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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1971

Rolling-element fatigue lives of through-hardened bearing materials.

Rolling-element fatigue tests were run with eight through-hardened bearing materials at 150 F. One-half in. dia balls of each material were run in five-ball fatigue testers. Care was taken to maintain constant all variables known to affect rolling-element fatigue life. The longest lives at 150 F were obtained with AISI 52100. Ten-percent lives of the other materials ranged from 7 to 78 percent of that obtained with 52100. A trend is indicated toward decreased rolling-element fatigue life with increased total weight percent of alloying elements. Three groups of 120-mm bore ball bearings made from AISI M-1, AISI M-50, and WB-49 were fatigue tested at an outer-race temperature of 600 F. The 10-percent lives of the M-50 and M-1 bearings exceeded the calculated AFBMA life by factors of 13 and 6, respectively. The bearings with WB-49 races showed lives less than AFBMA life. The results of the bearing tests at 600 F correlate well with the results of the five-ball fatigue data at 150 F.

Parker, R. J.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Annual Performance Testing of Tracer Gas Detectors for use in Radionuclide NESHAP Compliance Testing

Los Alamos National Laboratory’s (LANL’s) compliance with Radionuclide NESHAP0F 1 regulations is managed by the Radioactive Air Emissions Management (RAEM) team, part of LANL’s Compliance Programs group (EPC-CP). One area of the Radionuclide NESHAP addresses requirements for siting a stack sample system. Prior to commissioning a new stack sampling system, the ANSI Standard for stack sampling requires that the stack sample location must meet several criteria, including uniform mixing of tracer gas (sulfur hexafluoride, SF 6 ) and tracer aerosol (liquid oil droplets) in the air stream. This memorandum will specifically focus on the tracer gas portion of the ANSI Standard. For these mix tests, tracer gas is injected into the stack air stream and the resulting air concentrations are measured across the plane of the stack at the proposed sampling location. The coefficient of variation of the media concentration must be under 20% when evaluated over the central 2/3 area of the stack or duct.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

FLISR in the Presence of DERs ADMS Test Bed Use Case

Fault location, isolation, and restoration (FLISR) is one of the distribution automation applications that utilities are most interested in. It operates groups of switches on distribution feeders to improve the reliability of power delivery after localizing outages. FLISR is an essential function for enabling a self-healing grid, and it directly affects grid reliability and resilience. The presence of DERs brings both new opportunities and challenges for FLISR applications. For instance, some DERs can work as backup generation sources and help energize local networks so more switching options can be achieved with the coordination of FLISR operations; however, the existence of DERs also brings new challenges. The bidirectional power flow resulting from DERs might require dynamic changes to protective devices' fault current settings, and thus the FLISR application will need to dynamically adjust its operations in coordination with the dynamic protection settings. Also, some FLISR applications make their service restoration decisions and close tie-switches based on predefined rules; however, the presence of DERs and their impact on altering net loads on the local feeder network are not considered. For this use case, the project team is using the FLISR application of the Survalent ADMS operating on a real-time simulation of a feeder from Central Georgia EMC, a cooperative electric utility. The performance of the FLISR application is being evaluated for different locations and combinations of DERs, including grid-forming battery energy storage systems.

ADMS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Affinity of LDR Organics to Cementitious Materials: Sorption and Leaching Tests

SRNL is working to identify and test the physiochemical interactions of organic contaminants of potential concern with minerals in grout/cementitious materials. Organic species may interact with cementitious minerals including slag, fly ash, cement, and other components/dopants like carbon in fly ash. The identification of such interactions will support the solidification process design, performance assessments for the chemicals of concern, and a proposed Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) treatment variance specified for the Land Disposal Restriction (LDR) organics associated with Hanford tank waste. Inably expected to be present LDR organics associated with Hanford tank waste (RPP-RPT-63493, Rev 1a) was screened by functional groups, octanol-water partitioning coefficients, and detection frequency in Hanford tank waste samples. A subset of 10 compounds, spanning the identified properties, were tested using sorption and leachate tests. These compounds were subjected to traditional batch sorption tests and leaching tests on/from Cast Stone cementitious material with and without activated carbon (a potential organic adsorption additive). The interactions between organic compounds were observed in traditional batch sorption and modified Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) leachate tests for a surrogate Cast Stone material with and without an activated carbon addition. Specifically, phthalic acids (negatively charged) and 4-chloroaniline (polar) sorbed strongly to unmodified Cast Stone and a group of 3 phenolic compounds (2,4,6-Trichlorophenol, Pentachlorophenol, o-Cresol) were sorbed to and were retained by Cast Stone with a 1% activated carbon amendment.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRS2013

