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At least 1,729 records · Page 96

Local models of two-temperature accretion disc coronae – II. Ion thermal conduction and the absence of disc evaporation

We use local stratified shearing-box simulations with magnetic field-aligned thermal conduction to study an idealized model of the coupling between a cold, radiatively efficient accretion disc, and an overlying, hot, two-temperature corona. Evaporation of a cold disc by conduction from the hot corona has been proposed as a means of mediating the soft-to-hard state transitions observed in X-ray binary systems. We model the coronal plasma in our local disc patch as an MHD fluid subject to both free-streaming ion conduction and a parametrized cooling function that captures the collisional transfer of energy from hot ions to colder, rapidly cooling leptons. In all of our models, independent of the initial net vertical magnetic flux (NF) threading the disc, we find no evidence of disc evaporation. The ion heat flux into the disc is radiated away before conduction can heat the disc’s surface layers. When an initial NF is present, steady-state temperature, density, and outflow velocities in our model coronae are unaffected by conduction. Instead of facilitating disc evaporation, thermal conduction is more likely to feed the disc with plasma condensing out of the corona, particularly in flows without NF. Our work indicates that uncertainties in the amount of NF threading the disc hold far greater influence over whether or not the disc will evaporate into a radiatively inefficient accretion flow compared to thermal conduction. We speculate that a change in net flux mediates disc truncation/evaporation.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

A MAD Model for Gamma-Ray Burst Variability

Here we present a model for the temporal variability of long gamma-ray bursts during the prompt phase (the highly variable first 100 seconds or so), in the context of a magnet- ically arrested disk (MAD) around a black hole. In this state, sufficient magnetic flux is held on to the black hole such that it stalls the accretion near the inner region of the disk. The system transitions in and out of the MAD state, which we relate to the vari- able luminosity of the GRB during the prompt phase, with a characteristic timescale defined by the free fall time in the region over which the accretion is arrested. We present simple analytic estimates of the relevant energetics and timescales, and com- pare them to gamma-ray burst observations. In particular, we show how this model can reproduce the characteristic one second time scale that emerges from various analyses of the prompt emission light curve. Finally, we also discuss how our model can accommodate the potentially physically important correlation between a burst quiescent time and the duration of its subsequent pulse (Ramirez-Ruiz & Merloni 2001).

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

The role of magnetic field geometry in the evolution of neutron star merger accretion discs

ABSTRACT Neutron star mergers are unique laboratories of accretion, ejection, and r-process nucleosynthesis. We used 3D general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations to study the role of the post-merger magnetic geometry in the evolution of merger remnant discs around stationary Kerr black holes. Our simulations fully capture mass accretion, ejection, and jet production, owing to their exceptionally long duration exceeding 4 s. Poloidal post-merger magnetic field configurations produce jets with energies Ejet ∼ (4–30) × 1050 erg, isotropic equivalent energies Eiso ∼ (4–20) × 1052 erg, opening angles θjet ∼ 6–13°, and durations tj ≲ 1 s. Accompanying the production of jets is the ejection of $f_\mathrm{ej}\sim 30\!-\!40{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the post-merger disc mass, continuing out to times >1 s. We discover that a more natural, purely toroidal post-merger magnetic field geometry generates large-scale poloidal magnetic flux of alternating polarity and striped jets. The first stripe, of $E_\mathrm{jet}\simeq 2\times 10^{48}\, \mathrm{erg}$, Eiso ∼ 1051 erg, θjet ∼ 3.5–5°, and tj ∼ 0.1 s, is followed by ≳4 s of striped jet activity with $f_\mathrm{ej}\simeq 27{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. The dissipation of such stripes could power the short-duration gamma-ray burst (sGRB) prompt emission. Our simulated jet energies and durations span the range of sGRBs. We find that although the blue kilonova component is initially hidden from view by the red component, it expands faster, outruns the red component, and becomes visible to off-axis observers. In comparison to GW 170817/GRB 170817A, our simulations underpredict the mass of the blue relative to red component by a factor of few. Including the dynamical ejecta and neutrino absorption may reduce this tension.

