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At least 1,711 records · Page 95
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Structure and Properties of VT6 Alloy Obtained by Layered Selective Sintering of a Powder

This paper is focused on a clarification and analysis of the regularities of formation of the structure and properties of samples of the titanium-based alloy VT6, obtained by methods of conventional metallurgy and formed by layered selective electron-beam sintering in vacuum (using the Arcam A2X (3D printer) system (Arcam, Sweden)) of VT6 titanium powder with particle size 40–100 μm. Additional modification of the samples was realized by irradiating the surface with an intense pulsed electron beam (15 keV, 45 J/cm{sup 2}, 200 μs, 10 pulses, 0.3 s{sup –1}, 3.5·10{sup –2} Pa). It is shown that the action of a pulsed electron beam on the surface of samples formed by layered selective electron-beam sintering leads to a significant reduction in the porosity of the surface layer of the material and formation in the surface layer of a polycrystalline structure (grain size 15–60 μm) with a substructure in the form of crystallization cells (cell size 0.5–1.2 μm). Electron-beam processing of samples prepared by methods of conventional metallurgy for the indicated electron-beam parameters leads to the formation in the surface layer of a polycrystalline structure (grain size 50–800 μm) with a laminar intragrain substructure. Mechanical tests, performed by stretching flat samples, showed that the highest combination of mechanical strength and plasticity is possessed by samples obtained by layered selective electron-beam sintering with subsequent irradiation by an intense pulsed electron beam.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Improving the Strength of the ZrC-SiC and TC4 Brazed Joint Through Fabricating Graded Double-Layered Composite Structure on TC4 Surface

In order to improve the ZrC-SiC ceramic and TC4 brazed joint property, graded double-layered SiC particles (SiCp)-reinforced TC4-based composite structure (named as GLS for convenience) was designed to relieve the residual stress in the joint. The GLS was successfully fabricated on TC4 substrate by double-layered laser deposition technology before the brazing process. The investigation of the GLS shows that the volume fraction of SiCp in the two composite layers was graded (20 and 39 vol pct, respectively). Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3} and TiC phases formed in the GLS due to the reaction of SiCp and TC4. The laser power-II (the laser power for the second deposition layer) affected the microstructure of the GLS significantly. Increasing the laser power-II would promote the reaction between the SiCp and TC4. But the high laser power-II made the layer I remelt completely and the two layers became homogeneous rather than graded structure. In the ZrC-SiC and TC4 brazed joint, the CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) was graded from the TC4 to the ZrC-SiC due to the GLS, and the strength of the joint with the GLS (91 MPa) was higher than that without the GLS (43 MPa).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Location of Co and Ni promoter atoms in multi-layer MoS 2 nanocrystals for hydrotreating catalysis

The location of Co and Ni promoter atoms in industrial-style hydrotreating catalysts is examined by combining aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectrum imaging. The observations unambiguously demonstrate that both Co and Ni promoter atoms occupy sites at all low-indexed edge terminations of hexagonally shaped multi-layer MoS 2 nanocrystals. In contrast, similar observations for single-layer MoS 2 nanocrystals show that Co-promoter atoms preferentially attach at the (-1 0 0) S-edge termination and are absent at the (1 0 0) Mo-edge termination. The apparent discrepancy between single- and multi-layer MoS 2 nanocrystals can be explained by the 2H-MoS 2 crystal structure, for which successive MoS 2 layers alternatingly expose Mo- and S-edge terminations in any of the low-indexed directions. Thus, the multi-layer Co-Mo-S and Ni-Mo-S nanocrystals, formed in the present type of industrial-style hydrotreating catalyst, are consistently described as a superposition of single-layer Co-Mo-S and Ni-Mo-S structures, and in turn, provide promoted edge sites with different steric accessibility for the organic compounds in mineral oil distillates.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Interface profile optimization for planar stress wave attenuation in bi-layered plates

