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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,747 records · Page 97
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

The Reactivity and Structural Dynamics of Supported Metal Nanoclusters Using Electron Microscopy, in-situ X-Ray Spectroscopy, Electronic Structure Theories, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations

This research will provide new methods to determine the structures and compositions of heterogeneous catalysts as they exist in reaction conditions. The new tools will make it possible to understand how extremely small material structures—ones in a size range spanning from single atoms to larger polyatomic clusters—make it possible to carry out highly selective chemical transformations required to synthesize useful materials as well as for efficient energy production and utilization. The tools will make it possible to see how the atomic structures of catalytic materials evolve over time under the conditions of their use, and in this way provide understandings to guide the design of new energy-efficient catalysts. The work will make it possible to answer long standing questions that include the following. How does catalyst structure help guide molecules along specific reaction pathways? What are the important intermediates involved in these transformations? How do the structures and reactivity of catalytic materials, as well as the chemistry of their interfaces, vary with reaction conditions? Is it possible to develop new catalytic materials using new knowledge of the active structures and reaction mechanisms? The work will provide heretofore unavailable experimental tools that can be applied in advanced programs of research addressing such questions.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Utilization of Existing Pipelines in Hydrogen Transport: Literature Review Report

This report critically reviews the flow behavior of hydrogen-natural gas (H 2 -NG) mixtures in pipelines and examines the critical factors of hydrogen integration into existing natural gas infrastructure. It addresses the choking behavior characterized by velocity increase and pressure drop, as well as the effects of flow restrictions and pressure losses during hydrogen transport. Computational and analytical models are used to investigate these effects, and their effects on thermodynamic properties and system performance are evaluated. The study also reviews the energy efficiency and flow dynamics of hydrogen and methane-hydrogen mixtures and optimizes the hydrogen flow rate. In addition, the effects of these mixtures on the flow characteristics are discussed in detail, with special emphasis on the compressibility factor (z factor) and fluid properties based on equations of state for hydrogen-natural gas mixtures. The study also analyzes the mixture ratios and highlights the thermophysical properties, flow dynamics, and hydrogen-blended natural gas application potential. These investigations assess flow stability, material interactions, and operational feasibility of transporting hydrogen mixtures through natural gas pipelines, which contribute to developing sustainable and efficient energy systems.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2018

ARPA-E Impacts: A Sample of Project Outcomes, Volume III

As the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) enters its ninth year of funding transformative R&D in energy technology, we are proud to present the third compilation booklet of project impact sheets. This booklet provides a glimpse into the diverse and sophisticated research portfolio of advanced energy technologies that will enable the United States to tackle our most pressing energy challenges. The projects in this booklet illustrate a wide range of impacts—from scientific breakthroughs to products in the marketplace. Statistical measures help demonstrate the achievements of ARPA-E funded projects at different stages of innovation. Since 2009, ARPA-E has provided approximately $1.8 billion in R&D funding for more than 660 potentially transformational energy technology projects. As of February 2018, ARPA-E project teams have published 1,724 peer-reviewed journal articles that have been cited 42,535 times, and have been awarded 245 patents by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Moreover, 71 ARPA-E project teams have formed new companies, 127 have partnered with another government agency to continue their technology development, and 149 teams have together raised more than $2.9 billion in reported funding from the private sector to bring their technologies to market. Another way to understand the Agency’s success is through the specific scientific and engineering challenges that ARPA-E project teams have overcome. To provide greater insight into ARPA-E’s project successes, this booklet documents the opportunities and challenges project teams have faced in technologies related to energy efficiency, energy storage, and transportation. The booklet also includes a review of ARPA-E’s power electronics portfolio. We expect that ARPA-E’s project teams will continue to demonstrate impact, and that, as a result, we will continue to publish their successes. Please share this report with your colleagues—we hope to encourage innovative scientists and engineers to continue to engage us with their ideas and consider joining our team.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
NASA NTRS1993

Engine Would Recover Exhaust Energy More Efficiently

Exhaust energy used for supercharging and extra shaft power. Flow of exhaust apportioned by waste gate to meet demand of turbocharger, and portion not fed to turbocharger sent to power-recovery turbine. Expected to increase fuel efficiency.