Christie, I. M.↗

Electromagnetic response and emergent topological orders in transition metal dichalcogenide MoTe 2 bilayers

Twisted bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides, such as MoTe 2 , provide a versatile platform for exploring correlated topological phases. This work investigates the interplay between perpendicular magnetic and electric fields in tuning the electronic structure and emergent topological orders of twisted bilayer MoTe 2 (t-MoTe 2 ) across two distinct regimes: a low-twist-angle phase (θ ≈ 2.1°) hosting multiple Chern bands of identical Chern numbers per valley, and a higher-angle phase (θ ≈ 3.89°) featuring Haldane-like bands with opposite Chern numbers. Using a continuum model incorporating moiré potentials up to second harmonics, we compute the Hofstadter fractal spectra under applied fields, revealing Landau fan structures and magnetic-flux-dependent band topology. These fractal spectra are useful in studying emergent topological orders in terms of the composite fermion picture, where the statistical Chern-Simons flux is approximated as a uniform gauge field. We demonstrate that the system hosts both Jain-sequence fractional Chern insulators (FCIs) and non-Jain fractal FCIs with higher Chern numbers. As a result, the electric field suppresses composite fermion gaps and induces topological quantum phase transitions. Furthermore, our analysis extends to valley-contrasting flux attachment, proposing pathways to describe fractional quantum spin Hall states.

Anyons↗

Chiral spin liquid and quantum phase transition in the triangular-lattice Hofstadter-Hubbard model

Recent advances in moiré engineering motivate the study of lattice models of strongly correlated electrons subjected to substantial orbital magnetic flux. We analyze the triangular-lattice Hofstadter-Hubbard model at one-quarter flux quantum per plaquette and a density of one electron per site, where a chiral spin liquid phase may exist between weak-coupling integer quantum Hall and strong-coupling 120° antiferromagnetic phases. Here, we use matrix product state methods and analytical arguments to investigate this model compactified to cylinders of finite circumference. We uncover a glide particle-hole symmetry operation which, we argue, is spontaneously broken at the quantum Hall to spin liquid transition on odd-circumference cylinders. We numerically verify the spontaneous symmetry breaking and further demonstrate that this transition is associated with algebraic long-range correlations of various spin-singlet, charge-neutral operators. For even-circumference cylinders, the transition becomes a crossover associated with a large correlation length that grows substantially with circumference. Our findings suggest that in the two-dimensional limit, the transition to a chiral spin liquid phase is continuous and features critical fluctuations of the current.

Divic, Stefan [University of Pennsylvania, Philade↗

Many-body multivaluedness of particle-current variance in closed and open cold-atom systems

The quantum variance of an observable is a fundamental quantity in quantum mechanics and provides additional information other than the average itself. By examining the relation between the particle-current variance (δ J ) 2 and the average current J in both closed and open interacting fermionic systems, we show the emergence of a multivalued parametric curve between δ J and J due to interactions. As a closed system we consider the persistent current in a benzenelike lattice enclosing an effective magnetic flux and solve it by exact diagonalization. For the open system, the steady-state current flowing through a few lattice sites coupled to two particle reservoirs is investigated using a Lindblad equation. In both cases, interactions open a loop and change the topology of the corresponding δ J – J curve, showing that this effect is model independent. Here, we finally discuss how the predicted phenomenon can be observed in ultracold atoms, thus offering an alternative way of probing the dynamics of many-body systems.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Field, frequency, and temperature dependencies of the surface resistance of nitrogen diffused niobium superconducting radio frequency cavities

We investigate the rf performance of several single-cell superconducting radio-frequency cavities subjected to low temperature heat treatment in nitrogen environment. The cavities were treated at temperature 120 – 165 ° C for an extended period of time (24–48 h) either in high vacuum or in a low partial pressure of ultrapure nitrogen. The improvement in Q 0 with a Q rise was observed when nitrogen gas was injected at ∼ 300 ° C during the cavity cooldown from 800 ° C and held at 165 ° C , without any degradation in accelerating gradient over the baseline performance. The treatment was applied to several elliptical cavities with frequency ranging from 0.75 to 3.0 GHz, showing an improved quality factor as a result of low temperature nitrogen treatments. The Q rise feature is similar to that achieved by nitrogen alloying Nb cavities at higher temperature, followed by material removal by electropolishing. The surface modification was confirmed by the change in electronic mean free path and tuned with the temperature and duration of heat treatment. The decrease of the temperature-dependent surface resistance with increasing rf field, resulting in a Q rise, becomes stronger with increasing frequency and decreasing temperature. The data suggest a crossover frequency of ∼ 0.95 GHz above that the Q rise phenomenon occurs at 2 K. Some of these results can be explained qualitatively with an existing model of intrinsic field-dependence of the surface resistance with both equilibrium and nonequilibrium quasiparticle distribution functions. The change in the Q slope below 0.95 GHz may result from masking contribution of trapped magnetic flux to the residual surface resistance. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Adiabatic construction of hierarchical quantum Hall states

