made during the present reporting period are as follows: (1) We developed a new method for identifying the presence of absorbing aerosols and, simultaneously, performing atmospheric correction. The algorithm consists of optimizing the match between the top-of-atmosphere radiance spectrum and the result of models of both the ocean and aerosol optical properties; (2) We developed an algorithm for providing an accurate computation of the diffuse transmittance of the atmosphere given an aerosol model. A module for inclusion into the MODIS atmospheric-correction algorithm was completed; (3) We acquired reflectance data for oceanic whitecaps during a cruise on the RV Ka'imimoana in the Tropical Pacific (Manzanillo, Mexico to Honolulu, Hawaii). The reflectance spectrum of whitecaps was found to be similar to that for breaking waves in the surf zone measured by Frouin, Schwindling and Deschamps, however, the drop in augmented reflectance from 670 to 860 nm was not as great, and the magnitude of the augmented reflectance was significantly less than expected; and (4) We developed a method for the approximate correction for the effects of the MODIS polarization sensitivity. The correction, however, requires adequate characterization of the polarization sensitivity of MODIS prior to launch.

Gordon, Howard R.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Post-Pinatubo Optical Depth Spectra vs Latitude and Vortex Structure: Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer Measurements in AASE 2

In January and March 1992, DC-8-measured stratospheric particle optical depth spectra, tau(sub p)(lambda), peaked broadly at midvisible or longer wavelengths. At mid-to-high northern latitudes outside the vortex, tau(sub p)(526 nm) nm) above about 11 km was as large as 0.22 in both January and March, reflecting continued Pinatubo volcanic influence. In both months, in-vortex tau(sub p)(lambda) above 11 km was smaller than outside-vortex values by a factor of two or more, and in January a strong anticorrelation was observed between tau(sub p)(lambda) and HF column content (an indicator of vortex penetration). In late January at 18-20S, near the edge of the southern subtropical jet, tau(sub p)(526 nm) above 12 km was only about 0.07-0.09, with a flatter spectral shape than northern mid- to high-latitude measurements in both January and March. Occasional high-latitude vertical profiles indicate 6-11-km slab optical depths, Delta tau(sub p)(526 nm), of 0.05 to 0.1, which should be added to the above-11-km values to yield values above 6 km.

Russell, P. B.↗
NASA NTRS1997

The Space Shuttle Program Pre-Flight Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Risk/Damage Predictions and Post-Flight Damage Assessments

The pre-flight predictions and postflight assessments carried out in relation to a series of Space Shuttle missions are reviewed, and data are presented for the meteoroid and orbital debris damage observed on the Hubble Space Telescope during the 1994 Hubble repair mission. Pre-flight collision risk analyses are carried out prior to each mission, and in the case of an unacceptable risk, the mission profile is altered until the risk is considered to be acceptable. The NASA's BUMPER code is used to compute the probability of damage from debris and meteoroid particle impacts based on the Poisson statistical model for random events. The penetration probability calculation requires information concerning the geometry of the critical systems, the penetration resistance and mission profile parameters. Following each flight, the orbiter is inspected for meteoroid and space debris damage. The emphasis is on areas such as the radiator panels, the windows and the reinforced carbon-carbon structures on the leading wing edges and on the nose cap. The contents of damage craters are analyzed using a scanning electron microscope to determine the nature and origin of the impactor. Hypervelocity impact tests are often performed to simulate the observed damage and to estimate the nature of the damaging particles. The number and type of damage observed provides information concerning the orbital debris environment.

Levin, George M.↗
NASA NTRS1998

Ocean observations with EOS/MODIS: Algorithm Development and Post Launch Studies

Significant accomplishments made during the present reporting period: (1) We expanded our "spectral-matching" algorithm (SMA), for identifying the presence of absorbing aerosols and simultaneously performing atmospheric correction and derivation of the ocean's bio-optical parameters, to the point where it could be added as a subroutine to the MODIS water-leaving radiance algorithm; (2) A modification to the SMA that does not require detailed aerosol models has been developed. This is important as the requirement for realistic aerosol models has been a weakness of the SMA; and (3) We successfully acquired micro pulse lidar data in a Saharan dust outbreak during ACE-2 in the Canary Islands.

