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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,729 records · Page 96
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Field Demonstration of Residential DER Service-Oriented Load Participation

Amidst a concerning surge in power consumption during peak hours, coupled with heightened power grid instability, and driven by a growing demand for electricity, aggregations of Distributed Energy Resource are becoming a viable means for providing essential reliability services.Electric utility companies have proactively implemented Demand Response programs for decades. These programs employ Direct Load Control methods to enhance power grid stability, achieved by controlling customers’ Distributed Energy Resource during peak hours to reduce power consumption. However, a notable drawback of Direct Load Control has been high unenrollment rates of DR program participants due to customer discomfort.Therefore, the underlying issue of over-consumption persists. To address these concerns, this paper introduces a Service-Oriented Load Participation approach to providing grid services such as Demand Response. Leveraging a Service-Oriented Architecture, this method offers the advantage of efficient service management and provisioning within the system. The SOLP approach not only aims to reduce power consumption but also to maintain customer satisfaction by ensuring a comfortable grid service experience.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2015

Variable Neural Adaptive Robust Control: A Switched System Approach

Variable neural adaptive robust control strategies are proposed for the output tracking control of a class of multi-input multi-output uncertain systems. The controllers incorporate a variable-structure radial basis function (RBF) network as the self-organizing approximator for unknown system dynamics. The variable-structure RBF network solves the problem of structure determination associated with fixed-structure RBF networks. It can determine the network structure on-line dynamically by adding or removing radial basis functions according to the tracking performance. The structure variation is taken into account in the stability analysis of the closed-loop system using a switched system approach with the aid of the piecewise quadratic Lyapunov function. The performance of the proposed variable neural adaptive robust controllers is illustrated with simulations.

adaptive↗
DOE OSTI2020

Reduced-Order Parameterized Short-Circuit Current Model of Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Generators

The short-circuit response of inverter-interfaced distributed generators (IIDGs) is not adequately represented in many conventional protection studies. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of IIDG behavior during grid faults and proposes a more accurate reduced-order parameterized short-circuit current (RPSC) model of inverters. Typical inverter components are thoroughly investigated to identify those that play dominant roles during faults. The paper shows that the current limiter is the dominant factor for the steady-state fault-current of inverter; while the inverter filter along with the severity of the voltage disturbance largely determine the initial transient spike of inverter fault current. The proposed model is low-order and can be used in large scale simulations. The parameters of the proposed RPSC model can be extracted from laboratory experiments without requiring proprietary manufacturer information. The proposed fault-current model is analogous to the well-known synchronous machine model that segregates the inverter fault current into subtransient, transient, and steady-state fault currents. Finally, experimental and simulation tests are presented to validate the model.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2019

An Overview of Distributed Energy Resource (DER) Interconnection: Current Practices and Emerging Solutions

This guidebook provides an overview of key issues for utilities and utility regulators to consider as deployments of distributed energy resources (DER) increase, including what has been tried in the field and emerging good practices. Topics covered include: Interconnection Applications and Application Processing; Interconnection Standards; Advanced Inverters; Impact Screening and Evaluation; Estimating Future DER deployments; Distribution System Upgrades and Planning in a DER context; Cybersecurity; Storage and Solar plus Storage Interconnection; and Cost Allocation.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2019

Accelerating Systems Integration Standards (ACCEL)

This is the final report for a project to support the development of systems integration standards. The scope of work undertaken by the multi-laboratory team was to facilitate standards development and to help expedite the process in three important standards identified under the SunShot National Laboratory Multiyear Partnership (SuNLaMP) grid performance and reliability topic area.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Will Solar Panels Help When the Power Goes Out? Planning for PV Resilience

PV systems, like all energy systems, must chart a difficult course in order to improve resilience. They need to simultaneously withstand extreme conditions that cause grid power disruptions, be configured in a way that allows electricity to be delivered to meet the PV user's needs, and overcome disruptions arising from solar resource intermittency. Certain considerations reveal themselves as key to a PV system's resilience benefits. Choice of hardware is critical, as is site selection for the PV array. Voluminous evidence in a hurricane context demonstrates that durable hardware, properly maintained and sited, leads to PV systems surviving extreme weather with their functionality intact. Structurally weak or poorly maintained PV equipment, on the other hand, has demonstrated failures during extreme weather events. PV system stakeholders should ensure that best practices are followed for hardware procurement and siting. It is also important to understand that PV systems are not one-size-fits-all. While incorporating islanding capabilities and energy storage into the system's electrical topology will typically enhance resilience, the user's needs will determine the optimally resilient conformation of any given system. These factors - appropriate hardware, siting, maintenance, and system design - are the primary drivers of PV resilience. PV systems possess high potential for resilient energy generation due to their distributed, abundant, and free fuel supply, but the technology itself does not inherently lead to resilient outcomes. Realizing PV's potential for resilience requires consideration of these determinative factors.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

