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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,729 records · Page 96
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2013

Sample Data from a Distributed Acoustic Sensing Experiment at Garner Valley, California

In September 2013, an experiment using Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) was conducted at Garner Valley, a test site of the University of California Santa Barbara (Lancelle et al., 2014). This submission includes one 45 kN shear shaker (called "large shaker" on the basemap) test for three different measurement systems. The shaker swept from a rest, up to 10 Hz, and back down to a rest over 60 seconds. Lancelle, C., N. Lord, H. Wang, D. Fratta, R. Nigbor, A. Chalari, R. Karaulanov, J. Baldwin, and E. Castongia (2014), Directivity and Sensitivity of Fiber-Optic Cable Measuring Ground Motion using a Distributed Acoustic Sensing Array (abstract # NS31C-3935), AGU Fall Meeting. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm14/webprogram/Paper19828.html The e-poster is available at: https://agu.confex.com/data/handout/agu/fm14/Paper_19828_handout_696_0.pdf

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) of Strain at Earth Tide Frequencies: Laboratory Tests

The solid Earth strains in response to the gravitational pull from the Moon, Sun, and other planetary bodies. Measuring the flexure of geologic material in response to these Earth tides provides information about the geomechanical properties of rock and sediment. Such measurements are particularly useful for understanding dilation of faults and fractures in competent rock. A new approach to measuring earth tides using fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is presented here. DAS was originally designed to record acoustic vibration through the measurement of dynamic strain on a fiber optic cable. Here, laboratory experiments demonstrate that oscillating strain can be measured with DAS in the microHertz frequency range, corresponding to half-day (M2) lunar tidal cycles. Although the magnitude of strain measured in the laboratory is larger than what would be expected due to earth tides, a clear signal at half-day period was extracted from the data. With the increased signal-to-noise expected from quiet field applications and improvements to DAS using engineered fiber, earth tides could potentially be measured in deep boreholes with DAS. Because of the distributed nature of the sensor (0.25 m measurement interval over kilometers), fractures could be simultaneously located and evaluated. Such measurements would provide valuable information regarding the placement and stiffness of open fractures in bedrock. Characterization of bedrock fractures is an important goal for multiple subsurface operations such as petroleum extraction, geothermal energy recovery, and geologic carbon sequestration.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Utah FORGE Project 3-2417: Simulations for Distributed Acoustic Sensing Strain Signatures as an Indicator of Fracture Connectivity

This dataset encompasses simulations of strain signatures from both hydraulically connected and "near-miss" fractures in enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). The files and results are presented from the perspective of digital acoustic sensing's (DAS) potential to differentiate the two fracture types. This dataset was acquired by the FOGMORE R&D project (Fiber Optic Geophysical MOnitoring of Reservoir Evolution), under Utah FORGE R&D Project 3-2417. Included are simulation and results via MatLab and COMSOL files, as well as a thesis and paper summarizing the results. Some stimulated fractures may be incomplete, approaching but not intersecting the production well. These "near-miss" fractures can be addressed in future stimulation stages or re-stimulated to complete the connection. We propose the use of fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) as a method by which near-miss stimulated fractures may be identified and distinguished from hydraulically connected fractures. The low-frequency sub-nanostrain signatures of both complete and near-miss fractures in DAS data are simulated in this study using a hydrogeomechanical discrete fracture network model. The spatial distribution of strain was found to be an accurate indicator. However, this indicator must be evaluated in the context of DAS gauge length and spatial sampling. These simulations are a precursor to tests conducted at FORGE in 2023.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

ARIS Acoustic Camera Data Around a 5kW In-River Turbine from Tanana River Test Site

Four days (June 14-17, 2021) of ARIS acoustic camera data from the main research barge of the Tanana River Test Site operated by UAF. Data are collected sidelooking with the turbine in part of the field of view. This data was collected as part of a fish collision risk study. An acoustic camera was used rather than a traditional underwater camera due to the high levels of suspended sediments at the Tanana River Test Site.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2012

Multipurpose Acoustic Sensor for Downhole Fluid Monitoring

The projects objectives and purpose are to: (1) development a multipurpose acoustic sensor for downhole fluid monitoring in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) reservoirs over typical ranges of pressures and temperatures and demonstrate its capabilities and performance for different EGS systems; (2) determine in real-time and in a single sensor package several parameters - temperature, pressure, fluid flow and fluid properties; (3) needed in nearly every phase of an EGS project, including Testing of Injection and Production Wells, Reservoir Validation, Inter-well Connectivity, Reservoir Scale Up and Reservoir Sustainability. (4) Current sensors are limited to operating at lower temperatures, but the need is for logging at high temperatures. The present project deals with the development of a novel acoustic-based sensor that can work at temperatures up to 374 °C, in inhospitable environments.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Acoustic Noise Test Report for the SWIFT Wind Turbine in Boulder, CO

