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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,729 records · Page 96
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-coated acoustic sensors for room temperature detection of carbon dioxide and methane

The integration of nanoporous materials such as metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with sensitive transducers can result in robust sensing platforms for monitoring gases and chemical vapors for a range of applications. Here, we report on an integration of the zeolitic imidazolate framework – 8 (ZIF-8) MOF with surface acoustic wave (SAW) and thickness shear mode quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) devices to monitor carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) under ambient conditions. The MOF was directly coated on the Y-Z LiNbO 3 SAW delay lines (operating frequency, f 0 = 436 MHz) and AT-cut quartz TSM resonators (resonant frequency, f 0 = 9 MHz) and the devices were tested for various gases in N 2 under ambient conditions. The devices were able to detect the changes in CO 2 or CH 4 concentrations with relatively higher sensitivity to CO 2 , which was due to its higher adsorption potential and heavier molecular weight. The sensors showed full reversibility and repeatability which were attributed to the physisorption of the gases into the MOF and high stability of the devices. Both types of sensors showed linear responses relative to changes in the binary gas compositions thereby allowing to construct calibration curves which correlated well with the expected mass changes in the sorbent layer based on mixed-gas gravimetric adsorption isotherms measured on bulk samples. For 200 nm thick films, the SAW sensitivities to CO 2 and CH 4 were 1.44 × 10 -6 /vol% and 8 × 10 -8 /vol%, respectively, against the QCM sensitivities 0.24 × 10-6/vol% and 1 × 10 -8 /vol%, respectively, which were evaluated as the fractional change in the signal. The SAW sensors were also evaluated for 100 nm–300 nm thick films, the sensitivities of which were found to increase with the thickness due to the increased number of pores for the adsorption of a larger amount of gases. Finally, in addition, the MOF-coated SAW delay lines had a good response in wireless mode, demonstrating their potential to operate remotely for the detection of the gases at emission sites across the energy infrastructure.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Ruthenium–nickel–nickel hydroxide nanoparticles for room temperature catalytic hydrogenation

Improving the utilization of metals in heterogeneous catalysts with excellent catalytic performance, high selectivity and good stability represents a major challenge. Herein a new strategy is disclosed by enabling a nanoscale synergy between a transition metal and a noble metal. A novel Ru/Ni/Ni(OH)2/C catalyst, which is a hybrid of Ru nanoclusters anchored on Ni/Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles (NPs), was designed, prepared and characterized. The Ru/Ni/Ni(OH)2/C catalyst exhibited a remarkable catalytic activity for naphthalene hydrogenation in comparison with existing Ru/C, Ni/Ni(OH)2/C and Ru–Ni alloy/C catalysts. This is mainly attributed to the interfacial Ru, Ni and Ni(OH)2 sites of Ru/Ni/Ni(OH)2/C, where hydrogen is adsorbed and activated on Ru while Ni transfers the activated hydrogen species (as a “bridge”) to the activated naphthalene on Ni(OH)2 sites, producing decalin through a highly effective pathway.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Crystal-on-crystal chips for in situ serial diffraction at room temperature

Recent developments in serial crystallography have been driven by two scientific goals – first, static structure determination from nano or microcrystals that are difficult for cryocrystallography, and second, direct observations of transient structural species in biochemical reactions at near atomic resolution.

Ren, Zhong↗
DOE OSTI2021

Room temperature facile synthesis of olivine-Co 2 SiO 4 nanoparticles utilizing a mechanochemical method

Co 2 SiO 4 is a ceramic pigment and promising battery material of significant technological interest, as well as a model end-member of one of the most important mineral families in the Earth's crust and upper mantle. All previously developed methods for synthesis of Co 2 SiO 4 require high-temperature processing, which promotes grain growth, while the nanocrystalline form is required for some important technological applications. Here, we report a successful method for synthesizing nanocrystalline Co 2 SiO 4 via a simple and inexpensive high-energy ball milling mechanochemical process. Products of the synthesis were characterized by a combination of XRD and TEM, and their crystal structures and elemental compositions are reported.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2010

Giant low frequency dielectric tunability in high-k Ba(Fe{sub 1/2}Nb{sub 1/2})O{sub 3} ceramics at room temperature

The effect of electric field on the dielectric properties of high-k Ba(Fe{sub 1/2}Nb{sub 1/2})O{sub 3} ceramics with different grain sizes is reported. A low frequency giant dielectric tunability (>85%) can be obtained under a bias field as low as 50 V/mm. The results suggest that the giant dielectric tunability originates from extrinsic contributions such as domain boundary and oxygen defect relaxations. These findings provide a clear understanding to the complicated dielectric response in a family of high-k ceramics and a key to the high tunability of nonferroelectrics under low electric fields, which is attractive for potential applications in tunable devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Recent advances in the microstructure design of materials for near room temperature magnetic cooling (invited)

Successful operation of a magnetic cooling device depends crucially on the performance of active magnetic refrigerant material. Extensive research activity has been concentrated on optimizing the magnetic properties of these materials by chemical composition modification. Here, it is shown how the design of appropriate microstructure can be used to control the magnetic properties as well as mechanical stability of refrigerant materials experiencing a first-order magnetic phase transition. In particular, introducing porosity in LaFe{sub 13-x}Si{sub x} alloys provides long-term stability by sacrificing only a small fraction of the magnetocaloric effect and results in the desired reduction of the magnetic and thermal hysteresis by a factor of 5, as compared to bulk alloys. Reducing crystallite size down to the nanometer range is shown to substantially lower magnetic hysteresis. On the other hand, the magnetocaloric effect is weakened by about 40% and 60% in alloys with grain size of 70 and 44 nm, respectively.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Cu-doped AlN: A possible spinaligner at room-temperature grown by molecular beam epitaxy?

Cu-doped AlN was prepared by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy on C-plane sapphire substrates. The growth conditions were investigated for different Cu to Al flux ratios from 1.0% to 4.0%. The formation of Cu-Al alloys on the surface was observed for all doping level. In contrast to Cu-doped GaN, all samples showed diamagnetic behavior determined by SQUID measurements.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