Hollow-Fiber Spacesuit Water Membrane Evaporator

The hollow-fiber spacesuit water membrane evaporator (HoFi SWME) is being developed to perform the thermal control function for advanced spacesuits and spacecraft to take advantage of recent advances in micropore membrane technology in providing a robust, heat-rejection device that is less sensitive to contamination than is the sublimator. After recent contamination tests, a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) micro porous hollow-fiber membrane was selected for prototype development as the most suitable candidate among commercial hollow-fiber evaporator alternatives. An innovative design that grouped the fiber layers into stacks, which were separated by small spaces and packaged into a cylindrical shape, was developed into a full-scale prototype for the spacesuit application. Vacuum chamber testing has been performed to characterize heat rejection as a function of inlet water temperature and water vapor back-pressure, and to show contamination resistance to the constituents expected to be found in potable water produced by the wastewater reclamation distillation processes. Other tests showed tolerance to freezing and suitability to reject heat in a Mars pressure environment. In summary, HoFi SWME is a lightweight, compact evaporator for heat rejection in the spacesuit that is robust, contamination- insensitive, freeze-tolerant, and able to reject the required heat of spacewalks in microgravity, lunar, and Martian environments. The HoFi is packaged to reject 810 W of heat through 800 hours of use in a vacuum environment, and 370 W in a Mars environment. The device also eliminates free gas and dissolved gas from the coolant loop.

Bue, Grant↗
DOE OSTI2014

Hybrid methods for cybersecurity analysis :

Early 2010 saw a signi cant change in adversarial techniques aimed at network intrusion: a shift from malware delivered via email attachments toward the use of hidden, embedded hyperlinks to initiate sequences of downloads and interactions with web sites and network servers containing malicious software. Enterprise security groups were well poised and experienced in defending the former attacks, but the new types of attacks were larger in number, more challenging to detect, dynamic in nature, and required the development of new technologies and analytic capabilities. The Hybrid LDRD project was aimed at delivering new capabilities in large-scale data modeling and analysis to enterprise security operators and analysts and understanding the challenges of detection and prevention of emerging cybersecurity threats. Leveraging previous LDRD research e orts and capabilities in large-scale relational data analysis, large-scale discrete data analysis and visualization, and streaming data analysis, new modeling and analysis capabilities were quickly brought to bear on the problems in email phishing and spear phishing attacks in the Sandia enterprise security operational groups at the onset of the Hybrid project. As part of this project, a software development and deployment framework was created within the security analyst work ow tool sets to facilitate the delivery and testing of new capabilities as they became available, and machine learning algorithms were developed to address the challenge of dynamic threats. Furthermore, researchers from the Hybrid project were embedded in the security analyst groups for almost a full year, engaged in daily operational activities and routines, creating an atmosphere of trust and collaboration between the researchers and security personnel. The Hybrid project has altered the way that research ideas can be incorporated into the production environments of Sandias enterprise security groups, reducing time to deployment from months and years to hours and days for the application of new modeling and analysis capabilities to emerging threats. The development and deployment framework has been generalized into the Hybrid Framework and incor- porated into several LDRD, WFO, and DOE/CSL projects and proposals. And most importantly, the Hybrid project has provided Sandia security analysts with new, scalable, extensible analytic capabilities that have resulted in alerts not detectable using their previous work ow tool sets.