DOE Laboratory Support for DER and Inverter-Based Resource Integration Standards (ACCEL II) (Final Report)

This report documents efforts under a project that followed work completed under Accelerating Systems Integration Standards (ACCEL). In this continuation, the project team provided support for updates to critical standards for interconnection and interoperability of distributed energy resources at the distribution level. In addition, the project contributed to development of guidance for operational best practices of the bulk power system with high levels of DERs. Additional goals of the project were to inform and develop improved recommended practices and certification standards for end-to-end interoperability of DERs, utilizing Sandia laboratory assets when needed.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2023

GMLC Technical Assistance to States: DER Interconnection Workshop #2 [Slides]

NREL hosted this workshops to help state public utility commissions (PUCs) understand the materials and support available to assist in distributed energy resource (DER) interconnection activities. This workshop focused on "Modern DER Capabilities and Deployment Concerns" and included four speakers, whose material will be posted at https://www.nrel.gov/grid/ieee-standard-1547/workshops.html. The slides in this deck were for the facilitator to provide context to the attendees, as well as additional resources on the topics discussed.

1547↗
DOE OSTI2022

Study of Codes & Standards for Energy Storage Systems: A Report to Congress

The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (H.R. 3684, 2021) directed the Secretary of Energy to prepare a report identifying the existing codes and standards for energy storage technologies. The stated goals for the report are to enhance the safe development of energy storage systems by identifying codes that require updating and facilitation of greater conformity in codes across different types and usages of energy storage technologies. This paper will focus on the specific codes and standards for stationary energy storage systems (ESS).

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Guide to Developing Energy Services Interfaces

This document provides guidance to develop communications interfaces that are highly interoperable and adhere to a set of energy services interface (ESI) principles. It can be applied in the context of information and communications technology interface standards and implementation profiles that enable the integration of a facility with responsive distributed energy resources (DER) into an electric power system consistent with the fundamental ESI principles. In this context, a DER facility may consist of a single DER with a communicating controller or may be as complex as a microgrid campus with several buildings and many DERs. This document is not a technical interface standard, but the requirements described can be used to check that existing, augmented, or new interface standards meet the interoperability requirements of the ESI concept. In this way, this guide for the ESI specification can support future advancements in developing interoperability standards and implementation profiles. The intended audience for this document is DER integration practitioners and ecosystem groups that are in the business of developing and implementing communications interfaces for DER integration. It is intended that these groups apply the information and processes in this document to develop communications standards and implementation profiles that are consistent with fundamental ESI principles.

2030.5↗
DOE OSTI2024

Planning Roadmap for DER Integration in India: Industry Best Practices and Resource Guide

Ensuring safe, reliable, cost-effective DER integration at scale requires holistic planning, broad stakeholder engagement, and should address key development areas such as standards adoption, equipment testing and certification, interoperability and cybersecurity, interconnection procedures, and advanced forecasting and DER management. Each of these areas currently represent significant challenges for utilities, regulators, OEMs, developers, and even consumers worldwide. India has already seen significant growth of DERs and has announced targets for substantial growth yet to come, with the potential for DERs to make up a non-negligible portion of the country's overall generation capacity. As such, it is of critical importance that Indian stakeholders consider the potential impacts of wide-spread adoption of DERs and take preemptive action related to the five development areas listed here, among others. India should consider strategies including the adoption of key DER standards related to interconnection, testing, and cybersecurity; enabling effective and secure communication channels for DER interoperability; testing and certifying DER equipment in accredited testing laboratories; building robust, streamlined interconnection procedures; and revamping legacy system planning structures to incorporate DERs in a holistic planning framework.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2024

DarkNESS: developing a skipper-CCD instrument to search for Dark Matter from Low Earth Orbit

The DarkNESS (Dark Matter Nano-satellite Equipped with Skipper Sensors) mission aims to deploy a skipper-CCD CubeSat Observatory to search for dark matter (DM) from Low Earth Orbit. This mission will employ novel skipper-CCDs to investigate O(keV) X-rays from decaying DM, as well as electron recoils from strongly-interacting sub-GeV DM. The DarkNESS mission will be the first space deployment of skipper-CCDs, and the DarkNESS team is developing a skipper-CCD instrument that is compatible with the CubeSat platform. DarkNESS has recently progressed from laboratory validation to a Critical Design Review (CDR) phase, with a launch opportunity anticipated in late 2025. The implementation of the DarkNESS skipper-CCD payload on the CubeSat platform will pave the way for future demonstrators of space-based imagers for X-ray and single-electron counting applications.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2025

How Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) Affect Protection Relay Elements

