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With the recent discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the next set of goals for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment includes characterizing the newly discovered particle and probing for new physics beyond the Standard Model. Results from a search for new physics in the final state with a low transverse energy photon and missing transverse energy, using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.3/fb collected in proton-proton collisions at 8 TeV with the CMS detector is presented. Due to the large background rate for this final state, a novel strategy was used to collect this dataset from August through December of 2012. Such final state can arise from models involving dark matter production or exotic decays of the Higgs boson in low-scale supersymmetry breaking scenarios. In the absence of deviations from the Standard Model predictions, limits are set on the probability of an exotic decay of the Higgs boson. The phase space consisting of a photon with a transverse energy of at least 45 GeV and significant missing transverse energy was further examined in a model independent way by varying the selection requirements on the missing transverse energy and the transverse mass of the system. Upper limits at the 95% confidence level on production cross section of possible processes resulting in this final state were set. Additional and complementary results from a search for new physics in the final states containing a high-energy photon and missing transverse energy are also presented, using the data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.6/fb collected in proton-proton collisions at 8 TeV. In the absence of any significant deviation from the Standard Model predictions, improved limits are set on dark matter production and on the parameters of a model with large extra dimensions. Upper limits at a 95% confidence level on the production cross section of possible processes resulting in the final state with the photon transverse momentum greater than 145 GeV and missing transverse energy greater than 140 GeV were set.
The numerical technique of Lattice QCD holds the promise of connecting the nuclear forces, nuclei, the spectrum and structure of hadrons, and the properties of matter under extreme conditions with the underlying theory of the strong interactions, quantum chromodynamics. A distinguishing, and thus far unique, feature of this formulation is that all of the associated uncertainties, both statistical and systematic can, in principle, be systematically reduced to any desired precision with sufficient computational and human resources. As a result, we review the sources of uncertainty inherent in Lattice QCD calculations for nuclear physics, and discuss how each is quantified in current efforts.
A search for the production of a single top quark in association with invisible particles is performed using proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1 . In this search, a flavor-changing neutral current produces a single top quark or antiquark and an invisible state nonresonantly. The invisible state consists of a hypothetical spin-1 particle acting as a new mediator and decaying to two spin-1/2 dark matter candidates. The analysis searches for events in which the top quark or antiquark decays hadronically. No significant excess of events compatible with that signature is observed. Exclusion limits at 95% confidence level are placed on the masses of the spin-1 mediator and the dark matter candidates, and are compared to constraints from the dark matter relic density measurements. In a vector (axial-vector) coupling scenario, masses of the spin-1 mediator are excluded up to 1.85 (1.85) TeV with an expectation of 2.0 (2.0) TeV, whereas masses of the dark matter candidates are excluded up to 0.75 (0.55) TeV with an expectation of 0.85 (0.65) TeV.
A revolution in elementary particle physics occurred during the period from the ICHEP1968 to the ICHEP1982 with the advent of the parton model from discoveries in Deeply Inelastic electron-proton Scattering at SLAC, neutrino experiments, hard-scattering observed in p+p collisions at the CERN ISR, the development of QCD, the discovery of the J/Ψ at BNL and SLAC and the clear observation of high transverse momentum jets at the CERN SPS $\bar{p}$ + p collider. These and other discoveries in this period led to the acceptance of QCD as the theory of the strong interactions. The desire to understand nuclear physics at high density such as in neutron stars led to the application of QCD to this problem and to the prediction of a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) in nuclei at high energy density and temperatures. This eventually led to the construction of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at BNL to observe superdense nuclear matter in the laboratory. This article discusses how experimental methods and results which confirmed QCD at the first hadron collider, the CERN ISR, played an important role in experiments at the first heavy ion collider, RHIC, leading to the discovery of the QGP as a perfect liquid as well as discoveries at RHIC and the LHC which continue to the present day.