This report summarizes the results of an acoustic noise test that the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) conducted on the SWIFT wind turbine. This test was conducted in accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commission's (IEC) standard, Wind Turbine Generator Systems Part 11: Acoustic Noise Measurement Techniques, IEC 61400-11 Ed.2.1, 2006-11. However, because the SWIFT is a small turbine, as defined by IEC, NREL used 10-second averages instead of 60-second averages and utilized binning by wind speed instead of regression analysis.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Acoustic Noise Test Report for the Viryd CS8 Wind Turbine

This report summarizes the results of an acoustic noise test that the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) conducted on the Viryd CS8 wind turbine. This test was conducted in accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commission's (IEC) standard, Wind Turbine Generator Systems Part 11: Acoustic Noise Measurement Techniques, IEC 61400-11 Ed.2.1, 2006-11. However, because the Viryd CS8 is a small turbine, as defined by IEC, NREL used 10-second averages instead of 60-second averages and binning by wind speed instead of regression analysis.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Acoustic Modeling for Aqua Ventus I off Monhegan Island, ME

The DeepCwind consortium, led by the University of Maine, was awarded funding under the US Department of Energy’s Offshore Wind Advanced Technology Demonstration Program to develop two floating offshore wind turbines in the Gulf of Maine equipped with Goldwind 6 MW direct drive turbines, as the Aqua Ventus I project. The Goldwind turbines have a hub height of 100 m. The turbines will be deployed in Maine State waters, approximately 2.9 miles off Monhegan Island; Monhegan Island is located roughly 10 miles off the coast of Maine. In order to site and permit the offshore turbines, the acoustic output must be evaluated to ensure that the sound will not disturb residents on Monhegan Island, nor input sufficient sound levels into the nearby ocean to disturb marine mammals. This initial assessment of the acoustic output focuses on the sound of the turbines in air by modeling the assumed sound source level, applying a sound propagation model, and taking into account the distance from shore.

Acoustic modeling, offshore wind, Monhegan Island↗
DOE OSTI2018

Bat Acoustical Surveys at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Wind Technology Center: July 2010-November 2010

An acoustical bat use survey was conducted at the NWTC from July 6, 2010 to November 7, 2010, using a passive acoustical method with AnaBat Systems Bat Detectors (Titley Electronics). The purpose of this survey was to obtain information about use by bats within the Project area. All data were collected from one bat detector. Bat activity was determined by the number of bat passes (number of echolocation calls recorded with = 2 chirps) per detector night. Species composition, temporal distribution (by month), and peak activity levels were analyzed. A total of 12,425 bat passes was recorded during the survey period for an index of activity of 99.40 bat passes per detector night. Of the 12,425 total bat passes, 8,772 passes could be identified to species (70.18 identified bat passes per detector night). Species identified included big brown bat, eastern red bat, fringed myotis, hoary bat, silver-haired bat, and Myotis bat group (which may include western small-footed myotis, western long-eared myotis, little brown myotis, and long-legged myotis). Most bats were detected in July (3,952 total bat passes) and August (5,058 total bat passes). The Myotis bat group was most the most frequently detected (4,373 identified bat passes). There were no peaks of activity during the monitoring period, but rather constant fluctuation. No Federally- or state-listed threatened, endangered, or candidate species or species of special concern were identified during surveys.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Compendium of HFIR and REDC Infrasound and Low-Frequency Acoustic Emissions

This document is a compilation of infrasound and low-frequency acoustic signatures that characterize select nuclear reactor operations and hot-cell operations observed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in fiscal year 2018. Also included here are the results of digital signal analyses describing these signatures. This effort provides insight about the feasibility of using acoustic signatures for local and remote-sensing and identification of nuclear fuel-cycle operations. The signatures included here, in this first year of on-site observations at ORNL, will become part of the broader basis set of signatures collected by researchers involved in the Multi-Informatics for Nuclear Operations Scenarios (MINOS) venture. The effort by MINOS researchers is to gain a deeper knowledge base of nuclear facility operations which may be used to improve nuclear facility monitoring capabilities. This compendium comprises signatures developed from sound signals that were measured at ORNL's High Flux Isotope Reactor and the Radiochemical Engineering Development Center during the week of June 18, 2018. Most facility operations were performed specifically for this campaign, although some measurements were obtained in the course of normal operations. The knowledge gained from developing the signatures included herein will provide a better understanding that will be useful for upcoming measurement campaigns; as additional data becomes available it will be included in newer versions of this compendium.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2018

