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DOE OSTI2025

Search for a Neutral Gauge Boson with Nonuniversal Fermion Couplings in Vector Boson Fusion Processes in Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt{𝑠}$ = 13 TeV

The first search for a heavy neutral spin-1 gauge boson (𝑍′) with nonuniversal fermion couplings produced via vector boson fusion processes and decaying to tau leptons or 𝑊 bosons is presented. The analysis is performed using LHC data at $\sqrt{𝑠}$ = 13 TeV, collected from 2016 to 2018 with the CMS experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1 . The data are consistent with the standard model predictions. Upper limits are set on the product of the cross section for production of the 𝑍′ boson and its branching fraction to 𝜏⁢𝜏 or 𝑊⁢𝑊. The presence of a 𝑍′ boson decaying to 𝜏 + ⁢𝜏 − (𝑊 + ⁢𝑊 − ) is excluded for masses up to 2.45(1.60) TeV, depending on the 𝑍′ boson coupling to standard model weak bosons, and assuming a 𝑍′→𝜏 + ⁢𝜏 − (𝑊 + ⁢𝑊 − ) branching fraction of 50%.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Model-independent search for pair production of new bosons decaying into muons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

The results of a model-independent search for the pair production of new bosons within a mass range of 0.21 < m < 60 GeV, are presented. This study utilizes events with a four-muon final state. We use two data sets, comprising 41.5 fb −1 and 59.7 fb −1 of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, recorded in 2017 and 2018 by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. The study of the 2018 data set includes a search for displaced signatures of a new boson within the proper decay length range of 0 < cτ < 100 mm. Our results are combined with a previous CMS result, based on 35.9 fb −1 of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV collected in 2016. No significant deviation from the expected background is observed. Results are presented in terms of a model-independent upper limit on the product of cross section, branching fraction, and acceptance. The findings are interpreted across various benchmark models, such as an axion-like particle model, a vector portal model, the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model, and a dark supersymmetric scenario, including those predicting a non-negligible proper decay length of the new boson. In all considered scenarios, substantial portions of the parameter space are excluded, expanding upon prior results.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Search for $t$-channel scalar and vector leptoquark exchange in the high-mass dimuon and dielectron spectra in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV

A search for t-channel exchange of leptoquarks (LQs) is performed in dimuon and dielectron spectra using proton-proton collision data collected at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1 . Eight scenarios are considered, in which up or down quarks couple to muons or electrons via a scalar or vector LQ exchange, for dilepton invariant masses above 500 GeV. The LQ masses are probed up to 5 TeV, beyond a regime probed by previous pair-production and single-production searches. The differential distributions of dilepton events are fit to templates that model the nonresonant LQ exchange and various standard model background processes. Limits are set on LQ-fermion coupling strengths for scalar and vector LQ masses in the 1–5 TeV range at 95% confidence level, establishing stringent limits on first- and second-generation LQs.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Constraints on the Higgs boson self-coupling from the combination of single and double Higgs boson production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV

The Higgs boson (H) trilinear self-coupling, λ 3 , is constrained via its measured properties and limits on the HH pair production using the proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV . The combination of event categories enriched in single-H and HH events is used to measure κ λ , defined as the value of λ 3 normalized to its standard model prediction, while simultaneously constraining the Higgs boson couplings to fermions and vector bosons. Values of κ λ outside the interval -1.2 < κ λ < 7.5 are excluded at 2σ confidence level, which is compatible with the expected range of -2.0 < κ λ < 7.7 under the assumption that all other Higgs boson couplings are equal to their standard model predicted values. Relaxing the assumption on the Higgs couplings to fermions and vector bosons the observed (expected) κ λ interval is constrained to be within -1.4 < κ λ < 7.8 (-2.3 < κ λ < 7.8) at 2σ confidence level.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Search for Higgs boson production in oppositely charged dilepton and missing energy events in pp̄ collisions at √s=1.96 TeV

We present a search for the standard model Higgs boson using events with two oppositely charged leptons and large missing transverse energy as expected in H→WW decays. The events are selected from data corresponding to 8.6 fb⁻¹ of integrated luminosity in pp̄ collisions at √s=1.96 TeV collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. No significant excess above the standard model background expectation in the Higgs boson mass range this search is sensitive to is observed, and upper limits on the Higgs boson production cross section are derived.