Dimpelfeld, Philip M.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Advanced Turbine Airfoils for Efficient CHP Systems: Energy Storage Integration Analysis

This report documents the energy storage systems (ESS) integration portion of the work conducted under the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO) Lab Call DE-LC-000L059 project titled "Advanced Turbine Airfoils for Efficient CHP Systems." The objective of this work is to analyze the previously-developed combined heat and power (CHP) plant with the upgraded gas turbine to include an ESS to improve the operational flexibility. The analysis includes identifying a candidate CHP configuration for the ESS integration and identifying possible storage systems to be integrated. A qualitative analysis was made to down select possible storage technologies and a techno-economic analysis (TEA) was made for the CHP system with the selected storage technology.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Clean Energy Workforce and Employment Gap Analysis in the Hill District of Pittsburgh, PA [Slides]

Through Communities LEAP, a community coalition focused on the Hill District neighborhood of Pittsburgh is working with a technical assistance provider network led by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The coalition includes community organizations, nonprofits, the city government, and the utility. Technical assistance provides analysis and information to support Hill District stakeholders in their goals to create informed residential energy efficiency and renewable energy transition strategies that improve housing conditions and lower energy bills, incorporate energy efficiency and renewable energy strategies into existing, community-driven development efforts; and generate quality local jobs. This presentation provides a summary of potential employment impacts of residential energy efficiency investments in the Hill District, aligned with NREL's housing stock analysis; a scan of existing energy efficiency and clean energy workforce and education stakeholders in and around the Hill District; and gaps and potential opportunities for new or expanded training to align with energy efficiency and clean energy goals.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Virtual Special Issue on Catalysis at the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Laboratories

Catalysis research at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) National Laboratories covers a wide range of research topics in heterogeneous catalysis, homogeneous/molecular catalysis, biocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and surface science. Since much of the work at National Laboratories is funded by DOE, the research is largely focused on addressing DOE's mission to ensure America's security and prosperity by addressing its energy, environmental, and nuclear challenges through transformative science and technology solutions. The catalysis research carried out at the DOE National Laboratories ranges from very fundamental catalysis science, funded by DOE's Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), to applied research and development (R&D) in areas such as biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals, fuel cells, and vehicle emission control with primary funding from DOE's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Connected Lighting Systems Efficiency Study: PoE Cable Energy Losses, Part 2

DOE published a report in November 2017 (herein referred to as “Part 1”) summarizing the results of an exploratory study investigating power losses in Ethernet cables used between PoE switches and luminaires in PoE connected lighting systems. Testing was conducted at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Connected Lighting Test Bed (CLTB) in September 2017. The results were analyzed to explore the impact of cable selection on PoE lighting system energy efficiency, as well as the effectiveness of guidelines published by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) C137 Lighting Systems Committee in 2017. The guidance offered in ANSI C137.3-2017 was found to be effective in limiting cable energy losses to 5% in PoE lighting applications, provided that the average cable length on a project does not exceed 50 m. This Part 2 report summarizes the results of a continued investigation of the power losses in Ethernet cables used between PoE switches and luminaires in PoE connected lighting systems. Testing was conducted at the PNNL CLTB in July-August 2018. A test setup comprising a PoE switch, a set of luminaires, and a reference meter was again used to test multiple cable models of varying design. The results were analyzed to explore the impact of cable selection and installation practices (e.g., cable bending, cable bundling, and installation in conduit) on PoE lighting system energy efficiency, as well as the effectiveness of the ANSI C137.3 guidelines. Notably, three cables—two of which were shielded—were previously excluded from the Part 1 study due to compatibility issues. All three cables were included in this Part 2 study, along with a fourth model cable introduced in Part 2. In addition, whereas no patch cords were used in Part 1, patch cords were used in some Part 2 testing. The ANSI C137.3 guidance was again shown to effectively limit power losses to less than 5% in the cables tested (varying in AWG, Category, shielding, fire rating, and manufacturer), and AWG again proved to be the most important cable design variable for energy performance, as expected. However, these findings should not be construed as being representative of all cable models and installation practices. For example, energy losses would be greater when cables are connected to patch cords, bundled in conduit, and loaded with powered devices (PDs) approaching 100 W input power. The other key finding was that with 44 W luminaires as PDs and room ambient temperatures below 30°C, cable energy losses were not substantially increased by cable bending or bundling in uninsulated conduit. However, environments with higher ambient temperatures will have greater energy losses due to increased conductor DCR. In addition, product selection and installation practices will have increased importance as PDs approaching 100 W input power—conveyed by a single Ethernet cable—are introduced following publication of the forthcoming Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standard 802.3bt. The report also provides recommendations and next steps, which include plans for additional PoE cable energy losses testing with higher-power PDs to more fully explore the potential of PoE lighting systems.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2022