Stress waves scatter upon entering a new medium. This occurs due to the reflection and transmission of the waves, which depends on the impedance mismatch between the two materials and the angle of incidence. For a bi-layered structure with finite dimensions and constant impedance ratio, the scattering and intensity of the stress waves may be varied by changing the interface profile between the two layers. In this study, a methodology is proposed for optimizing the interface profile between the layers of a finite bi-layered plate for the objective of planar stress wave attenuation. The bi-layered plates are subjected at one end to highly impulsive loadings with various durations, and the geometry of the internal interface is optimized for the purpose of minimizing the amplitude of the maximum reaction force at the opposite fixed end. The optimization methodology is based on a genetic algorithm, which is coupled with a finite element method for analyzing the wave propagation behavior of the plates. Finally, it is observed that the interface profile and the amount of stress wave attenuation depend on the duration of the applied impulsive loading, with higher amounts of attenuation obtained when the wavelength associated with the impulsive load is small compared to the dimensions of the bi-layered plates.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Low temperature perovskite solar cells with an evaporated TiO 2 compact layer for perovskite silicon tandem solar cells

Silicon-based tandem solar cells can overcome the efficiency limit of single junction silicon solar cells. Perovskite solar cells are particularly promising as a top cell in monolithic tandem devices due to their rapid development towards high efficiencies, a tunable band gap with a sharp optical absorption edge and a simple production process. In monolithic tandem devices, the perovskite solar cell is deposited directly on the silicon cell, requiring low-temperature processes (< 200 °C) to maintain functionality of under-lying layers of the silicon cell in case of highly efficient silicon hetero-junction (SHJ) bottom solar cell. In this work, we present a complete low-temperature process for perovskite solar cells including a mesoporous titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) scaffold - a structure yielding the highest efficiencies for single-junction perovskite solar cells. We show that evaporation of the compact TiO 2 hole blocking layer and ultra-violet (UV) curing for the mesoporous TiO 2 layer allows for good performance, comparable to high-temperature (> 500 °C) processes. With both manufacturing routes, we obtain short-circuit current densities (J SC ) of about 20 mA/cm 2 , open-circuit voltages (V OC ) over 1 V, fill factors (FF) between 0.7 and 0.8 and efficiencies (n) of more than 15%. We further show that the evaporated TiO 2 layer is suitable for the application in tandem devices. The series resistance of the layer itself and the contact resistance to an indium doped tin oxide (ITO) interconnection layer between the two sub-cells are low. Additionally, the low parasitic absorption for wavelengths above the perovskite band gap allow a higher absorption in the silicon bottom solar cell, which is essential to achieve high tandem efficiencies.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Split radiographic tracer technique to measure the full width of a high energy density mixing layer

In this work, we describe a new radiography–based technique for measuring the width of the mixing layer that develops when high–energy–density (HED) fluids of different density mix at an interface. In a traditional radiography target, the denser material includes an embedded, density–matched, high opacity, tracer layer to focus the radiograph on a 2D slice of the 3D flow field. The high opacity layer enhances the contrast between the dense and light materials that permits a clear identification of the spike front, i.e. penetration of the dense material into the light material, but obscures the bubble front, i.e. penetration of the light material into the heavy when the fluids are highly interpenetrated, as in a turbulent mixing layer. On the other hand, removing the tracer layer makes it difficult to identify the interface at all, due to poor contrast and an increased susceptibility to edge effects. Our solution is a split tracer approach where half the target uses the traditional geometry while the other half utilizes a special tracer layer in the light material to produce a radiograph with inverse x-ray opacity characteristics when backlit at a specified x–ray energy. Hydrodynamic equivalency is maintained between the two halves of the target. By making a single target with the traditional and inverse material pairs set side-by-side, we are able to simultaneously measure the penetration of bubbles and spikes in a deeply nonlinear flow, yielding the full mix width. We discuss this new target concept and present our first experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) demonstrating the viability of this technique.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Use of tritium-rich fuel to improve the yield of layered deuterium/tritium inertial fusion capsules