Compendium of HFIR and REDC Infrasound and Low-Frequency Acoustic Emissions

This document is a compilation of infrasound and low-frequency acoustic signatures that characterize select nuclear reactor operations and hot-cell operations observed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in fiscal year 2018. Also included here are the results of digital signal analyses describing these signatures. This effort provides insight about the feasibility of using acoustic signatures for local and remote-sensing and identification of nuclear fuel-cycle operations. The signatures included here, in this first year of on-site observations at ORNL, will become part of the broader basis set of signatures collected by researchers involved in the Multi-Informatics for Nuclear Operations Scenarios (MINOS) venture. The effort by MINOS researchers is to gain a deeper knowledge base of nuclear facility operations which may be used to improve nuclear facility monitoring capabilities. This compendium comprises signatures developed from sound signals that were measured at ORNL's High Flux Isotope Reactor and the Radiochemical Engineering Development Center during the week of June 18, 2018. Most facility operations were performed specifically for this campaign, although some measurements were obtained in the course of normal operations. The knowledge gained from developing the signatures included herein will provide a better understanding that will be useful for upcoming measurement campaigns; as additional data becomes available it will be included in newer versions of this compendium.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2020

Integrated Harsh Environment Gas / Temperature Wireless Microwave Acoustic Sensor System for Fossil Energy Applications

There is a significant need for sensors capable of detecting gases, such as H 2 , O 2 , NO x , SO x within harsh environments encountered in power plants, industrial manufacturing, oil and gas exploration, and aerospace applications. This project successfully demonstrated the use of wireless microwave acoustic sensor technology for the detection of gases (H 2 or O 2 ) from ambient temperatures up to 650°C. The work focused on langasite (LGS) based surface acoustic wave resonator (SAWR) sensors as the harsh-environment sensor platform and explored multiple combinations of high-temperature thin films and device structures which were used to increase the sensor platform stability and detection capability at temperatures in the operational range of 150°C to 700°C. Specific material configurations that were investigated include: yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ) decorated with Pt nanoparticles, atomic layer deposited (ALD) Al 2 O 3 , palladium, and Pt/Al 2 O 3 co-deposited electrode alloys. Through the deposition of YSZ at temperatures as high as 850°C and the use of graded alloy concentrations of Pt in the fabrication of the Pt/Al 2 O 3 electrode structures, film stress problems were mitigated, and sensor operation and stability achieved. To test and evaluate SAWR sensor performance for the detection of H 2 and O 2 under the influence of temperature variations, a comprehensive gas sensor control system and test apparatus was created to operate within a laboratory box furnace-controlled environment. In addition to the advancement in thin film materials through the deposition and fabrication techniques mentioned above, the work characterized the performance of sensors containing these films in the presence of oxidizing and reducing gases between 25°C and 700°C. In particular, the work revealed that the exposure of the SAWR sensor surfaces to oxidizing environments significantly improve the sensor response to H 2 , whereas the exposure of the sensor to reducing environments at high temperatures (≈ 500°C) renders the sensor irresponsive to H 2 , requiring sensor surface treatment at high temperatures (above 500°C) to recover the responsiveness to H 2 . The SAWR sensors have been also tested for wireless operation and array operation using multiple orientations to resolve the detection of gases under temperature variations. The work developed at the University of Maine was aided by a collaboration with the NETL Research and Innovation Center, Pittsburgh, PA, where thin film materials and device structures fabricated at UMaine were tested and characterized using NETL gas reactors and surface analysis techniques. SAWR sensors fabricated at UMaine were exposed multiple times to temperatures up to 700°C and H 2 concentrations up to 100% in the NETL facilities to measure the sensor performance. Environetix Technologies Corporation, a UMaine harsh-environment sensor spin-off company, also provided support and assistance in sensor system testing and implementation. The sensor small size and configuration allows flexible sensor placement and embedding of multiple sensor arrays into a variety of components within power systems and other aerospace or industrial settings that need to be interrogated wirelessly. The SAW platform is an attractive option for high-temperature harsh-environment gas sensing applications due to its inherent features, namely small size, capability of battery-free and wireless operation, and cost effective scale production using well-established production techniques from the semiconductor industry. The research findings achieved in this work, particularly advances regarding the fabrication and performance of the SAWR gas sensor platform, can be adapted and transferred to industrial power plants and other harsh environments.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2021