Inverter-based resources (IBRs) exhibit fault responses that differ significantly from those of synchronous generators, which can challenge the reliable operation of many commonly used power system protection elements. The fault response of IBRs is primarily influenced by their control algorithms and configurations, but the impact of these controls on protection relays is not yet fully understood. This presentation provides a comprehensive study of how IBR modeling and controls affect transmission line protection. Key modeling and control aspects include the DC source, inverter model, power level control, current control, and current limiting. The study reveals that certain aspects - such as the type of DC source (battery, PV, or hybrid), inverter model (average vs. switching), and power level control methods (PQ dispatch vs. Vdc-Vac control for grid-following IBRs, and droop vs. VSM for grid-forming IBRs) - do not significantly affect relay response. However, faster control loops, such as current control and current limiting, do influence the relay behavior. Additionally, the study explores the effects of other factors, including momentary cessation, operating points, fast/slow current responses, and grid strength on relay performance. Finally, the study offers recommendations for both IBR and protection engineers to improve IBR fault response and enhance the reliability of protection systems.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

A Comprehensive Study of the Impact of Inverter-Based Resource (IBR) Modeling and Control on Protection Relay Elements

Inverter-based resources (IBRs) exhibit fault responses that differ significantly from those of synchronous generators, which can challenge the reliable operation of many commonly used power system protection elements. The fault response of IBRs is primarily influenced by their control algorithms and configurations, but the impact of these controls on protection relays is not yet fully understood. This presentation provides a comprehensive study of how IBR modeling and controls affect transmission line protection. Key modeling and control aspects include the DC source, inverter model, power level control, current control, and current limiting. The study reveals that certain aspects - such as the type of DC source (battery, PV, or hybrid), inverter model (average vs. switching), and power level control methods (PQ dispatch vs. Vdc-Vac control for grid-following IBRs, and droop vs. VSM for grid-forming IBRs) - do not significantly affect relay response. However, faster control loops, such as current control and current limiting, do influence the relay behavior. Additionally, the study explores the effects of other factors, including momentary cessation, operating points, fast/slow current responses, and grid strength on relay performance. Finally, the study offers recommendations for both IBR and protection engineers to improve IBR fault response and enhance the reliability of protection systems.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Securing Solar for the Grid (S2G) (Final Project Report) [Slides]

This is the final technical report for the SETO-funded project Securing Solar for the Grid (S2G) from FY22-24. The project scope included development and dissemination of standards' requirements, best practices, equipment testing procedures, assessment tools, as well as education and training materials for cyber defense, posture and maturity tailored to solar technologies. The outcomes for this work include: co-led the development of cybersecurity certification standard (UL2941), co-led the development of cybersecurity guide (IEEE1547.3), development of recommendations for supply chain cybersecurity, and development of cybersecurity risk profiles and recommendations for DERMS.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

EVs-at-RISC: A Secure and Resilient Interoperable SCM Control System Architecture for Electric Vehicle’s-at-Scale (Final Technical Report)

The EVs-at-RISC project was a five-year research, development, and demonstration initiative to create foundational tools for utility-scale fleet aggregation and Smart Charge Management (SCM) of Electric Vehicles (EV), Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure (EVCI), and related Distributed Energy Resources (DER). Rather than seeking to develop and demonstrate highly perfected SCM algorithms and control strategies, this project instead focused on creating foundational software solutions that enable unprecedented digital interoperability across the communications technologies and vendor platforms used to manage EV , EVCI, and DER, as well as existing energy management infrastructure operated by utilities, grid operators, and aggregators. This project then extends these novel interoperability capabilities to develop and deploy powerful middleware abstractions across grid edge networks and EVCI/DER fleet aggregations incorporating modern software tools and best practices, such as CI/CD, to bring the immense capabilities of infrastructure-as-code and policy-as-code to modern grid edge network environments. This addresses the foremost systemic issues preventing realization of any net operational benefits from scaled deployment of behind-the-meter EV, EVCI, and DER assets in electric power grids and markets today. The results of this approach and project unlock massive potential for new SCM capabilities to be easily prototyped, evaluated, and deployed at-scale within the existing grid edge network infrastructure and EVCI/DER technology ecosystem. The EVs-at-RISC project achieves this by extending Open Field Message Bus (OpenFMB), a conceptual model for digital interoperability and distributed intelligence in traditional front-of-meter utility SCADA networks, validating our hypothesis that OpenFMB could be similarly used to solve systemic digital interoperability issues in behind-the-meter environments and unlock real-world utility-scale SCM capabilities without requiring any new proprietary vendor solutions or significant infrastructure reconfiguration.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Recent Advances in Precision Clock Synchronization Protocols for Power Grid Control Systems

With the advent of a new Precision Time Protocol specification, new opportunities abound for clock synchronization possibilities within power grid control systems. The third iteration of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standard 1588 specification provides several new features specifically aimed at complex, wide-area deployments in which situational awareness and control require precise time agreement. This paper describes the challenges faced by existing technology, introduces the new time distribution specification, and provides examples to explain how it represents a game-changing innovation.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