In deuterium–tritium (DT) ice layered implosions, nearly all hot spot mass at peak burn comes from the dense fuel. Accurate prediction of the fuel mass ablation, including the enthalpy associated with mass inflow into the hot spot from the dense fuel, is essential to understanding the energetics and ignition of the hot spot in layered implosions. A recently published boundary layer analysis (Daughton et al., 2023) indicates a faster mass ablation rate than in previous analyses of layered implosions. Inclusion of this effect provides a better match to simulations and leads to a new ignition threshold where the temperature of the dense fuel plays a critical role. This analysis motivates possible new directions for improved capsule performance. Here, the authors present evidence in support of one such approach: the use of tritium-rich ice to decrease 14 MeV neutron scattering and heating of the dense fuel, resulting in less mass ablation and more robust burn of the hot spot. It is found from numerical simulations that despite a less favorable D:T ratio in the ice, the use of a 40:60 D:T ratio leads to an increase in capsule yield of 17% percent compared with that of a 50:50 D:T ratio fuel for capsules resembling those of the recent N210808 ignition experiment on the NIF (Abu-Shawareb et al., 2022) and an increase of 74% compared with that of a 60:40 D:T ratio fuel capsule. Finally, these results are potentially important for modeling all layered implosions, since some degree of DT fractionization may arise naturally during the beta layering process. In addition, this physics is important for the feasibility of high-gain capsule designs that seek to minimize tritium usage, as in some inertial fusion energy concepts.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Heavily neodymium doped ceria as an effective barrier layer in solid oxide electrochemical cells

10 mol% gadolinium doped ceria (GDC10) is widely used as a barrier layer between oxygen electrode and electrolyte to prevent interfacial reactions. A 50 mol% neodymium doped ceria (NDC50) barrier layer has been proposed and studied in this paper. Symmetrical cells with NDC50 and GDC10 barrier layers, Nd 2 NiO 4+δ (NNO)–Ce 0.5 Nd 0.5 O 2-δ (NDC50) electrode, and YSZ electrolyte have been systematically studied using impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at various temperatures and oxygen partial pressure (pO 2 ). The NDC50 barrier layer has significantly decreased polarization resistance across a wide temperature and pO 2 range compared to the GDC10 barrier layer. The rare earth C-type structure of the NDC50 barrier layer causes barrier free migration of oxygen ions resulting in improved ionic conductivity compared to GDC10. Finally, distribution of relaxation time (DRT) modeling has been used to obtain insights into the electrode processes.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2024

Fabrication of yeast engineered porous 13X adsorbent layers for CO 2 capture

This study investigates a novel environmentally friendly coating technique using yeast fermentation to obtain super porous Zeolite 13X adsorbent layers through freeze-drying technique for CO 2 capture applications. Several mass ratios of sugar to yeast were used to control the porosity and pore sizes in the adsorbent layer. A unique peeling process was integrated to obtain foamy, hollow structures to have deeper layer accessibility of adsorbent for adsorption applications. These coated adsorbent layers were experimentally characterized as a function of the mass ratio of sugar to yeast and adsorbent solid fraction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) are used to analyze the coated layers. Here, the void fraction for coated samples is found to vary between 0.48 and 0.56, making the samples applicable for adsorption applications. Adsorption performance experiments are performed to test the coated samples' performance compared to 13X powder. Due to their simplistic fabrication, cost-effectiveness, rapid pore formation, and high adsorption capacity, these porous 13X layers hold potential for large-scale fabrication and CO 2 capture applications.

Adsorbent coating↗
DOE OSTI2022

Formation of carbon and oxygen rich surface layer on high purity magnesium by atmospheric carbon dioxide plasma

Carbon and oxygen-rich corrosion barrier layer formed on Mg by a simple and scalable CO 2 atmospheric plasma (CO 2 -AP) process. The reactive CO 2 -AP interacts with the Mg surface and forms a unique layered structure with the top MgCO 3 /MgO-intermixed particulates pillars and the bottom dense layer. The surface features were simultaneously formed on the nano-/micro-structured MgO layer by carbonate molecules, plasma-active CO 2 molecules, and/or other volatile organic compounds on the nano-/micro-structured MgO particle layer. The resulting surfaces after CO 2 -AP were either hydrophobic or hydrophilic and exhibited lower anodic current or high resistance for Mg corrosion. For the hydrophobic surfaces of CO 2 -AP treated Mg, molecular dynamic simulations were performed to understand the origin of hydrophobicity and identified that the amorphous carbon layers formed on the Mg surface are the source. The environmentally benign abundant-gas-based process enables the cost reduction associated with waste treatment, generation of by-product, and supply of raw material.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

In situ ceramic layer growth on coated fuel particles dispersed in a zirconium metal matrix

The extent and nature of the chemical interaction between the outermost coating layer of coated fuel particles embedded in zirconium metal during fabrication of metal matrix microencapsulated fuels was examined. Various particles with outermost coating layers of pyrocarbon, SiC, and ZrC have been investigated in this study. ZrC-Zr interaction was least substantial while PyC-Zr reaction can be exploited to produce a ZrC layer at the interface in an in situ manner. The thickness of the ZrC layer in the latter case can be controlled by adjusting the time and temperature during processing. The kinetics of ZrC layer growth is significantly faster from what is predicted using literature carbon diffusivity data in ZrC. SiC-Zr interaction is more complex and results in formation of various chemical phases in a layered aggregate morphology at the interface.