Strategies for Optimizing WIP Investment in State Energy Offices

This report outlines strategies for Weatherization and Intergovernmental Programs Office (WIP) investment aimed at improving state energy office programs. The project was funded by WIP within the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). WIP aims "to enable strategic investments in energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies through the use of innovative practices across the United States in partnership with a wide range of stakeholders, including state and local organizations and community-based nonprofits." Across its programs, WIP has created thousands of jobs, maintains an investment ratio of 4.1 to 1, and increases U.S. economic output by 1.2 billion a year. This project was funded in the FY21 budget cycle and originally focused on improving WIP energy efficiency funding and programs. The project gathered information from various state energy offices to understand how WIP funding and processes can be optimized to improve state-level energy efficiency programs. We propose that the conclusions are also broadly applicable to weatherization and renewable energy deployment programs.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Potential Availability of Alternative Fuel to Supply Maritime Activities in Pacific Northwest Ports

The international shipping sector represented 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2023 (Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy 2024). International shipping has been classified as a difficult-to-decarbonize industry (IRENA 2024). In an effort to drive decarbonization, the U.S. Department of Energy has partnered with Mission Innovation to co-lead the Zero-Emission Shipping Mission, which launched in 2021(Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy 2021). In addition, the U.S. Department of State partnered with Norway to launch the Green Shipping Challenge in 2022 (Office of the Spokesperson 2022b). As part of the ZESM and Green Shipping Challenge, the United States is collaborating with the Republic of Korea (ROK) to develop a green shipping corridor (U.S. Mission Korea 2023). The United States and ROK have conducted a pre-feasibility study as the first step in developing a green shipping corridor between the countries. The ports included in the study are Seattle, Tacoma, and Everette in the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) and Busan, Ulsan, and Masan in ROK. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's role in the study was to analyze the availability and technical potential of alternative marine fuels in proximity to U.S. PNW ports. The findings show most of the existing alternative fuel capacity within the region is from renewable diesel, biodiesel, and sustainable aviation fuel facilities. The largest growth in fuel capacity in the region by 2030 is projected to be in renewable diesel and hydrogen. The overall technical readiness of non-drop-in alternative fuel production and conversion technologies is more developed than alternative-fueled ships and associated fueling infrastructure. However, much of the fuel capacity in the region is comprised of drop-in fuels, making it technically possible to use existing infrastructure for transporting and bunkering to the existing fleet. Data to inform regional alternative fuel quantity estimations were collected from an extensive review of databases, reports, announcements, and other publicly available resources. A maturity index and sector competition factor were applied to announced fuel projects to determine the quantity of alternative fuel available to the marine sector in the region by 2030. Demand data were collected from fuel bunkering logs covering the PNW seaports (State of Washington 2021). Both supply and demand data were converted to very-low sulfur fuel oil gallon equivalents (VLSFO-GE) for better comparison. Qualitative data were gathered through interviews with stakeholders, project developers, and industry experts. Total alternative fuel capacity available to the marine sector in the region is estimated to be 824 million VLSFO-GE per year by 2030. This is sufficient to cover the requirements of a green shipping corridor between the United States and ROK. The findings from this report are being used to inform detailed feasibility studies for several U.S. PNW -ROK green shipping corridors. Updates from the U.S. PNW - ROK feasibility studies will continue to be published on Mission Innovation's green corridor tracking website (Zero Emission Shipping Mission, n.d.). In addition, this report has helped to inform further work on shipping decarbonization in the U.S. PNW, including the Pacific Northwest to Alaska Green Corridor focused on cruise vessels.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2016