Gordon, Howard R.↗
NASA NTRS1998

STS-89 Post Flight Presentation

The flight crew of the STS-89 Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour, Cmdr. Terrence W. Wilcutt, Pilot Frank Edwards, and Mission Specialists Michael P. Anderson, James F. Reilly, Bonnie J. Dunbar, Salizhan Shakirovich Sharipov, David A. Wolf, and Andrew S.W. Thomas present an overview of their mission. It's whose primary objective was the rendezvous and space docking with the Mir Space Station. Video film footage includes prelaunch and launch activities; shuttle launch; in-orbit docking between Mir and Endeavour; general crew activities; transfer of supplies, equipment, and microgravity experiments to Mir; undocking maneuvers and Mir fly around; pre-return checkout of flight systems; and reentry and landing of the orbiter.

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NASA NTRS1995

Evidence for Regional Basin Formation in Early Post-Tessera Venus History: Geology of the Lavinia Planitia Area (V55)

On Venus, global topography shows the presence of highs and lows including regional highly deformed plateaus (tesserae), broad rifted volcanic rises, linear lows flanking uplands, and more equidimensional lowlands (e.g. Lavinia and Atalanta planitiae) Each of these terrain types on Venus has relatively distinctive characteristics, but origins are uncertain in terms of mode of formation, time of formation, and potential evolutionary links. There is a high level of uncertainty about the formation and evolution of lowlands on Venus. We have undertaken the mapping of a specific lowlands region of Venus to address several of these major questions. Using geologic mapping we have tried to establish: What is the sequence of events in the formation and evolution of large-scale equidimensional basins on Venus? When do the compressional features typical of basin interiors occur? What is the total volume of lava that occurs in the basins and is this similar to other non-basin areas? How much subsidence and downwarping has occurred after the last major plains units? WE have undertaken an analysis of the geology of the V55 Lavinia Planitia quadrangle in order to address many of these issues and we report on the results here.

Head, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1998

STS-87 Post Flight Presentation

The flight crew, Cmdr. Kevin R. Kregel, Pilot Steven W. Lindsey, Mission Specialists Winston E. Scott, Kalpana Chawla, and Takao Doi, and Payload Specialist Leonid K. Kadenyuk present an overview of their mission. In the first part they can be seen performing pre-launch activities such as eating the traditional breakfast, crew suit-up, and the ride out to the launch pad. Also, included are various panoramic views of the shuttle on the pad. The crew is seen being readied in the 'white room' for their mission. After the closing of the hatch and arm retraction, launch activities are shown including countdown, engine ignition, launch, and the separation of the Solid Rocket Boosters. In the second part of the video the crew turn their attention to a variety of experiments inside the Shuttle's cabin. These experiments include the processing of several samples of materials in the glovebox facility in Columbia's middeck; the experiment called PEP, which involves heating samples and then recording the mixture as it resolidifies; and the study of plant growth in space.

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NASA NTRS1998

STS-90 Post Flight Presentation

The flight crew of the STS-90 mission, Cmdr. Richard A. Searfoss, Pilot Scott D. Altman, and Mission Specialists Richard M. Linnehan, Dafydd Rhys Williams and Kathryn P. Hire, and Payload Specialists Jay C. Buckey and James A. Pawelczyk can be seen performing pre-launch activities such as eating the traditional breakfast, crew suit-up, and the ride out to the launch pad. Also, included are various panoramic views of the shuttle on the pad. The crew is readied in the 'white room' for their mission. After the closing of the hatch and arm retraction, launch activities are shown including countdown, engine ignition, launch, and the separation of the Solid Rocket Boosters. In the second part of the video the crew turns its attention to a variety of experiments inside the Shuttle's cabin. These experiments include the processing of several samples of materials in the glovebox facility in Columbia's middeck; the experiment called PEP, which involves heating samples as they resolidify; and the study of plant growth in space.

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NASA NTRS1996

Fish Scale Evidence for Rapid Post Glacial Colonization of an Atlantic Coastal Pond

Fish scales from the sediment of Allamuchy Pond, New Jersey, USA, indicate that fishes were present in the pond within 400 years of the time of the first deposition of organic material, at approximately 12,600 yrs BP. The earliest of the scales, from a white sucker, Catostomus commersoni, appears in sediment dated 12,260 +/- 220 yrs BP. Presence of scales in sediment deposited before I 0,000 yrs BP indicates that Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, sunfish, Lepomis sp., and yellow perch, Perca flavescens, also were early inhabitants of the pond. The timing of the arrival of each of these fishes suggests that they migrated out from Atlantic coastal refugia. A minnow scale, referred to Phoxininae, was also retrieved; it could not be matched to any cyprinid currently found in northeastern North America. The species present historically in this pond are from five families found currently in ponds throughout the Northeast and sugoest that the lentic palaeo-enviromnent was similar to present mid-elevation or high-latitude lentic systems.