Abazov, V. M.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Beam Dynamics Challenges in the Muon g-2 Experiment

The muon&s;s anomalous magnetic moment $a_{\mu}$ has hinted at physics beyond the standard model for nearly 20 years. The Muon $g-2$ experiment at Fermilab aims to measure $a_{\mu}$ to 140 parts per billion (ppb) precision. The 460 ppb result from its first data run (Run-1), released in 2021, agreed with the previous 2006 Brookhaven Muon $g-2$ result. The experimental average stands in tension with the standard model theory $a_{\mu}$ prediction by $4.2 \sigma$. The result of Run-2/3 data analysis is set be released in summer 2023, and will improve on the Run-1 precision by a factor of two. With the data collected in all six runs, the experiment is on track to produce a 140 ppb measurement of $a_{\mu}$. If the experiment and theory central values are both unchanged, the tension would exceed $5 \sigma$. The measurement is accomplished by injecting muons into a magnetic storage ring and precisely measuring two observable frequencies: $\omega_a$, the muons&s; anomalous precession frequency, and $\tilde{\omega}&s;_p$, the precession frequency of protons which determines the magnetic field strength experienced by the muons. This thesis presents a selection of muon beam dynamics effects which are critical for reaching the experiment precision goal. A system of detectors assists with the challenging beam injection into the storage ring, and a measurement of the injected beam provides input for simulating the stored beam dynamics. A new method is introduced to reduce a critical systemic caused by time dependence in the stored beam momentum, enabled by a detector which directly profiles the stored beam. Finally the analysis of $\tilde{\omega}&s;_p$, the muon-weighted magnetic field, for the Run-2/3 result is presented. Systematics of $\tilde{\omega}&s;_p$ due to beam effects are evaluated in detail, and shown to be sub-dominant.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Measurement of simplified template cross sections of the Higgs boson produced in association with W or Z bosons in the H → b b ¯ decay channel in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV

Differential cross sections are measured for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with vector bosons (W, Z) and decaying to a pair of b quarks. Measurements are performed within the framework of the simplified template cross sections. The analysis relies on the leptonic decays of the W and Z bosons, resulting in final states with 0, 1, or 2 electrons or muons. The Higgs boson candidates are either reconstructed from pairs of resolved b-tagged jets, or from single large-radius jets containing the particles arising from two b quarks. Proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ =13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment in 2016–2018 and corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 138 fb -1 , are analyzed. The inclusive signal strength, defined as the product of the observed production cross section and branching fraction relative to the standard model expectation, combining all analysis categories, is found to be μ = $1.15^{+0.22}_{-0.20}$. This corresponds to an observed (expected) significance of 6.3 (5.6) standard deviations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

XXVIIth International Conference on Supersymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions (SUSY 2019) (Final Report)