Orange County Photovoltaic Project & Educational COmponent

The purpose of this report is to discuss the projects implemented, utilizing Department of Energy grant funds, to support the use and understanding of renewable energy in Orange County, Florida and the Greater Orlando Area. Orange County is located in the State of Florida and is most popularly referred to as Orlando. The greater Orlando area’s current population is 1,225,267 and in 2015 was the first destination to surpass 60 million visitors. Orange County utilized grant funds to add to the growing demand for access to charging stations by installing one level 2 dual NovaCharge CT4021 electric vehicle charging station at the Orange County/University of Florida Cooperative Extension Center. The charging station is considered a “smart” charger connected to a central network operated by a third party. Data collected includes the number of charging sessions, session start and end times, the electricity usage, greenhouse gases saved and other pertinent data used for reporting purposes. Orange County continues to support the use of electric vehicles in Metro Orlando and this project continues to bring awareness to our public regarding using alternative vehicles. Additionally, we offer all visitors to the Orange County/University of Florida Cooperative Extension Center free charges for their electric vehicles 24 hours a day. Since the operation of the charging station there have been 52 unique driver users, a total of 532.2258 kg of greenhouse gas savings and 159.03 gallons of gasoline savings. The installation of the additional electric vehicle charging station is part of a county-wide goal of promoting implementation of renewable energy technologies as well as supporting the use of electric vehicles including the Drive Electric Orlando & Florida programs. http://driveelectricorlando.com/ & ; http://www.driveelectricflorida.org/ . Grant funds were also used for Outreach and Educational efforts. Educational efforts about renewable energy were accomplished through the continued support as well as a proposed expansion and potential relocation of the Climate Change Education Center. The growth of the Climate Change Education Center focused on 2 educational subsectors. The first educational sector focused on an apprenticeship with university students. The second sector Orange County partnered with a hospitality college that held seminars to educate students in sustainability best practices that would influence the industry as a whole as students take jobs around the U.S. and other parts of the world. Orange County completed five of the originally proposed six educational seminars. The first seminar focused on community based social marketing techniques for driving sustainable behavior changes. The second seminar held was a green team workshop. The third seminar focused on urban sustainability planning. The fourth and fifth seminars held were Florida Energy Code workshops for building inspectors. A sixth transit oriented development seminar in partnership with Rollins College was explored, but was not conducted because the proposed on campus venue was not accessible for an extended period of time due to renovations. Additionally, an ENERGY STAR training program was conducted with students from the University of Central Florida; three of the five buildings assessed received ENERGY STAR ratings; one student completed the training and received their certification as an ENERGY STAR Specialist. Background: Location: Orange County is located in the central region of the State of Florida and is most popularly known for including the City of Orlando. The greater Orlando area’s current population is 1,225,267 and is home to large corporations such as Walt Disney World, Universal Studios Orlando, Ritz Carlton, Darden Restaurants, and the nation’s second largest convention center. Opportunities Identified: Encouraging Sustainability in Major Sectors: The Central Florida economy is largely dependent on the hospitality industry and in 2015 it was the first destination to surpass 60 million visitors. With over 60 million visitors each year, 120,000 hotel rooms, 4,000 restaurants, and 75 theme parks and attractions, the local hospitality industry provided a wealth of opportunity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through building energy efficiency and renewable energy. Accordingly, Central Florida is an ideal training ground for teaching best practices for sustainability focused on the hospitality industry. Meeting the Growing Demand for Electric Vehicle Infrastructure: According to the 2014 U.S Clean Tech Leadership Index Report, nationwide electric vehicle ownership in the top 50 largest metro areas increased sharply in 2013; the Orlando