Dunlavy, Daniel M.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Destructive PIE and Safety Testing of Six AGR-2 UO 2 Capsule 3 Compacts

The Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) Fuel Development and Qualification Program’s second irradiation experiment (AGR-2) was irradiated in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) from June 2010 to October 2013 (Collin 2014). The fuel compacts in this experiment held either tristructural isotropic (TRISO)-coated spherical kernels of uranium oxide (UO2) or TRISO-coated kernels containing both uranium carbide and uranium oxide phases (UCO). There were six separately monitored and controlled capsules in the AGR-2 test train. Capsule 3 held twelve compacts containing UO2-TRISO particles fabricated by BWX Technologies Nuclear Operations Group. The AGR-2 TRISO particles were fabricated in a pilot-scale fluidized-bed chemical vapor deposition (FB-CVD) furnace with a coating chamber inner diameter of 150 mm (Phillips, Barnes, and Hunn 2010), which was a change from the first irradiation experiment (AGR-1) particles that had been coated in a lab-scale FB-CVD coating system with a chamber inner diameter of 50 mm (Lowden 2006). The TRISO particles were overcoated with resinated graphite flake at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), and the overcoated particles were pressed into one-inch-long, half-inch-diameter cylinders (Hunn, Montgomery, and Pappano 2010). Each cylindrical compact held an average of 1,543 TRISO particles with 9.6% enriched UO2 kernels that had a nominal diameter of 500 μm (Hunn, Savage, and Silva 2012). Capsule 3 compacts were irradiated to average calculated burnups of 9.01–10.69% fissions per initial metal atom (FIMA), and the average calculated fluences of fast neutrons with energies E n > 0.18 MeV were 3.05–3.53×10 25 n/m 2 (Sterbentz 2014). The calculated time-average, volume-average Capsule 3 compact temperatures were 996–1,062°C. However, Capsule 3 compact temperatures varied several hundred degrees across each compact, and the timeaverage minimum (TA min ) and time-average maximum (TA max ) temperatures were between 889–999°C and 1,072–1,105°C, respectively (Hawkes 2014). After irradiation, the AGR-2 test train was transferred from ATR to the INL Materials and Fuels Complex for inspection and disassembly (Ploger, Demkowicz, and Harp 2015). The initial inspection included dimensional metrology of the compacts and graphite fuel holders. Like all the AGR-2 compacts, the compacts in Capsule 3 shrank slightly during irradiation, as expected, with an average length reduction of 1.07–1.24% and an average diameter reduction of 0.13–0.41%. Post-irradiation examination (PIE) of the capsule components was completed to measure select fission products ( 90 Sr, 110m Ag, 134 Cs, 137 Cs, 144 Ce, and 154 Eu) outside the compacts (Stempien and Demkowicz 2020). This involved gamma counting of the graphite and graphoil spacers at the top and bottom of each capsule, acid leaching for radiochemical analysis of fission products on the metallic capsule components, and burn-leach analysis of the graphite holders. The total amount of 110mAg measured on the Capsule 3 components was 13% of the calculated capsule inventory. This was significantly lower than the amount of 110m Ag measured on the three UCO capsule components, which ranged from 32–70%. The lower 110m Ag release in Capsule 3 was likely due to lower peak temperatures compared with the UCO fuel capsules (Hawkes 2014). Measured inventories of the other select fission products were also lower in Capsule 3.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
NASA NTRS2001

Sensor Applications at Kennedy Space Center (KSC)

Transducers used at KSC (Kennedy Space Center), in support of processing and launch of flight vehicles and payloads, are designed and tested to meet specific program requirements. Any equipment, transducer or support instrumentation in direct contact or in support to flight vehicle operations is considered ground support equipment (GSE) and required to meet strict program requirements (i.e. Space Shuttle Program, Space Station Program, Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicles, etc.) Transducers used in KSC applications are based on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) transducers and sensors. In order to fully meet KSC requirements, these transducers evolve from standard COTS to modified COTS. The Transducer and Data Acquisition Group of the Instrumentation Branch at Kennedy Space Center is responsible for providing the technical expertise as well as qualification-testing capability to transform these COTS transducers in modified COTS suitable for use around flight hardware.