We propose an exact model of anyon ground states including higher Landau levels, and use it to obtain fractionally quantized Hall states at filling fractions ν = p/(p(m - 1) + 1) with m odd, from integer Hall states at ν = p through adiabatic localization of magnetic flux. For appropriately chosen two-body potential interactions, the energy gap remains intact during the process. The construction hence establishes the existence of incompressible states at these fillings.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Piezosuperconductivity: Novel effects in noncentrosymmetric superconductors

Here we study effects in noncentrosymmetric superconductors arising from their unique coupling of Cooper-pair condensate and elasticity. We show that although the much discussed Lifshitz coupling is not observable in a uniform bulk state, it strikingly endows dislocations with a fractional magnetic flux. We also predict a generation of voltage-free strain by a DC current in a P- and T-breaking Josephson junction. Viewing superconductors through the lens of higher-form symmetries we identify the Lifshitz coupling as a chemical potential for the approximately conserved winding number, drawing an analogy with pyroelectric insulators.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Characterization and classification of interacting ( 2 + 1 )-dimensional topological crystalline insulators with orientation-preserving wallpaper groups

While free fermion topological crystalline insulators have been largely classified, the analogous problem in the strongly interacting case has been only partially solved. In this work, we develop a characterization and classification of interacting, invertible fermionic topological phases in (2+1) dimensions with charge conservation, discrete magnetic translation and M-fold point group rotation symmetries, which form the group G f = U(1) f × Φ [Z 2 $\rtimes$Z M ] for M = 1,2,3,4, and 6. Φ is the magnetic flux per unit cell. We derive a topological response theory in terms of background crystalline gauge fields, which gives a complete classification of different phases and a physical characterization in terms of quantized response to symmetry defects. We then derive the same classification in terms of a set of real space invariants {$Θ^±_o$} that can be obtained from ground state expectation values of suitable partial rotation operators. We explicitly relate these real space invariants to the quantized coefficients in the topological response theory, and find the dependence of the invariants on the chiral central charge c – of the invertible phase. Finally, when Φ = 0 we derive an explicit map between the free and interacting classifications.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Antiferromagnetic Kondo lattice in the layered compound CePd 1 - x Bi 2 and comparison to the superconductor LaPd 1 - x Bi 2

ZrCuSi 2 -type CePd 1-x Bi 2 crystals were obtained from excess Bi flux. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal that CePd 1-x Bi 2 is a highly anisotropic antiferromagnet with transition temperature at 6 K, and a magnetic-field-induced metamagnetic transition at 5 T. An enhanced Sommerfeld coefficient of γ of 0.199 J-mol-Ce -1 K -2 obtained from specific heat measurements suggests a moderate Kondo effect in CePd 1-x Bi 2 . In addition to the antiferromagnetic peak the resistivity curve shows a shoulder-like behavior which could be attributed to the presence of Kondo effect and crystal-electric-field effects in this compound. Magnetoresistance and Hall effect measurements suggest an interplay between Kondo and crystal-electric-field effects which reconstructs the Fermi surface topology of CePd 1-x Bi 2 around 75 K. Electronic structure calculations reveal the Pd vacancies are important to the magnetic structure and enhance the crystal-electric-field effects which quench the orbital moment of Ce at low temperatures.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Thermal fluctuations of the Josephson current in a ring of superconducting grains