Daniels, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Hubble Space Telescope Metallized Teflon(registered trademark) FEP Thermal Control Materials: On-Orbit Degradation and Post-Retrieval Analysis

During the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Second Servicing Mission (SM2), degradation of unsupported Teflon(Registered Trademark) FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene), used as the outer layer of the multilayer insulation (MLI) blankets, was evident as large cracks on the telescope light shield. A sample of the degraded outer layer was retrieved during the mission and returned to Earth for ground testing and evaluation. The results of the Teflon(Registered Trademark) FEP sample evaluation and additional testing of pristine Teflon(Registered Trademark) FEP led the investigative team to theorize that the HST damage was caused by thermal cycling with deep-layer damage from electron and proton radiation which allowed the propagation of cracks along stress concentrations , and that the damage increased with the combined total dose of electrons, protons, UV and x-rays along with thermal cycling. This paper discusses the testing and evaluation of the retrieved Teflon(Registered Trademark) FEP.

Townsend, Jacqueline A.↗
NASA NTRS1997

STS-81 Post Flight Presentation

The flight crew of the STS-81 mission, Commander Michael A. Baker, Pilot Brent W. Jett Jr, and Mission Specialists John M. Grunsfeld, Marsha S. Ivins, Peter J.K. Wisoff, and Jerry M. Linenger present a video mission over-view of their space flight. Images include prelaunch activities such as eating the traditional breakfast, crew suit-up, and the ride out to the launch pad. Also included are various panoramic views of the shuttle on the pad. The crew can be seen being readied in the "white room" for their mission. After the closing of the hatch and arm retraction, launch activities are shown including countdown, engine ignition, launch, and the separation of the Solid Rocket Boosters. During the presentation the astronauts take turns discussing aspects of the mission including: the SPACEHAB a double module that provides additional middeck locker space for secondary experiments. During the five days of docked operations with Mir, the crews is seen transferring water and supplies from one spacecraft to the other.

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NASA NTRS1998

STS-95 Post Flight Presentation

The STS-95 flight crew, Cmdr. Curtis L. Brown, Pilot Steven W. Lindsey, Mission Specialists Scott E. Parazynski, Stephen K. Robinson, and Pedro Duque, and Payload Specialists Chiaki Mukai and John H. Glenn present a video mission over-view of their space flight. Images include prelaunch activities such as eating the traditional breakfast, crew suit-up, and the ride out to the launch pad. Also, included are various panoramic views of the shuttle on the pad. The crew can be seen being readied in the "whiteroom" for their mission. After the closing of the hatch and arm retraction, launch activities are shown including countdown, engine ignition, launch, and the separation of the Solid Rocket Boosters. The primary objectives, which include the conducting of a variety of science experiments in the pressurized SPACEHAB module, the deployment and retrieval of the Spartan free-flyer payload, and operations with the HST Orbiting Systems Test (HOST) and the International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker (IEH) payloads are discussed in both the video and still photo presentation.

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NASA NTRS1998

STS-88 Post Flight Presentation

The flight crew of the STS-88 mission, Commander Robert D. Cabana, Pilot Frederick W. Sturckow, and Mission Specialists Nancy J. Currie, Jerry L. Ross, James H. Newman, and Sergei K. Krikalev, present a video mission over-view of their space flight. Images include prelaunch activities such as eating the traditional breakfast, crew suit-up, and the ride out to the launch pad. Also, included are various panoramic views of the shuttle on the pad. The crew can be seen being readied in the "white room" for their mission. After the closing of the hatch and arm retraction, launch activities are shown including countdown, engine ignition, launch, and the separation of the Solid Rocket Boosters. Once the seven-day mission begins, the astronauts comment on the mating of the U.S.-built Node 1 station element to the Functional Energy Block (FGB) which was already in orbit, and two EVAs that were planned to connect power and data transmission cables between the Node and the FGB. The crew can also be seen conducting a series of rendezvous maneuvers similar to those conducted on other Shuttle missions to reach the orbiting FGB.