Metro Area was ranked #5 in the nation in in terms of electric vehicle charging stations per one million people. Additionally, the Orange County 2014-2015 Annual Sustainable Orange County Report indicated there are 300 electric vehicle charging stations in Central Florida (roughly 300 charging stations within ~70 mile radius available to our residents of Orange County). By increasing and improving access to charging stations, Orange County supports the growing demand for renewable energy technologies. Project Achievements/Accomplishments: Installed an Electric Charging Station: Orange County utilized grant funds to install one level 2 dual NovaCharge CT4021 electric vehicle charging station at the Orange County/University of Florida Cooperative Extension Center. The charging station is considered a “smart” charger connected to a central network operated by a third party that monitors the number of charging sessions, session start and end times, the electricity usage, greenhouse gases saved and other pertinent data. During the six months of operation of the charging station there have been 52 unique driver users of the charging station; a total of 532.2258 kg of greenhouse gas savings and 159.03 gallons of gasoline savings. Operation and Potential Relocation of the Orange County Climate Change Education Center: The Climate Change Education Center, originally located within the Orange County Convention Center, served as a central place to inform and educate commercial and residential sectors of environmental, health, and economic benefits of renewable energy, energy efficiency, and greenhouse gas emission reductions. Grant funds were used to pay for the rent required to maintain a lease at the Convention Center, conduct five educational workshops, and for planned upgrades to the Center displays highlighting a number of energy efficiency and renewable energy projects implemented at the Orange County Convention Center and Downtown Orange County. An initial design concept for an upgraded Climate Change Education Center and educational displays was proposed. However, after the Convention Center determined the space occupied by the Climate Change Education Center; a feasibility study for relocation to the proposed area was conducted in October 2013. In December 2013, it was determined that the desired location of the for the Climate Change Education Center at the Orange County Extension Education Center provided too many construction challenges for relocation with too many building retrofits and access problems, including lack of access for loading and unloading exhibits as well as roof drainage relocations and sewer service connection issues. Another suitable location for relocating the Climate Change Education Center could not be located so the project was terminated. The Climate Change Education Center is no longer in existence in Orange County and has been eliminated. Grant funds were used to pay for marketing services for a state wide marketing program including solar & other renewable energy technologies for rebranding and developing marketing materials including web site design and updating. A website was maintained and updated the www.PowerUpGreenEnergy.com website (no longer in service). Sustainability Training for the Hospitality Industry and Major Sectors: To introduce energy efficiency and renewable energy concepts to the hospitality industry, Orange County partnered with a hospitality college that held seminars to educate students in sustainability best practices that would influence the industry as a whole as students take jobs around the U.S. and other parts of the world. Orange County completed five of the originally proposed six education seminars. Seminar topics included: driving sustainable behavior change through community based social marketing; green team programs; urban sustainability planning; and Florida Energy Code workshops for building inspectors. In partnership with Rollins College, a sixth seminar focused on transit-oriented development was explored, but was not conducted due to extended renovations at the proposed on-campus venue. Green Job Training Development: To promote green industry development and on-the-job training in occupations that encourage energy efficiency and resource reduction, Orange County piloted an ENERGY STAR training and apprenticeship program with students from the University of Central Florida; three students applied for the program; one student completed the training and received their certification as an ENERGY STAR specialist; three of the five buildings assessed received ENERGY STAR Ratings.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Opening the Door to Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings with Energy Codes