Sodium Hydrogen Sensor and Acoustic Flow Sensor Development

This report documents the development of diffusion-type hydrogen meters (DTHMs) as part of a steam generator leak detection system (SGLDS) of sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFR) and the demonstration of the capabilities of acoustic flowmeters, including a commercial UTFM (Flexim FLUXUS F721) and an Argonne HT acoustic flowmeter running on shear-to-longitudinal mode. It also evaluates two Argonne permanent magnet flowmeters (PMFMs).

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors for Refrigerant Leak Detection: Compact, Inexpensive, Selective and Sensitive Sensors

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), in collaboration with Parker and Hannifin, is developing a compact, inexpensive, and highly sensitive and selective surface acoustic wave sensor coated with fluorophillic sorbent for detecting fluorocarbon leaks from HVAC systems. Having a highly effective sorbent sensitive to fluorocarbon refrigerant vapors provides a means to develop a sensing device for leak detection. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors with a gas sensing film deposited between the delay lines or on the interdigital transducer have been used to detect gas and vapor molecules in harsh environments with high sensitivity. As part of this project, PNNL screened several sorbent materials that are shown to be selective towards fluorocarbon refrigerant (R32) molecule. The identified sorbent materials were synthesized, characterized, and tested towards R32 using various spectroscopic technique. Next, the sorbent material was coated on a SAW sensor as a thin film using vapor deposition and drop coating methods. The coated thin film was further characterized and tested towards the detection of pure R32 and R32 in ambient air at room temperature to demonstrate the SAW response towards R32 in presence of other competing gases and vapors in air.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Classification of Ultrasonic Weld Quality using Acoustic Signatures Acquired During Manufacture

Ultrasonic welding is a process is based on generating a solid-state bond between two metals by applying moderate pressure and high intensity sound waves (20-70 kHz frequencies) at their interface. During the solid-state process numerous material, surface, instrument, and environmental factors contribute to bond formation, strength, and durability. The inherent difficulty of measuring and controlling each of these factors has, to date, made predicting bond quality elusive. In this work, a Sonics model MWB20 ultrasonic spot welder with integral base, was used to produce a variety of welds of different metal foils under varying weld conditions. Acoustic measurements were recorded throughout the measurement process. Subsequent analysis of the signals using metrics that approximate the energy dispersed during the weld proved to successfully predict weld quality. Two metrics based on normalized energy differential and Renyi entropy were developed into Python and C++ scripts for direct analysis of weld acoustic data.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Acoustic Tomography System (CRADA Final Report)

NREL will install the CU/CIRES acoustic tomography array at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC). The system consists of 9 freestanding towers of 9.1m height that are currently located at the NWTC. On these towers are installed a series of microphones and speakers. One center tower holds a sonic anemometer and temperature probe. The purpose of the acoustic tomography system is to measure complex flow fields surrounding wind turbine arrays that influence wind farm energy production and reliability. There is currently no funding to test and research the system (just install it), but NREL and CU researchers will write proposals that will fund the actual research with this unique measurement technology.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Acoustic and Genetic Data Can Reduce Uncertainty Regarding Populations of Migratory Tree-Roosting Bats Impacted by Wind Energy

Wind turbine-related mortality may pose a population-level threat for migratory tree-roosting bats, such as the hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) in North America. These species are dispersed within their range, making it impractical to estimate census populations size using traditional survey methods. Nonetheless, understanding population size and trends is essential for evaluating and mitigating risk from wind turbine mortality. Using various sampling techniques, including systematic acoustic sampling and genetic analyses, we argue that building a weight of evidence regarding bat population status and trends is possible to (1) assess the sustainability of mortality associated with wind turbines; (2) determine the level of mitigation required; and (3) evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation measures to ensure population viability for these species. Long-term, systematic data collection remains the most viable option for reducing uncertainty regarding population trends for migratory tree-roosting bats. We recommend collecting acoustic data using the statistically robust North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat) protocols and that genetic diversity is monitored at repeated time intervals to show species trends. There are no short-term actions to resolve these population-level questions; however, we discuss opportunities for relatively short-term investments that will lead to long-term success in reducing uncertainty.

17 WIND ENERGY↗