Perotti, Jose M.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Evolutionary consequences of nascent multicellular life cycles

A key step in the evolutionary transition to multicellularity is the origin of multicellular groups as biological individuals capable of adaptation. Comparative work, supported by theory, suggests clonal development should facilitate this transition, although this hypothesis has never been tested in a single model system. We evolved 20 replicate populations of otherwise isogenic clonally reproducing ‘snowflake’ yeast (Δace2/∆ace2) and aggregative ‘floc’ yeast (GAL1p::FLO1 /GAL1p::FLO1) with daily selection for rapid growth in liquid media, which favors faster cell division, followed by selection for rapid sedimentation, which favors larger multicellular groups. While both genotypes adapted to this regime, growing faster and having higher survival during the group-selection phase, there was a stark difference in evolutionary dynamics. Aggregative floc yeast obtained nearly all their increased fitness from faster growth, not improved group survival; indicating that selection acted primarily at the level of cells. In contrast, clonal snowflake yeast mainly benefited from higher group-dependent fitness, indicating a shift in the level of Darwinian individuality from cells to groups. Through genome sequencing and mathematical modeling, we show that the genetic bottlenecks in a clonal life cycle also drive much higher rates of genetic drift—a result with complex implications for this evolutionary transition. Our results highlight the central role that early multicellular life cycles play in the process of multicellular adaptation.

Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics↗
DOE OSTI2024

A goldilocks computational protocol for inhibitor discovery targeting DNA damage responses including replication-repair functions

While many researchers can design knockdown and knockout methodologies to remove a gene product, this is mainly untrue for new chemical inhibitor designs that empower multifunctional DNA Damage Response (DDR) networks. Here, we present a robust Goldilocks (GL) computational discovery protocol to efficiently innovate inhibitor tools and preclinical drug candidates for cellular and structural biologists without requiring extensive virtual screen (VS) and chemical synthesis expertise. By computationally targeting DDR replication and repair proteins, we exemplify the identification of DDR target sites and compounds to probe cancer biology. Our GL pipeline integrates experimental and predicted structures to efficiently discover leads, allowing early-structure and early-testing (ESET) experiments by many laboratories. By employing an efficient VS protocol to examine protein-protein interfaces (PPIs) and allosteric interactions, we identify ligand binding sites beyond active sites, leveraging in silico advances for molecular docking and modeling to screen PPIs and multiple targets. A diverse 3,174 compound ESET library combines Diamond Light Source DSI-poised, Protein Data Bank fragments, and FDA-approved drugs to span relevant chemotypes and facilitate downstream hit evaluation efficiency for academic laboratories. Two VS per library and multiple ranked ligand binding poses enable target testing for several DDR targets. This GL library and protocol can thus strategically probe multiple DDR network targets and identify readily available compounds for early structural and activity testing to overcome bottlenecks that can limit timely breakthrough drug discoveries. By testing accessible compounds to dissect multi-functional DDRs and suggesting inhibitor mechanisms from initial docking, the GL approach may enable more groups to help accelerate discovery, suggest new sites and compounds for challenging targets including emerging biothreats and advance cancer biology for future precision medicine clinical trials.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Radioxenon Detection for Monitoring Subsurface Nuclear Explosion

The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) bans the testing of nuclear weapons anywhere on the earth (atmospheric, surface, underwater and subsurface). Identification of nuclear explosions in the atmosphere, surface, and underwater is relatively straightforward considering a wide range of signatures resulting from such an event. However, for a subsurface explosion, most of the signatures traditionally associated with a nuclear explosion are not readily available. Therefore, the international community has increasingly relied on the atmospheric measurement of noble gases to identify subsurface nuclear weapon explosions. This chapter initially covers the basic principles of subsurface nuclear explosion identification and the importance of detecting radioxenon. This is followed by reviewing some of the early radioxenon detection systems that were developed by research groups around the world in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The detection media employed, results from laboratory and field testing, and some challenges/drawbacks for these systems are detailed. The next section of the chapter is dedicated to innovative detector concepts that have emerged in the past ten to fifteen years using novel detection material, algorithms, and signal readout techniques. The advances achieved in terms of energy resolution, coincidence detection efficiencies, system performance, and the minimum detectable concentration are covered. The final section goes over some of the potential improvements that can be incorporated in the design to enhance detector sensitivity and new detection material that can be explored in the field of radioxenon detection.