Terrani, Kurt A↗
DOE OSTI2013

Improve the open-circuit voltage of ZnO solar cells with inserting ZnS layers by two ways

ZnS NPs layers were deposited on ZnO NRs by two different ways. One is spin coating; the other is successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. The ZnO NRs/ZnS NPs composites were verified by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV–visible spectrophotometer; their morphologies and thicknesses were examined by scanning electron microscopic and transmission electron microscopic images. The CdS quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) were constructed using ZnO NRs/ZnS NPs composites as photoanode and their photovoltaic characteristic was studied by J–V curves. The results indicated that the way of SILAR is more beneficial for retarding the back transfer of electrons to CdS and electrolyte than spin coating method. The open-circuit voltage increased to 0.59 V by introducing a ZnS layer through SILAR method. When ZnS NPs layer was deposited for 10 times on ZnO NRs, the conversion efficiency of QDSSC shows ∼3.3 folds increments of as-synthesized ZnO solar cell. - Graphical abstract: When ZnO nanorods were deposited by ZnS for 10 times, the conversion efficiency of QDSSC shows ∼3.3 folds increments of as-synthesized ZnO solar cell. Highlights: ► ZnS layers were deposited with two different ways. ► The way of SILAR is more beneficial for retarding the back transfer of electrons. ► The open-circuit voltage increased to 0.59 V by introducing a ZnS layer through SILAR method.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2013

X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of parent misfit-layered cobalt oxide [Sr₂O₂] q }CoO₂

Here we present a comprehensive X-ray absorption spectroscopy study carried out at Co-L₂,₃, Co-K, O-K and Sr-K edges for the parent misfit-layered cobalt oxide phase [Sr₂O₂]₀.₅₂CoO₂; comparison is made to another misfit-layered oxide [CoCa₂O₃]₀.₆₂CoO₂ and the perovskite oxide LaCoO₃. A high-quality sample of [Sr₂O₂]₀.₅₂CoO₂ was obtained through ultra-high-pressure synthesis using Sr₃Co₂O₆ and Sr(OH)₂∙8H₂O as starting materials. Different dosages of KClO₃ were mixed with the raw materials as an oxygen source and tested, but it was found that the window for the redox control of [Sr₂O₂]₀.₅₂CoO₂ is rather narrow. From Co-K and Co-L₂,₃ spectra a mixed III/IV valence state is revealed for cobalt in [Sr₂O₂]₀.₅₂}CoO₂, but the average valence value is a little lower than in [CoCa₂O₃]₀.₆₂CoO₂. Then, Sr-K spectrum indicates that the [Sr₂O₂] double-layer block in [Sr₂O₂]₀.₅₂CoO₂ clearly deviates from the cubic SrO rock-salt structure, suggesting a more complicated coordination environment for strontium. This together with a somewhat low Co-valence value and the fact that the phase formation of [Sr₂O₂]₀.₅₂CoO₂ required the presence of Sr(OH)₂∙8H₂O in the high-pressure synthesis suggest that the [Sr₂O₂] block contains ---OH groups, i.e. [Sr₂(O,OH)₂]₀.₅₂CoO₂. - Graphical abstract: [Sr₂O₂]₀.₅₂CoO₂ obtained through high-pressure synthesis is a parent of misfit-layered cobalt oxides, such as [CoCa₂O₃]₀.₆₂CoO₂ or [M m A₂O 2+m ] q CoO₂ in general. Our comprehensive X-ray absorption spectroscopy study shows that both [Sr₂O₂]₀.₅₂CoO₂ and [CoCa₂O₃]₀.₆₂CoO₂ possess mixed III/IV valence cobalt, but the average Co-valence is a little lower in the former. This is tentatively believed to be due to OH --- groups replacing part of O²⁻ ions in the [Sr₂O₂] layer block. Highlights: • [Sr₂O₂]₀.₅₂CoO₂ is a parent of misfit-layered cobalt oxides. • It is obtained by ultra-high-pressure synthesis from Sr₃Co₂O₆, Sr(OH)₂∙6H₂O and KClO₃. • Co-K and Co---L XANES spectra reveal lower than expected Co-valence value. • Sr-K XANES spectrum indicates that the [Sr₂O₂] block is not of simple rock-salt structure. • This block most probably contains ---OH --- groups, i.e. [Sr₂(O,OH)₂]₀.₅₂CoO₂.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2013