Supersymmetry (SUSY) is one of most elegant extensions of the Standard Model (SM) and explains the puzzles of the SM by providing a candidate to explain the dark matter content of the universe, allowing scientists to understand the origin of the electroweak scale requiring the top mass to be around 170 GeV and leading to the unification of forces at a grand unified scale. Further the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) predicts the Higgs boson mass to be less than 135 GeV. The discovery of the Higgs Boson with mass around 125 GeV at the LHC has provided a major support to SUSY ideas. Searches for SUSY are ongoing at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Direct and indirect dark matter experiments are searching for a particle dark matter candidate which arises most naturally in SUSY models. Proton decay predicted by SUSY grand unified theories is being searched for at deep underground experiments. In addition, recent advances in neutrino and dark matter physics, observational astrophysics, precision cosmology and the promising new window into the cosmos opened by the direct detection of gravitational waves, have brought new ideas on the potential connections between new fundamental particles and our understanding of their impact on the early universe and its evolution. At present, the major questions include: Is SUSY still the best candidate for models beyond the SM? Do we have any well motivated alternative to SUSY? Have we exhausted all possibilities to search for new physics at high and low energy scales? XXVIIth International Conference on Supersymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions (SUSY 2019), hosted by Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi during May 20-24, 2019, provided a unique venue to discus and understand the status of SUSY, connection between particle physics and cosmology, supersymmetry and its alternative, Higgs sector, neutrino sector, flavor sector, dark matter, electroweak phase transition, astroparticle physics, gravitational waves and string theory. Discussion of results from the LHC, recent neutrino experiments and observations, direct and indirect dark matter detection experiments, detection of gravitational waves, data from particle colliders, as well as measurements of the CMB and Large Scale Structure were an integral part of SUSY 2019. To ensure the younger participants will benefit from the conference the most, the conference was preceded by the 4 day long pre-SUSY summer school for graduate students and postdocs. The invited speakers were leading scientists in the fields of SUSY interest. The school took place on Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi campus during the week prior the SUSY 2019 conference (May 15 – 18, 2019). Since its inception in 1993, SUSY has become one of the most important and widely attended international meetings in high energy physics, devoted to new ideas in fundamental particle physics. SUSY 2019 brought together approximately 250 scientists, theorists, phenomenologists, experimentalists and cosmologists, (including over 60 graduate students and 70 postdocs) representing 22 nations: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Peru, Portugal, Romania, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, United Kingdom and United States. SUSY 2019 provided a stimulating venue for the exchange of scientific ideas among experts in dark matter, neutrino physics, particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. The following scientific topics were delivered during SUSY 2019 in form of 44 plenary talks and over 200 parallel talks: Unification of Forces; Electroweak, Top and Higgs Physics; Precision Calculations and MC tools; BSM in Flavor Physics; Neutrino Masses: Models and Phenomenology; Cosmology and Gravitational Waves; Dark Matter, Astroparticle Physics; Formal Field Theory and Strings; Alternatives to Supersymmetry; Quantum Information: Machine Learning/Big Data. 28 talks were given during the pre-SUSY program related to the following topics: Neutrino Physics; Big Data; Collider Physics & SUSY; String Phenomenology; Cosmology; Dark Matter; SUSY Models and Phenomenology

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Fermionic dark matter in a simple t-channel model

We consider a fermionic dark matter (DM) particle in renormalizable Standard Model (SM) gauge interactions in a simple t-channel model. The DM particle interactions with SM fermions is through the exchange of scalar and vector mediators which carry colour or lepton number. In the case of coloured mediators considered in this study, we find that if the DM is thermally produced and accounts for the observed relic density almost the entire parameter space is ruled out by the direct detection observations. The bounds from the monojet plus missing energy searches at the Large Hadron Collider are less stringent in this case. In contrast for the case of Majorana DM, we obtain strong bounds from the monojet searches which rule out DM particles of mass less than about a few hundred GeV for both the scalar and vector mediators.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Neutrino-Argon Cross Sections in MicroBooNE: Measurements Spanning Multiple Interaction Channels, Final States, and Neutrino Fluxes