Gadey, Harish Reddy↗
DOE OSTI2018

All arthroscopic remnant-preserving reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle: A biomechanical study and clinical application

Highlights: • Two surgical techniques of ATFL and CFL reconstruction produce similar the strength and stiffness • The strength and stiffness of reconstructed ATFL and CFL are weaker than the intact, uninjured ATFL and CFL. • All arthroscopic remnant-preserving reconstruction of ATFL and CFL has good short-term clinical effect. Lateral ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries in sports. Recently, arthroscopic lateral ligament reconstruction has been recently advocated, however no biomechanical studies and clinical application of this technique are available. In this biomechanical study, eighteen fresh-frozen cadaveric ankles were randomized into three groups: (1) intact anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), (2) arthroscopic anatomic reconstruction of ATFL and CFL, and (3) all arthroscopic remnant-preserving reconstruction of ATFL and CFL. The specimens were then tested for stiffness and load to ultimate failure using a customized jig. In biomechanical test, the all arthroscopic remnant-preserving reconstruction of ATFL and CFL produced a reconstruction that could withstand loads to failure and stiffness similar to the arthroscopic anatomic reconstruction. However, both two reconstruction groups were much weaker than the intact, uninjured ATFL and CFL. Moreover, we used the technique of all arthroscopic remnant-preserving reconstruction of ATFL and CFL on 20 patients from September 2016 to September 2017. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores and Anterior Talar Translation (ATT) were applied for statistical collection at preoperative and postoperative 12 months to evaluate clinical efficacy. The differences of the preoperative and postoperative 12 months AOFAS scores and ATT of patients were both statistical significant (P < 0.01). We confirmed that all arthroscopic remnant-preserving reconstruction of ATFL and CFL exhibited positive effect, thus promoting the recovery of ankle function and had good short-term clinical effect.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1990

The effects of deuterium on static posture control

A significant operational problem impacting upon the Space Shuttle program involves the astronaut's ability to safely egress from the Orbiter during an emergency situation. Following space flight, astronauts display significant movement problems. One variable which may contribute to increased movement ataxia is deuterium (D2O). Deuterium is present in low levels within the Orbiter's water supply but may accumulate to significant physiological levels during lengthy missions. Deuterium was linked to a number of negative physiological responses, including motion sickness, decreased metabolism, and slowing of neural conduction velocity. The effects of D2O on static postural control in response to a range of dosage levels were investigated. Nine sugjects were divided into three groups of three subjects each. The groups were divided into a low, medium, and a high D2O dosage group. The subjects static posture was assessed with the use of the EquiTest systems, a commercially available postural control evaluation system featuring movable force plates and a visual surround that can be servoed to the subject's sway. In addition to the force plate information, data about the degree of subject sway about the hips and shoulders was obtained. Additionally, surface electromyographic (EMG) data from the selected lower limb muscles were collected along with saliva samples used to determine the amount of deuterium enrichment following D2O ingestion. Two baseline testing sessions were performed using the EquiTest testing protocol prior to ingestion of the D2O. Thirty minutes after dosing, subjects again performed the tests. Two more post-dosing tests were run with an interest interval of one hour. Preliminary data anlaysis indicates that only subjects in the igh dose group displayed any significant static postural problems. Future analyses of the sway and EMG is expected to reveal significant variations in the subject's postural control strategy following D2O dosing. While functionally significant static postural problems were not commonly observed, subjects in both the medium and high dosage groups displayed significant, and in some cases, severe voluntary movement problems.

Layne, Charles S.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes in high-grade cervical precancer and invasive cervical cancer from cancer registries before and after vaccine introduction in the United States

Background. US population-based cancer registries can be used for surveillance of human papillomavirus (HPV) types found in HPV-associated cancers. Using this framework, HPV prevalence among high-grade cervical precancers and invasive cervical cancers were compared before and after HPV vaccine availability. Methods. Archived tissue from 2 studies of cervical precancers and invasive cervical cancers diagnosed from 1993-2005 (prevaccine) were identified from 7 central cancer registries in Florida; Hawaii; Iowa; Kentucky; Louisiana; Los Angeles County, California; and Michigan; from 2014 through 2015 (postvaccine) cases were identified from 3 registries in Iowa, Kentucky, and Louisiana. HPV testing was performed using L1 consensus polymerase chain reaction analysis. HPV-type–specific prevalence was examined grouped by hierarchical attribution to vaccine types: HPV 16, 18, HPV 31, 33, 45, 52, 58, other oncogenic HPV types, and other types/HPV negative. Generalized logit models were used to compare HPV prevalence in the prevaccine study to the postvaccine study by patient age, adjusting for sampling factors. Results. A total of 676 precancers (328 prevaccine and 348 postvaccine) and 1140 invasive cervical cancers (777 prevaccine and 363 postvaccine) were typed. No differences were observed in HPV-type prevalence by patient age between the 2 studies among precancers or invasive cancers. Conclusions. The lack of reduction in vaccine-type prevalence between the 2 studies is likely explained by the low number of cases and low HPV vaccination coverage among women in the postvaccine study. Monitoring HPV-type prevalence through population-based strategies will continue to be important in evaluating the impact of the HPV vaccine.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Effect of Alcohol Structure on the Kinetics of Etherification and Dehydration over Tungstated Zirconia