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NASA NTRS1999

STS-86 Post Flight Presentation

The Crew of STS-86 Atlantis Shuttle, Commander James D. Wetherbee, Pilot Michael J. Bloomfield, Mission Specialists Vladimar G. Titov, Scott E. Parazynski, Jean-Loup J. M. Chretien, Wendy Lawrence, and David Wolf, narrate the footage of their mission to the Mir International Space Station. Scenes include crew suit up, walk out to the transfer vehicle, strap-in into the shuttle, start of the main engine, ignition of the rocket boosters, and separation of the solid rocket boosters. The crew of Atlantis participates in an exchange of gifts with the members of Mir, and a space walk to recover experiments outside the Mir Space Station. A beautiful panoramic view of Mir above South America is seen. Scenes also depict the closing of Mir's hatch, Atlantis' separation from Mir, and the reentry of the Atlantis Space Shuttle into the Earth's atmosphere.

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NASA NTRS1998

STS-91 Post Flight Presentation

Footage of the Crew of STS-91 Discovery Shuttle, Commander Charles J. Precourt, Pilot Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie, Mission Specialists Wendy B. Lawrence, Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, Janet L. Kavandi, and Valery Victorovitch Ryumin, is shown. Scenes include the crew suit up, walk out to the transfer vehicle, and strap-in into the shuttle. Also presented are scenes of the start of the main engine, ignition of the solid rocket boosters, panoramic views of the Earth as the shuttle takes off, and the separation of the solid rocket boosters. The crew of Discovery opens the payload bay doors to the Mir International Space Station, completes SPACEHAB tunnel leak checks, greets crew in Mir Space Station, and transfers materials to Mir. Beautiful panoramic views of the Moon, and Mir above Cape Canaveral are seen. Scenes also include the crew of Discovery sharing meals, and exercising. The film ends with the reentry of the Discovery Space Shuttle into the Earth's atmosphere.

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NASA NTRS1999

STS-96 Post Flight Presentation

The Crew of STS-96 Discovery Shuttle, Commander Kent V. Rominger, Pilot Rick D. Husband, Mission Specialists Ellen Ochoa, Tamara E. Jernigan, Daniel T. Barry, Julie Payette, and Valery Ivanovich Tokarev, are shown narrating the mission highlights. Scenes include walk out to the transfer vehicle, and launch of the shuttle. Also presented are scenes of the start of the main engine, ignition of the solid rocket boosters, and the separation of the solid rocket boosters. Footage of Payette preparing the on-board camera equipment, while Barry and Jernigan perform routine checks of the equipment is seen. Also presented are various pictures of the shuttle in its orbit, the docking of the shuttle with the Mir International Space Station, and crewmembers during their space walk. Beautiful panoramic views of the Great Lake, Houston, and a combined view of Italy and Turkey are seen. The crew of Discovery is shown performing a juice ball experiment, tumbling, undocking, performing transfer operations, and deploying the STARSHINE educational satellite. The film ends with the reentry of the Discovery Space Shuttle into the Earth's atmosphere.

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NASA NTRS1999

STS-93 Post Flight Presentation

An overview of Flight STS-93 is presented. The primary objective of the STS-93 mission was to deploy the Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF), also known as the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The mission flew on the Columbia Shuttle, on July 22, 1999. This facility is the most sophisticated X-ray observatory ever built. Other payloads on STS-93 were: (1) the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX), (2) Shuttle Ionospheric Modification with Pulsed Local Exhaust (SIMPLEX), (3) Southwest Ultraviolet Imaging System (SWUIS), (4) Gelation of Sols: Applied Microgravity Research (GOSAMR), Space Tissue Loss-B (STL-B), (5) Light Weight Flexible Solar Array Hinge (LFSAH), (6) Cell Culture Module (CCM), and (7) the Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment-II (SAREX-II), (8) EarthKam, (9) Plant Growth Investigations in Microgravity (PGIM), (10) Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (CGBA), (11) Micro-Electrical Mechanical System (MEMS), and (12) the Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC). The crew was: Eileen M. Collins, Mission Commander, the first female shuttle commander; Jeffrey S. Ashby, Pilot; Steven A. Hawley , Mission Specialist; Catherine G. Coleman, Mission Specialist; Michel Tognini (CNES), Mission Specialist. The video contains views of life aboard the space shuttle. This mission featured both a night launching and a night landing at the Kennedy Space Center.

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