Neutrinos are one of the most elusive particles in the Standard Model of particle physics due to their tiny interaction cross section, which makes them challenging to detect and study. There are three known flavors of neutrinos, and any given neutrino probabilistically oscillates between them as a function of the particle's energy and propagation distance. Experimental characterization of these oscillations elucidates fundamental properties of the neutrino and the Standard Model. Meeting the precision goals of ongoing and future oscillation measurements requires detailed modeling of the way neutrinos interact with nuclear matter. Precision modeling of these interactions is a challenging theoretical problem, rich with intricate physics effects to explore, and requires input from equally precise measurements of neutrino-nucleus interaction cross sections spanning a broad range of scattering channels. To fill this need, there is an ongoing multi-experiment effort to measure these cross sections across energies, interaction channels, and nuclear targets. This thesis describes three analyses reporting neutrino-argon cross section measurements with data from the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber detector. These span multiple interaction channels, final state topologies, and neutrino fluxes. The first analysis is a set of inclusive charged current muon neutrino cross section measurements for final states with and without protons, which provides a unique view of the hadronic final state produced in these interactions. Second is a set of cross section measurements for neutral current neutral pion production, which provides a vital dataset on this under-characterized channel. Third is significant progress on measuring neutrinos produced by kaons decaying at rest, which represents a unique opportunity to measure cross sections with a mono-energetic flux of neutrinos. These measurements are accompanied by a modeling study in the GiBUU theory framework, which probes the sensitivity of the muon neutrino and pion production measurements to the modeling of nucleon-nucleon final state interactions in neutrino-nucleus scattering.

Bogart, Benjamin [Michigan U.]↗
DOE OSTI2013

Search for new physics in events with photons, jets, and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV

A search for physics beyond the standard model involving events with one or more photons, jets, and missing transverse energy has been performed by the CMS experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.93 fb -1 of proton-proton collisions at TeV, produced at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess of events with large missing transverse energy is observed beyond expectations from standard model processes, and upper limits on the signal production cross sections for new physics processes are set at the 95% confidence level. The results of this search are interpreted in the context of three models of new physics: a general model of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking, Simplified Models, and a theory involving universal extra dimensions. In the absence of evidence for new physics, exclusion regions are derived in the parameter spaces of the respective models.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Search for supersymmetry in events with at least one photon, missing transverse momentum, and large transverse event activity in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=13 $ TeV

A search for physics beyond the standard model in final states with at least one photon, large transverse momentum imbalance, and large total transverse event activity is presented. Such topologies can be produced in gauge-mediated supersymmetry models in which pair-produced gluinos or squarks decay to photons and gravitinos via short-lived neutralinos. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{−1}$ of proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=13 $ TeV recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016. No significant excess of events above the expected standard model background is observed. The data are interpreted in simplified models of gluino and squark pair production, in which gluinos or squarks decay via neutralinos to photons. Gluino masses of up to 1.50-2.00 TeV and squark masses up to 1.30-1.65 TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level, depending on the neutralino mass and branching fraction.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Weak scale as a trigger

Does the value of the Higgs mass parameter affect the expectation value of local operators in the Standard Model? For essentially all local operators the answer to this question is "no", and this is one of the avatars of the hierarchy problem: nothing is "triggered" when the Higgs mass parameter crosses zero. In this letter, we explore settings in which Higgs mass parameters $can$ act as a "trigger" for some local operators ${\cal O}_T$. In the Standard Model, this happens for ${\cal O}_T = {\rm Tr} (G \tilde G)$. We also introduce a "type-0" two Higgs doublet model, with a $Z_4$ symmetry, for which ${\cal O}_T = H_1 H_2$ is triggered by the Higgs masses, demanding the existence of new Higgs states necessarily comparable to or lighter than the weak scale, with no wiggle room to decouple them whatsoever. Surprisingly, this model is not yet entirely excluded by collider searches, and will be incisively probed by the high-luminosity run of the LHC, as well as future Higgs factories. We also discuss a possibility for using this trigger to explain the origin of the weak scale, invoking a landscape of extremely light, weakly interacting scalars $\phi_i$, with a coupling to ${\cal O}_T$ needed to make it possible to find vacua with small enough cosmological constant. The weak scale trigger links the tuning of the Higgs mass to that of the cosmological constant, while coherent oscillations of the $\phi_i$ can constitute dark matter.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Combined measurements of Higgs boson couplings in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {Te}\text {V} $