Building codes represent standard design practice in the construction industry and must continually evolve to account for advancing technologies and innovative practices. Energy codes have historically focused on energy efficiency within buildings and across their systems. However, many of tomorrow's technologies go beyond efficiency and target increased flexibility. These demand flexibility (DF) measures can postpone or reduce building electric load based on price or other grid signals, and include smart appliances, connected lighting, and connected mechanical systems. Expanding codes to enable such grid-interactive efficient building (GEB) has the potential to influence their realization at scale, which will support renewable-energy grid-integration and building-sector decarbonization. However, considering DF measures in code development creates a new set of challenges for codes and the practices contained therein. This paper considers the role of building energy codes in enabling GEB. Specifically, it reviews the status of demand flexibility (DF) measures in current commercial building energy code. It examines the national model code development process and identifies components barring the consideration and inclusion of DF measures - including code scope, characterization and analysis of proposed new prescriptive measures, and accounting for time-of-day and geographic differences in their benefits. The paper presents findings from code development analyses that indicate the cost benefit of DF measures and the limitations associated with current code development conventions. To encourage building flexibility and improved energy resilience moving forward, recommendations are made for removing code development barriers and sanctioning DF measure consideration in future model codes.

Building Energy Codes and Standards, Grid-Interact↗
DOE OSTI2017

Enhanced visible to near infrared downshifting in Ce{sup 3+}/Yb{sup 3+}-co-doped yttrium aluminum garnet through Pr{sup 3+} doping

Graphical abstract: In order to achieve improved near infrared downshifting, we have investigated the effect of Pr{sup 3+} doping on the energy transfer efficiency from Ce{sup 3+} to Yb{sup 3+} in the YAG host. - Highlights: • Synthesis and characterization of tri-doped Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12} (YAG). • Efficient energy transfer in YAG:Ce{sup 3+}, Pr{sup 3+}, Yb{sup 3+}. • Discussion of mechanism of energy transfer in tri-doped host. • Potential application in c-Si solar cell. - Abstract: Novel YAG:Ce{sup 3+}, Pr{sup 3+}, Yb{sup 3+} phosphors were synthesized using a high temperature solid state reaction method. The XRD patterns revealed that the obtained samples belong to the single phase YAG. The optical spectra demonstrated that Pr{sup 3+} could be a bridge to facilitate the energy transfer from Ce{sup 3+} to Yb{sup 3+} in the YAG host. Blue light excited Ce{sup 3+} and a yellow emission from Ce{sup 3+} together with a near infrared emission of Yb{sup 3+} was obtained. The effect of Pr{sup 3+} doping on the energy transfer efficiency was explored. When the doping concentration of Pr{sup 3+} increased, the yellow emission intensities of Ce{sup 3+} decreased and the near infrared emission intensity of Yb{sup 3+} increased monotonously. Hence, the efficiency of energy transfer from Ce{sup 3+} to Yb{sup 3+} is enhanced by the addition of Pr{sup 3+}, implying that the YAG:Ce{sup 3+}, Pr{sup 3+}, Yb{sup 3+} phosphors are promising downshifting materials and have the potential to be used in Si-based solar cells.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Existing Healthy Building Resources Overview

Fact sheet explores some of the most impactful resources to help building owners and operators understand more about buildings that are both healthy and energy-efficient.

energy efficiency↗
DOE OSTI2022

Electrifying High-Efficiency Future Communities: Impact on Energy, Emissions, and Grid

To combat climate change and meet decarbonization goals, the building sector is improving energy efficiency and electrifying end uses to reduce carbon emissions from fossil fuels. All-electric buildings are becoming a trend among new constructions, introducing opportunities for decarbonization but also technical challenges and research gaps. For instance, further investigation is needed to understand how the adoption of energy efficiency measures (EEMs) and distributed energy resources (DERs) in all-electric communities would affect energy consumption, carbon emissions, and grid planning. This paper presents a case study of a mixed-use, all-electric community located in Denver, Colorado. We use URBANopt TM , a physics-based urban energy modeling platform to model the community and then evaluate the impact of EEMs and DERs (i.e., photovoltaics [PV], electric vehicles [EVs], and batteries) on the community's energy usage, carbon emissions, and peak demand. The results show that adding EEMs and PV led to both energy consumption and carbon emissions reductions across all building types. However, we saw fairly limited impact of EEMs and PV on buildings' peak demand in our case. Additionally, due to overnight EV charging activities and higher grid carbon intensity at night, the carbon emissions in multifamily buildings have a noticeable increase compared to scenarios without vehicles. Finally, the addition of batteries helped reduce peak demand by 11%-29%. The modeling workflow and evaluation methods can be applied to similar communities to evaluate their performance and the effect of integrating EEMs and DERs.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2019

Hierarchical Assembly of Peptoid-Based Cylindrical Micelles Exhibiting Efficient Resonance Energy Transfer in Aqueous Solution

Herein we showthat by appending bulky b-cyclodextrin (CD) groups onto sheet-forming peptoids,weobtain cylindrical micelles that further assembly into membranes and intertwined ribbons on substrates in aqueous solution, depending on the choice of solution and substrate conditions.Insitu atomic force microscopy(AFM) shows that micelle assembly occurs in two steps,starting with “precursor” particles that transform into worm-like micelles,whichextend and coalesce to form the higher order structures with arate and adegree of cooperativity dependent on pH and Ca2+ concentration. After co-assembly with hydrophobic 4-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-7nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD) donors that occupyt he hydrophobic core,followed by exposure to hydrophilic Rhodamine Basacceptors that insert into cyclodextrin, the micelles exhibit highly efficient Fçrster resonance energy transfer efficiency in aqueous solution, thereby mimicking natural light harvesting systems.

Fçrster resonance energy transfer, hierarchical as↗