Synthesis, structure and electrochemical properties of layered La{sub 2}Li{sub 2x}(CO{sub 3}){sub 1−x}O{sub 2+2x}

An oxide ion conductor, La{sub 2}Li{sub 2x}(CO{sub 3}){sub 1−x}O{sub 2+x} (x=0.15), was synthesized using a solid-state reaction, and its structure was subsequently determined by Rietveld refinement analyses of synchrotron X-ray and high-resolution powder neutron diffraction data. These analyses determined that carbonate groups are situated between (La{sub 2}O{sub 2}{sup 2+}){sub n} layers in an ordered arrangement and that both oxygen vacancies and interstitial oxygen ions exist within the carbonate layers, resulting in a composition of La{sub 2}Li{sub 0.3}(CO{sub 3}){sub 0.85}O{sub 2.3}. This material is structurally stable up to 500 °C and exhibits a conductivity of 5.5×10{sup −5} S cm{sup −1} at 450 °C. Oxide vacancies associated with carbonate anions appear to be responsible for the ionic conduction observed in this material. - Graphical abstract: Thermal ellipsoid projection of the carbonate layer viewed from the c-axis, showing oxygen migration paths: (A, blue line) interstitial hopping and (B, green line) co-operative rotation. Display Omitted - Highlights: • Lithium insertion in the structure causes the structural changes in carbonate layer. • These structural changes create oxygen vacancies within the flexible carbonate layers and introduce interstitial oxygen. • These interstitial oxygen atoms and oxygen vacancies are involved in oxide ion diffusion through the carbonate layer.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Two isostructural layered oxohalide compounds containing Mn{sup 2+}, Te{sup 4+} and Si{sup 4+}; crystal structure and magnetic susceptibility

The new compounds Mn{sub 4}(TeO{sub 3})(SiO{sub 4})X{sub 2} (X=Br, Cl) were synthesized by solid state reactions in sealed evacuated silica tubes. The compounds crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2{sub 1}/m with the unit cell parameters a=5.5463(3) Å (5.49434(7) Å), b=6.4893(4) Å (6.44184(9) Å), c=12.8709(7) Å (12.60451(18) Å), β=93.559(5)° (94.1590(12)°) and Z=2 for the respective Br and Cl analogues. Manganese adopts various distorted coordination polyhedra; [MnO{sub 6}] octahedra, [MnO{sub 5}] tetragonal pyramids and [MnO{sub 2}X{sub 2}] tetrahedra. Other building blocks are [SiO{sub 4}] tetrahedra and [TeO{sub 3}] trigonal pyramids. The structure is made up from layers having no net charge that are connected via weak Van der Waal interactions. The layers that are parallel to (1 1 0) consist of two manganese oxide sheets which are separated by [SiO{sub 4}] tetrahedra. On the outer sides of the sheets are the [MnO{sub 2}X{sub 2}] tetrahedra and the [TeO{sub 3}] trigonal pyramids connected so that the halide ions and the stereochemically active lone pairs on the tellurium atoms protrude from the layers. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal a Curie law with a Weiss temperature of θ=−153(3) K for temperatures ≥100 K and indicate antiferromagnetic ordering at T{sub N} ∼4 K. Possible structural origins of the large frustration parameter of f=38 are discussed. - Graphical abstract: Table of contents caption. The new compounds Mn{sub 4}(TeO{sub 3})(SiO{sub 4})X{sub 2} (X=Br, Cl) are layered with weak Van der Waal interactions in between the layers. Manganese adopts various distorted coordination polyhedral, other building blocks are [SiO{sub 4}] tetrahedra and [TeO{sub 3}] trigonal pyramids. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperatures and a large frustration parameter. - Highlights: • Two new isostructural oxohalide compounds are described. • The compounds are the first examples of oxohalides containing both Te{sup 4+} and Si{sup 4+}. • Both compounds display the unusual coordination polyhedron MnO{sub 2}X{sub 2} (X=Cl, Br). • The compounds are made up of charge neutral layers connected via weak interactions. • The compounds are antiferromagnetic and display a large frustration parameter.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