Recent progress on general-purpose Monte-Carlo event generators is reviewed with emphasis on the simulation of hard QCD processes and subsequent parton cascades. Describing full final states of high-energy particle collisions in contemporary experiments is an intricate task. Hundreds of particles are typically produced, and the reactions involve both large and small momentum transfer. The high-dimensional phase space makes an exact solution of the problem impossible. Instead, one typically resorts to regarding events as factorized into different steps, ordered descending in the mass scales or invariant momentum transfers which are involved. In this picture, a hard interaction, described through fixed-order perturbation theory, is followed by multiple Bremsstrahlung emissions off initial- and final-state and, finally, by the hadronization process, which binds QCD partons into color-neutral hadrons. Each of these steps can be treated independently, which is the basic concept inherent to general-purpose event generators. Their development is nowadays often focused on an improved description of radiative corrections to hard processes through perturbative QCD. In this context, the concept of jets is introduced, which allows to relate sprays of hadronic particles in detectors to the partons in perturbation theory. In this talk, we briefly review recent progress on perturbative QCD in event generation. The main focus lies on the general-purpose Monte-Carlo programs HERWIG, PYTHIA and SHERPA, which will be the workhorses for LHC phenomenology. A detailed description of the physics models included in these generators can be found in [8]. We also discuss matrix-element generators, which provide the parton-level input for general-purpose Monte Carlo.
This article presents a measurement of the cross-section for high transverse momentum W and Z bosons produced in pp collisions and decaying to all-hadronic final states. The data used in the analysis were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=7\;{\rm Te}{\rm V}$ and correspond to an integrated luminosity of $4.6\;{\rm f}{{{\rm b}}^{-1}}$. The measurement is performed by reconstructing the boosted W or Z bosons in single jets. The reconstructed jet mass is used to identify the W and Z bosons, and a jet substructure method based on energy cluster information in the jet centre-of-mass frame is used to suppress the large multi-jet background. The cross-section for events with a hadronically decaying W or Z boson, with transverse momentum ${{p}_{{\rm T}}}\gt 320\;{\rm Ge}{\rm V}$ and pseudorapidity $|\eta |\lt 1.9$, is measured to be ${{\sigma }_{W+Z}}=8.5\pm 1.7$ pb and is compared to next-to-leading-order calculations. The selected events are further used to study jet grooming techniques.
We propose to use interpolating operators for lattice quantum chromodynamics calculations of highly boosted pions and nucleons with kinematically enhanced ground-state overlap factors at large momentum. Because this kinematic enhancement applies to the signal but not the variance of the correlation function, these interpolating operators can achieve better signal-to-noise ratios at large momentum. We perform proof-of-principle calculations with boosted pions and nucleons using close-to-physical and larger quark masses to explore the utility of our proposal. Results for effective energies and matrix elements, as well as Lanczos ground-state energy estimators, are consistent with theoretical expectations for signal-to-noise improvement at large momenta.
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In this work some aspects of the nonextensive thermodynamics of hadronic matter are investigated. In particular, an extense analysis of the fitting procedure of the nonextensive distributions of transverse momentum of several particles is performed focusing on the correlation between the entropic index and the effective temperature. The linear relation between τ and (q − 1) is determined and it is shown that the Hagedorn's temperature can be obtained.
The Electron–Ion Collider provides the opportunity to drastically advance our understanding of QCD and the multidimensional structure of both protons and nuclei. An essential component of the EIC physics program is the identification and characterization of exclusive, diffractive, and tagged events using detectors integrated with the outgoing hadron beamline, the so-called “far-forward” detectors. The ePIC experiment includes a suite of far-forward detectors designed to deliver the necessary geometric coverage and resolution required to achieve the exclusive physics program envisioned at the EIC. Additionally, to the multidimensional imaging program at the EIC, topics such as spectator tagging in e + d and e + 3 He reactions to access structure functions and searches for gluon saturation in e + A collisions are also enabled by this experimental apparatus. In these proceedings, the ePIC far-forward detectors will be briefly introduced, and a few selected physics topics focused on tagged deep-inelastic scattering will be discussed.