We report that linear and branched ether molecules have attracted recent interest as diesel additives and lubricants that can be produced from biomass-derived alcohols. In this study, tungstated zirconia was identified as a selective and green solid acid catalyst for the direct etherification of primary alcohols in the liquid phase, achieving ether selectivities of >94 % for C 6 –C 12 linear alcohol coupling at 393 K. The length of linear primary alcohols (C 6 –C 12 ) was shown to have a negligible effect on apparent activation energies for etherification and dehydration, demonstrating the possibility to produce both symmetrical and asymmetrical linear ethers. Reactions over a series of C 6 alcohols with varying methyl branch positions indicated that substituted alcohols (2°, 3°) and alcohols with branches on the β-carbon readily undergo dehydration, but alcohols with branches at least three carbons away from the -OH group are highly selective to ether. A novel model compound, 4-hexyl-1dodecanol, was synthesized and tested to further demonstrate this structure–activity relationship. Lastly, trends in the effects of alcohol structure on selectivity were consistent with previously proposed mechanisms for etherification and dehydration, and help to define possible pathways to selectively form ethers from biomass-derived alcohols.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Metabolic targeting with recombinant methioninase combined with palbociclib regresses a doxorubicin-resistant dedifferentiated liposarcoma

Highlights: • Ddedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is recalcitrant and has the lowest survival rate. • Determine the efficacy of rMETase combined with palbociclib (PAL) against a DOX-resistant DDLPS in a PDOX mouse model. • The combination of PAL and rMETase significantly regressed tumor volume. • The combination of rMETase and PAL could be developed clinically. Liposarcoma is the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma. Among the subtypes of liposarcoma, dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is recalcitrant and has the lowest survival rate. The aim of the present study is to determine the efficacy of metabolic targeting with recombinant methioninase (rMETase) combined with palbociclib (PAL) against a doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant DDLPS in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. A resected tumor from a patient with recurrent high-grade DDLPS in the right retroperitoneum was grown orthotopically in the right retroperitoneum of nude mice to establish a PDOX model. The PDOX models were randomized into the following groups when tumor volume reached 100 mm{sup 3}: G1, control without treatment; G2, DOX; G3, PAL; G4, recombinant methioninase (rMETase); G5, PAL combined with rMETase. Tumor length and width were measured both pre- and post-treatment. On day 14 after initiation, all treatments significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to the untreated control except DOX. PAL combined with rMETase was significantly more effective than both DOX, rMETase alone, and PAL alone. Combining PAL and rMETase significantly regressed tumor volume on day 14 after initiation of treatment and was the only treatment to do so. The relative body weight on day 14 compared with day 0 did not significantly differ between each treatment group. The results of the present study indicate the powerful combination of rMETase and PAL should be tested clinically against DDLPS in the near future.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

Synthesis, characterization and thermodynamic study of carbon dioxide adsorption on akaganéite

A mixture of akaganeite nanoparticles and sodium salts was synthesized and modi fied, first by washing, and then by Li exchange. The structural characterization of the produced materials was performed with: powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometry, Mossbauer spectros- € copy and magnetization measurements. Additionally low pressure nitrogen and high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption experiments were performed. The sum of the characterization information made possible to conclude that the produced akaganeite phases crystallized in a structure exhibiting the symmetry of the I2/m space group, where the measured equivalent spherical diameter of the akaganeite crystallites yielded 9 nm, as well, the tested phases exhibited a standard behaviour under heating and displayed a superparamagnetic behaviour. Finally the high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption experiments demonstrated a pressure-responsive framework opening event due to a structural transformation of the adsorbent framework induced by the guest molecules. This fact opens new applications for akaganeite as a high pressure adsorbent.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