Thermal fluctuations of the Josephson current induced by the magnetic flux through a ring of N superconducting grains are studied. When a half-fluxon is threading the ring, I exhibits incoherent transitions between the two degenerate states due to thermal phase slips. In this study, we propose a numerical method to deal with both equilibrium and dynamic properties of Josephson systems. Computed transition rate has the form Γ = A(N) exp[-B(N)/T ], where B(N) agrees with the analytical result derived for the energy barrier associated with phase slips. In the nondegenerate case (e.g., at a quarter-fluxon) the equilibrium value of I decreases with T due to harmonic excitations and then gets destroyed by phase slips.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Tuning of strong nonlinearity in radio-frequency superconducting-quantum-interference-device meta-atoms

Strong nonlinearity of a self-resonant radio-frequency (rf) superconducting-quantum-interference-device (SQUID) meta-atom is explored via intermodulation (IM) measurements. Previous work in zero dc magnetic flux showed a sharp onset of IM response as the frequency sweeps through the resonance. A second onset at higher frequency was also observed, creating a prominent gap in the IM response. By extending those measurements to nonzero dc flux, different dynamics are revealed, including dc flux tunability of the aforementioned gaps and enhanced IM response near geometric resonance of the rf SQUID. These features observed experimentally are understood and analyzed theoretically through a combination of a steady-state analytical modeling and a full numerical treatment of the rf SQUID dynamics. The latter in addition predicts the presence of chaos in narrow parameter regimes. Here, the understanding of intermodulation in rf SQUID metamaterials is important for producing low-noise amplification of microwave signals and tunable filters.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Pinning time statistics for vortex lines in disordered environments

We study the pinning dynamics of magnetic flux (vortex) lines in a disordered type-II superconductor. Using numerical simulations of a directed elastic line model, we extract the pinning time distributions of vortex line segments. We compare different model implementations for the disorder in the surrounding medium: discrete, localized pinning potential wells that are either attractive and repulsive or purely attractive, and whose strengths are drawn from a Gaussian distribution; as well as continuous Gaussian random potential landscapes. Here, we find that both schemes yield power-law distributions in the pinned phase as predicted by extreme-event statistics, yet they differ significantly in their effective scaling exponents and their short-time behavior.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Intrinsic quantum anomalous Hall effect in the kagome lattice Cs 2 LiMn 3 F 12

In a kagome lattice, the time reversal symmetry can be broken by a staggered magnetic flux emerging from ferromagnetic ordering and intrinsic spin-orbit coupling, leading to several well-separated nontrivial Chern bands and intrinsic quantum anomalous Hall effect. Based on this idea and ab initio calculations, we propose the realization of the intrinsic quantum anomalous Hall effect in the single layer Cs 2 Mn 3 F 12 kagome lattice and on the (001) surface of a Cs 2 LiMn 3 F 12 single crystal by modifying the carrier coverage on it, where the band gap is around 20 meV. Furthermore, a simplified tight binding model based on the in-plane ddσ antibonding states is constructed to understand the topological band structures of the system.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Population Mixing in Asymmetric Magnetic Reconnection with a Guide Field

We investigate how population mixing leads to structured electron distribution functions in asymmetric guide-field magnetic reconnection based on particle-in-cell simulations. The change of magnetic connectivity patches populations from different inflow regions to form multicomponent distributions in the exhaust, illustrating the direct consequence of the breaking and rejoining of magnetic flux tubes. Finite Larmor radius (FLR) effects of electrons accelerated by the perpendicular electric fields result in crescent-type nongyrotropic distributions. A new type of nongyrotropy is found to be caused by the combined effects of the FLR and velocity dispersion of electrons accelerated by the parallel electric field. The patching together of populations and the effects of acceleration and the FLR form the first steps of mixing in the exhaust and separatrix regions.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

Fast low-to-high confinement mode bifurcation dynamics in a tokamak edge plasma gyrokinetic simulation

Transport barrier formation and its relation to sheared flows in fluids and plasmas are of fundamental interest in various natural and laboratory observations and of critical importance in achieving an economical energy production in a magnetic fusion device. Here we report the first observation of an edge transport barrier formation event in an electrostatic gyrokinetic simulation carried out in a realistic diverted tokamak edge geometry under strong forcing by a high rate of heat deposition. Here, the results show that turbulent Reynolds-stress-driven sheared E x B flows act in concert with neoclassical orbit loss to quench turbulent transport and form a transport barrier just inside the last closed magnetic flux surface.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