Results are reported from a search for new particles that decay into a photon and two gluons, in events with jets. Novel jet substructure techniques are developed that allow photons to be identified in an environment densely populated with hadrons. The analyzed proton-proton collision data were collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in 2016 at $ \sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb -1 . The spectra of total transverse hadronic energy of candidate events are examined for deviations from the standard model predictions. No statistically significant excess is observed over the expected background. The first cross section limits on new physics processes resulting in such events are set. The results are interpreted as upper limits on the rate of gluino pair production, utilizing a simplified stealth supersymmetry model. The excluded gluino masses extend up to 1.7 TeV, for a neutralino mass of 200 GeV and exceed previous mass constraints set by analyses targeting events with isolated photons.
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A measurement of the four-lepton invariant mass spectrum is made with the ATLAS detector, using an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb –1 of proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV delivered by the Large Hadron Collider. The differential cross-section is measured for events containing two same-flavour opposite-sign lepton pairs. It exhibits a rich structure, with different mass regions dominated in the Standard Model by single Z boson production, Higgs boson production, and Z boson pair production, and non-negligible interference effects at high invariant masses. The measurement is compared with state-of-the-art Standard Model calculations, which are found to be consistent with the data. These calculations are used to interpret the data in terms of gg → ZZ → 4ℓ and Z → 4ℓ subprocesses, and to place constraints on a possible contribution from physics beyond the Standard Model.
Here we review the major physics requirements, accelerator challenges and some magnet design issues for the Machine Detector Interface (MDI) of an Electron Ion Collider (EIC) Interaction Region (IR). In order to fully exploit the rich physics potential of an EIC, an IR MDI team must balance a complex interplay that arises when combining hadron and electron collider accelerators in an optimized IR. The work described in this paper results from ongoing close collaboration between many people at BNL, JLab and other institutes to realize an EIC as the next, highest priority, future nuclear physics project.
The thermal corrections to the propagator of a loosely bound charm-meson molecule in a pion gas are calculated to next-to-leading order in the heavy-meson expansion using a zero-range effective field theory. Ultraviolet divergences in the charm-meson-pair self energy are canceled by corrections to the charm-meson-pair contact vertex. Terms that are singular at the charm-meson-pair threshold can be absorbed into thermal corrections to the rest energies and kinetic masses of the charm-meson constituents. The remaining terms reduce to a thermal correction to the binding momentum that is proportional to the pion number density and suppressed by the pion/charm-meson mass ratio. The correction gives a tiny decrease in the binding energy of the charm-meson molecule relative to the charm-meson-pair threshold in the pion gas and a change in its thermal width that is small compared to the thermal widths of the charm-meson constituents. These results are encouraging for the prospects of observing X(3872) and $T$$^{+}_{cc}$ (3875) in the expanding hadron gas produced by heavy-ion collisions.
A survey of experimental results obtained by studying chiral effects in nucleus–nucleus collisions at various energies is presented. The entire body of these experimental results confirms indirectly a topologically nontrivial structure of the QCD vacuum and the possibility of a local violation of discrete QCD symmetries at finite temperature. A significant decrease in the asymmetry of the distribution of electrically charged particles with respect to the reaction plane in heavy-ion collisions in the energy range of √(sNN) GeVmay be indicative of a possible transition to the region where hadron states dominate over quark–gluon degrees of freedom in a mixed phase formed in nucleus–nucleus collisions at intermediate energies.
Neutrinos are the most poorly understood particles in the Standard Model but may be key to understanding fundamental mysteries of the universe, including matter-antimatter asymmetry. Most experiments to improve our knowledge of neutrinos depend on neutrino interactions with hadronic matter and therefore rely on a solid theoretical understanding of these interactions. Lattice QCD offers a first-principles, model-independent method of analyzing hadronic systems and their responses to external currents, including the electroweak currents induced by neutrino interactions. In this talk, I will discuss my work on using lattice QCD to understand the hadronic systems needed for both neutrino oscillation and neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments and the impact of this work on neutrino physics.