In situ synthesis of TiH{sub 2} layer on metallic titanium foil through gaseous hydrogen free acid-hydrothermal method

Graphical abstract: The reaction mechanism for in situ synthesizing TiH{sub 2} layer on titanium foil by a gaseous hydrogen free acid-hydrothermal methodology. - Highlights: • A dense TiH{sub 2} layer is synthesized by a hydrogen free acid-hydrothermal method. • Hydrogen in a TiH{sub 2} layer synthesized can release at low temperature. • During the dehydrogenation process, there is no any intermediate phase forming. • We report a method of low-cost, low-risk and convenience toward productive TiH{sub 2}. - Abstract: A novel strategy for synthesis of TiH{sub 2} layer on surface of metallic titanium by using an acid-hydrothermal method was proposed. During the synthesis process, no any elemental hydrogen was involved. X-ray powder diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy results confirmed that a TiH{sub 2} layer of 20 μm thickness on a Ti foil surface can be formed in situ by an interface reaction of metallic titanium with sulfuric acid solution, hydrochloric acid, or phosphoric acid, which is a hydrogen self-storage process. By tuning reaction parameters, for example, concentration of acid, composition and morphology of TiH{sub 2}-Ti hybrid materials can be adjusted. The TiH{sub 2} layer on a metallic titanium surface can be decompounded completely heated below 400 °C. This convenient, safe and low-cost method is a promising gaseous hydrogen free approach for the synthesis of hydride-based hydrogen storage materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Activation energy and carriers dynamics of multilayer CdTe/ZnTe quantum dots with different ZnTe separation layer thicknesses

We studied the optical properties of multilayer CdTe/ZnTe quantum dots (QDs) with various ZnTe separation layer thicknesses on GaAs substrates. The low temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra show that the excitonic peaks in multilayer CdTe/ZnTe QDs shift to higher energy levels, and PL peak intensities increase with increasing ZnTe separation layer thickness. This is because of increasing uncoupling and because there are many more carriers confined in the QDs with wider separation layers. Temperature-dependent PL measurements showed that the activation energies of the confined electrons in the multilayer CdTe/ZnTe QDs decreases with decreasing ZnTe separation layer thickness. The time-resolved PL spectra show increasing carrier decay times with decreasing ZnTe separation layer thickness, due to increasing coupling between QDs with narrower separation layers.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Structural modification and photoluminescence studies of Eu in lamellar fluorphlogopite by the adjustment of layer charge

Highlights: • The structure of fluorphlogopite was modified by the decrease of layer charge. • Characteristic emission of Eu{sup 3+} was greatly enhanced as doped to the modified clay. • The emitting color changed from orange-red to red in respect to the original host. • This is a new strategy to enhance the luminescence of inorganic layered materials. - Abstract: In this paper, the lamellar fluorphlogopite was structurally modified by the adjustment of layer charge and the rare earth Eu{sup 3+} was doped to fluorphlogopite with a subsequent high temperature solid state reaction process. The structural modification involved a preliminary treatment of fluorphlogopite with HNO{sub 3} and oxalic acid to reduce the layer charge density, and part of the charge-reduced fluorphlogopite was converted to a homoionic Na form by ion exchange with NaCl or NaB(C{sub 6}H{sub 5}){sub 4}. It has been noticed that the interlayer spacing of modified fluorphlogopite is decreased as compared with the original fluorphlogopite due to the ionic radius difference between K{sup +} and Na{sup +}. The photoluminescence study suggests that adjustment of layer charge of fluorphlogopite is beneficial to enhance the luminescence intensity excited with near UV light, and the layered system may be a potential red light component for the use of solid-state lighting and other optoelectronic fields.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