Combined measurements of the production and decay rates of the Higgs boson, as well as its couplings to vector bosons and fermions, are presented. The analysis uses the LHC proton-proton collision data set recorded with the CMS detector in 2016 at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The combination is based on analyses targeting the five main Higgs boson production mechanisms (gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and associated production with a W or Z boson, or a top quark-antiquark pair) and the following decay modes: H $\to$ $\gamma\gamma$, ZZ, WW, $\tau\tau$, bb, and $\mu\mu$. Searches for invisible Higgs boson decays are also considered. The best-fit ratio of the signal yield to the standard model expectation is measured to be $\mu$ $=$ 1.17 $\pm$ 0.10, assuming a Higgs boson mass of 125.09 GeV. Additional results are given for parametrizations with varying assumptions on the scaling behavior of the different production and decay modes, including generic ones based on ratios of cross sections and branching fractions or coupling modifiers. The results are compatible with the standard model predictions in all parametrizations considered. In addition, constraints are placed on various two Higgs doublet models.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Impact of indirect CP violation on Br( K S → μ + μ – ) ℓ=0

The decay K S → μ + μ – ) ℓ=0 , with the final muon pair in an angular-momentum zero state, is a sensitive probe of short-distance physics. It has recently been shown how to extract this branching ratio from neutral kaon decay data. We point out that the impact of indirect CP violation on the standard-model prediction of this mode, while nominally of order $\vert$ε K $\vert$ ~ 10 -3 , is enhanced by a large amplitude ratio and leads to a shift of the branching ratio Br( K S → μ + μ – ) ℓ=0 by a few percent, depending on the size of a relative phase that can be extracted from data. We also update the standard-model prediction of the short-distance contribution.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Current status of the light neutralino thermal dark matter in the phenomenological MSSM

In a previous publication, we studied the parameter space of the phenomenological minimal Supersymmetric standard model with a light neutralino thermal dark matter ( M χ ˜ 1 0 ≤ M h / 2 ) and observed that the recent results from the dark matter and collider experiments put strong constraints on this scenario. In this work, we present in detail the arguments behind the robustness of this result against scanning over the large number of parameters in phenomenological minimal Supersymmetric standard model. The Run 3 of LHC will be crucial in probing the surviving regions of the parameter space. We further investigate the impact of light staus on our parameter space and also provide benchmarks that can be interesting for Run 3 of LHC. We analyze these benchmarks at the LHC using the machine learning framework of . Finally, we also discuss the effect of nonstandard cosmology on the parameter space. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Barman, Rahool Kumar↗
DOE OSTI2012

Precision Measurements of Lifetime and $\bf CP$ Violation Phase in the $\bf B^{0}_{s}$ Meson with the DØ Detector

The Standard Model of Partice Physics (SM) is probably the most successful theory, regarding to his predictions. The SM prediction for $CP$ violation is not enough to explain the overwhelming asymmetry among the matter and anti-matter abundance. Measuring some process where $CP$ violation is different to the one predicted by the SM would be a clear signal for Physics Beyond the Standard Model. The SM prediction for the $CP$ violation phase, $\phi_{s}$, in the $B^{0}_{s}$ meson is practically equal to zero for the current experiments. This means that measuring a deviation from zero in $\phi_{s}$ could be an indication for Physics Beyond the SM. On the other hand, the approximation based on the ``heavy quark symmetry'' let approximated calculations of the fundamental quantities of those hadrons containing a heavy quark, $c,b,t$. These calculations are expressed as expansions on inverse powers of the heavy quark mass in such hadron. This formalism is called `` Heavy Quark Effective Theory'' (HQET), and has been successful predicting some properties of the heavy hadrons. The HQET prediction for the lifetime ratio the $B^{0}_{d}$ and $B^{0}_{s}$ is practically equal to one. So, measuring with good precision the $B^{0}_{s}$ lifetime is also a way to test an approximation based on the SM. In this thesis it is detailed presented the method to measure the $\phi_{s}$ and the lifetime ratio of the $B^{0}_{d}$ and $B^{0}_{s}$, among other quantities, with the DØ located in the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, in the United States.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